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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia Berdikari : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Statistik Indonesia Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions
Sukma, Weni Lidya
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Pengaruh Karakteristik Sosiodemografi Kepala Rumah Tangga dan Anak Terhadap Kecenderungan Anak Terlibat dalam Pekerjaan Berbahaya di Sektor Pertanian: Analisis Data SAKERNAS Sukma, Weni Lidya; Kadir, Kadir
Seminar Nasional Official Statistics Vol 2023 No 1 (2023): Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2023
Publisher : Politeknik Statistika STIS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2023i1.1586

Abstract

In the agricultural sector, children may be involved in hazardous work that requires physical labor and long hours. Our study used SAKERNAS’s data conducted in August 2022 to examine the effect of both household heads’ and children’s sociodemographic characteristics on the child probability working in agricultural hazardous jobs. Our study confirms the importance of household heads' level in preventing children from working in agriculture and/engaging in hazardous job activities. The results of multinomial logistic regression using marginal effects pointed out that the education level of household heads have a positive impact on reducing the likelihood of child labor in agriculture and engagement of children in hazardous agricultural jobs. We also found the probability of children being child labour in agriculture and get involved in hazardous jobs is larger in female-head household compared to male-head household. In addition, increasing educational participation among children can also reduce the likelihood of child labor.
DIGITAL ECONOMY CHALLENGE: HIDDEN EXPLOITATION OF CHILD LABOUR THROUGH THE USE OF DIGITAL DEVICES Sukma, Weni Lidya; Ruslan, Kadir
Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jcli.v4i2.252

Abstract

This study focuses on child labour working hours for children aged 5-14, utilising National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data collected in August 2023. Specifically, it examines the impact ofthe use of digital devices on the working hours for child labourers. Applying ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to the data, our findings indicate that digital tools increase working hours by 1.12 per week, even after controlling for various explanatory variables. This effect is particