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Admi, Randy
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The Determinants of Indonesia's Coal Exports Demand to Six Asian Countries Susanto, Deni Aditya; Admi, Randy
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v6i1.18916

Abstract

Coal is one of the most needed commodities globally because of its power plants and industrial machinery. According to World Coal Institute (2018), the world coal trade is dominated by several producing countries, Indonesia (ranked 2nd with 28.21 percent). Indonesia's coal exports are influenced by determinants of demand from export destination countries. This study will test at least four demand determinants in destination countries for their effects on Indonesian exports: exchange rate, foreign exchange reserves, population, and coal production. The study used six Asian countries (Japan, South Korea, India, Thailand, Philippines, and Malaysia) over 2008-2018. The methodology used is multiple linear regression with a series of chow and Hausman tests. Each variable has been tested by t-test (partial) and f test (simultaneous), and R2 test to analyze the percentage of the influence of the model on the dependent variable. This study revealed that the variable foreign exchange reserves and population growth of six Asian countries have a significant positive effect on Indonesia's coal export. Simultaneously, the exchange rate and coal production of the destination countries were not proven to have a negative impact but positively affected coal export. All variables have a significant and partially significant effect so that the model can explain the coal export variable at 93.08 percent (Adjust R-squared). Keywords: Coal Export, Demand Determinants JEL: C2, F1, Q31
The Analysis of Coal Competitiveness and the Factors Affecting Indonesia's Coal Exports to Main Destination Countries (A Case of 8 Destination Countries) Admi, Randy; Saleh, Samsubar; Fitrianto, Gigih
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i1.33183

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest coal producers globally, with coal as the main export commodity compared to other commodities in the mining sector. The more competitive the world coal market is, the Indonesian coal market share faces threats from other coal exporting countries. The increasing commitment of countries to reduce air pollution by cutting the use of coal for power plants at PLTU. This study analyzes the competitiveness and various factors that influence the competitiveness of Indonesian coal in 8 export destination countries. This study seeks to determine how the development of Indonesia's coal competitiveness to the eight central destination countries and what factors affect Indonesia's coal exports for the 2009-2020 period to the eight central destination countries using RCA analysis and panel data regression. Based on the analysis, results show that the competitiveness of Indonesia's coal exports to 8 destination countries is excellent. It can be seen from the RCA value obtained by each country from 2009-to 2020, which is greater than 1. Meanwhile, based on the results of panel data, regression estimates with random models show that GDP per capita, population, and coal prices have a negative and significant impact on coal competitiveness in 8 Indonesian coal importing countries. The study results did not find the effect of exchange rates and CPO prices on coal competitiveness in 8 Indonesian coal importing countries.
Co-Authors Fitrianto, Gigih Samsubar Saleh Susanto, Deni Aditya