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All Journal Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Cyuzuzo Callixte
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Public Health

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Qualitative Phytochemical ScreeningandIn VitroAntibacterialActivitiesof Crude Akaziraruguma Leaf Extracts Cyuzuzo Callixte; Heny Arwati; Dusabimana Jean Damascene
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16833

Abstract

The resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a global health dynamic and the time is nowtofind alternativesolutions from plant secondary metabolites.Ageratum conyzoidesL. is a plant known as akazirarugumain Rwandaand used to treat wounds and ulcers. This study aimedto evaluate the phytochemical profileand germicidal efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides L. grown inRwasave wetland.Theleaves were collected and dried under the shed for 10 days, blended into powderby electric blender and macerated with water and 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening wasperformedby followingthe standard procedures and antibacterial activity of the extracts wasexamined by agar welldiffusion method and the inhibition zones were recorded.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence ofdifferent secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and saponins. In this assessment,aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited significant inhibitory activity against testedpathogens with inhibition zones that ranging from6±0.9 mm to 20±0.5 mm of diameter. The minimuminhibition concentrations range between 0.47 mg/mL and 15.00 mg/mL.The resultsconfirm that the leavesof akazirarugumacould be the credible source ofantibacterial agents that should be used for therapeuticpurposes and in production of pharmaceuticals.
Recent Perspectives and Upcoming Directions in Molecular Diagnosis of Malaria: A Systematic Review Ola S. H. Almusaddar; Cyuzuzo Callixte
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16903

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The absence of effectivevaccines is still the vital hindrance to the management and elimination of malaria. From that standpoint,accurate laboratory diagnosis could be the right hand for disease management. Objective: This reviewintended to assess the recent perspectives and upcoming directions in molecular diagnosis of malaria.Methods: This review was conducted by using internet searching tools where 35 published papers wereretrieved from the credible online publishers and among them, 27 papers that satisfy the inclusion criteriawere profoundly reviewed.Results: Among the 27 articles, 22(81.48 %) papers focus on contribution of PCR based-method in malariadiagnosis, 4(14.8%) report on comparison between polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and other moleculartechniques, 7(30%) emphasize on advantages and disadvantages of PCR, 4(14.8%) represent relationshipamong PCR and LAMP, 3(11%) discuss the most promising molecular diagnostic tools, 5(18%) focus oncomparative designs of different PCR methods, whereas 1(3.7%) emphasizes on parasite density and 2(7%)on pigment containing monocyte.Conclusion: This review conclude that microscopy remains the gold standard method for malaria diagnosisand speciation in limited resource settings but also molecular based-methods provide significant alternativeswith superior sensitivity and specificity.
Homesickness, Anxiety and Depression among Pakistani International Students in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak Shahzad Shoukat; Cyuzuzo Callixte; Theresia Indah Budhy; Jusak Nugraha; Tuyishimire Irene
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17077

Abstract

Introduction: International students are exposed to multiple mental health crisis due to social, environmentaland culture shocks in foreign lands but it gets worse in presence of life- threatening disease outbreak. Thisresearch was conducted to evaluate the homesickness, anxiety and depression among Pakistani internationalstudents in Indonesia during Covid-19 Outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted on 86 randomstudents that are pursuing their studies in different public and private universities in Indonesia. The datawere collected by distributing google forms via email and social media groups and the responses fromthe respondents were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: The study findings revealed that thereis a correlation between Covid-19 pandemic and the development of various mental health crisis where33 students (38.37 %) developed homesickness, 11 students (12.79%) developed anxiety and 2 students(2.33 %) manifested low-grade depression. Homesickness was outstandingly observed in females (72.72%) whereas anxiety was highly reported in males (90.90%).The study findings demonstrated that there isa strong negative correlation between student financial statuses and the development of homesickness (r:-0.977, P: 0.023) and anxiety (r: -0.944, P: 0.056).Conclusion: All in all, the fear to contract coronavirus,lockdowns, financial instability, death toll of citizens and medical professionals, run out of medical facilitiesand social media hoaxes are significant risk factors of mental health crisis among Pakistani internationalstudents in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Dusabimana Jean Damascene Heny Arwati Jusak Nugraha Ola S. H. Almusaddar Shahzad Shoukat Theresia Indah Budhy Sulisetyawati Tuyishimire Irene