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All Journal JOURNAL OF APPLIED INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin
Leman, Abdul Mutalib
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Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Production and Performance Test of Biodiesel Produced from Waste Cooking Oil Setiawan, Yosua; Sutanto, Hadi; Leman, Abdul Mutalib
Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 10 No 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/cylinder.v10i1.5472

Abstract

Biodiesel has become an important source as a subtitution fuel for diesel engines. As an alternative fuel for diesel engines, it is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing fossil fuel reserves and the environment consequeness of exhaust gases from petroleum fuelled engines therefore, it needs to be further investigated how biodiesel blend percentage could affect the performance and emission of diesel engine. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one of the raw material for Biodiesel. WCO that has been converted into biodiesel is made using esterification and transesterification methods. Then, biodiesel is mixed until it has the composition of B20, B30 and B50. The mixture is then tested for performance and emissions. In testing, B30 did not have a significant decrease in performance but the emission test results (opacity) were higher than B20. B50 has a significant decrease in performance when compared to B20, but has the lowest opacity test results.
Development of an IoT-Based Smart Cane with Non-Invasive Health Monitoring for Elderly Care in Batam Putera, Dimas Akmarul; Adi, Roni; Kurniawan, Dwi Ely; Leman, Abdul Mutalib; Raynold, Raynold
Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30871/jaic.v9i5.11107

Abstract

The rapid growth of the elderly population requires assistive technologies that support mobility, health, and safety. This study presents the development of an IoT-based smart cane designed to enhance elderly independence and health monitoring in Batam, Indonesia. The prototype integrates non-invasive health sensors (MAX30102 for heart rate and SpO₂, MLX90614 for temperature, and a non-invasive glucose sensor), a GPS module, a mini-CCTV with two-way audio, and a solar-powered energy system, all controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller connected to the Blynk IoT platform. Ergonomic design was guided by anthropometric data of Indonesian elderly to ensure user comfort and usability. Experimental results demonstrated stable performance of the integrated modules. Heart rate values ranged from 86–103 BPM (mean 89.5 ± 6.2 BPM), blood glucose estimations from 110–112 mg/dL (mean 111 ± 0.9 mg/dL), and body temperature from 36.9–37.1 °C (mean 37.0 ± 0.1 °C), all of which aligned closely with clinical references. Oxygen saturation readings, however, averaged 89 ± 0.8%, slightly below the clinical norm (≥95%), highlighting the need for sensor calibration. Dynamic testing of the GPS module across a 500-meter route achieved positional accuracy within 3–5 meters, while the CCTV system successfully streamed live video but was dependent on WiFi stability.The novelty of this research lies in the unique combination of locally adapted ergonomic design, multi-sensor non-invasive health monitoring, two-way visual and audio communication, GPS tracking, and renewable energy integration within a single portable device. These contributions not only enrich IoT-based healthcare research but also provide practical solutions tailored to elderly care in Indonesia. Future work will focus on clinical-grade validation of sensors, extended field trials, and the integration of predictive analytics using Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic.
Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Crude Palm Oil Using a Custom Mini Pilot Plant Siang, Alan Ooi Lim; Leman, Abdul Mutalib; Feriyanto, Dafit; Abdulmalik, Samir Sani; Zakaria, Supaat
International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials Vol 6, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/ijimeam.v6i1.23734

Abstract

The widespread practice of reusing Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in hawker food stalls, often for multiple frying cycles, presents a significant public health concern due to the degradation of the oil, which can lead to the formation of toxic compounds. These practices not only pose health risks, such as increasing the potential for cardiovascular diseases and cancer, but also contribute to environmental pollution when the oil is improperly disposed of. This study seeks to address these issues by converting WCO, along with crude palm oil (CPO), into biodiesel using a custom-designed mini pilot plant. The biodiesel production process involved a two-step reaction. The first step, esterification, was conducted using a 55:100 alcohol-to-oil volume ratio with 1% by volume sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as the acid catalyst, at 60°C, with a reaction time of 30 minutes and a stirring speed of 800 rpm. The second step, transesterification, utilized a 6:1 alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, with 1 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the alkaline catalyst, carried out at 70°C over the course of one hour. These conditions were carefully selected to optimize the conversion efficiency and to minimize the free fatty acid content, which is crucial for achieving a high yield of biodiesel. The results demonstrated that the mini pilot plant is highly effective in producing biodiesel from both WCO and CPO. The study also led to the development of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the biodiesel production process, ensuring reproducibility and efficiency.
GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: BIO-FERTILIZER PRODUCTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE TO PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT Sidik, Muhamad Afifi Muhamad; Leman, Abdul Mutalib; Feriyanto, Dafit; Abdulmalik, Samir Sani; Zakaria, Supaat
International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials Vol 5, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/ijimeam.v5i3.23743

Abstract

This study addresses the pressing issue of municipal waste (MW) management by proposing an innovative approach to transform residential solid waste into a valuable resource using green technology. MW, sourced from diverse sectors, undergoes various disposal methods, including incineration, recycling, and landfilling. In Malaysia, the composition of MW aligns with global trends, with food waste and plastic being the predominant categories. This research focuses on producing fertilizer from residential solid waste through a green technology process, utilizing a sequential procedure involving high pressure, high temperature, and energized water to de-polymerize hemicellulose and lignin, followed by microbial enzymatic fermentation. The developed green technology introduces a novel apparatus designed for treating MW in a high-temperature, low-pressure rotating vessel using indirect heating with thermal fluid. The experimental protocol involves four batches of MW samples, evaluating the mass differential before and after the treatment process. Furthermore, a 7-week observation period assesses chili plant growth as an indicator of fertilizer effectiveness. Results indicate a significant 71% mass reduction of MW, amounting to 201.26 kg, emphasizing the efficacy of the developed process. The investigation extends to plant height, comparing MW-derived fertilizer with commercial fertilizer over a 5-week period. Remarkably, chili plants fertilized with MW-derived fertilizer exhibit a greater height of 8.6 cm, surpassing the 7.3 cm observed with commercial fertilizer. This study concludes that MW-derived fertilizer is highly recommended for enhancing plant growth and health in Malaysia, suggesting a sustainable production system. The research not only contributes to waste management but also aligns with broader goals of promoting environmentally conscious and sustainable agricultural practices, emphasizing the potential of green technology in addressing the challenges of municipal waste.
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Low-Emission Mobile Plastic Melting Machine for Sustainable Paving Block Production in Batam City Lawi, Ansarullah; Aranski, Alvendo Wahyu; Burhan, Rifa’atul Mahmudah; Hernando, Luki; Aritonang, Muhammad Adi Setiawan; Dermawan, Aulia Agung; Kurniawan, Dwi Ely; Leman, Abdul Mutalib
Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30871/jaic.v10i1.12044

Abstract

Plastic waste accumulation poses a severe environmental burden, particularly in urban and archipelagic regions where centralized treatment infrastructure is limited. While thermal processing offers a pathway for volume reduction and material recovery, inadequate temperature control frequently leads to uncontrolled combustion and the formation of hazardous air pollutants. This study addresses this gap by developing and experimentally validating a low-emission, IoT-enabled mobile plastic melting system designed for decentralized paving block production. The proposed system integrates real-time thermal sensing using a K-type thermocouple and an ESP32-based controller with a compact three-nozzle water spray filtration unit. The control architecture maintains the melting process at approximately 270 °C, thereby preserving polymer viscosity for molding while preventing temperature excursions beyond 300 °C that may initiate combustion and toxic by-product formation. The filtration module operates as a simplified wet scrubber, capturing airborne particulates and simultaneously cooling the exhaust stream. Experimental evaluations confirm that the integrated control–filtration framework achieves stable thermal regulation and substantial suppression of visible exhaust emissions. Under these conditions, molten plastic was consistently transformed into dense paving blocks with smooth surface morphology and without evidence of polymer degradation or charring. The results demonstrate that combining IoT-based thermal governance with low-cost water-spray emission control provides an effective and scalable alternative to open burning for community-level plastic waste recycling. This mobile platform enables environmentally safer conversion of plastic waste into value-added construction materials, offering a practical pathway toward decentralized circular-economy implementation in resource-constrained regions.
Co-Authors Abdulmalik, Samir Sani Adi, Roni Alvendo Wahyu Aranski Aritonang, Muhammad Adi Setiawan Aulia Agung Dermawan Burhan, Rifa’atul Mahmudah Dafit Feriyanto Dimas Akmarul Putera Dwi Ely Kurniawan Hadi Sutanto Hernando, Luki Lawi, Ansarullah Raynold, Raynold Setiawan, Yosua Siang, Alan Ooi Lim Sidik, Muhamad Afifi Muhamad Zakaria, Supaat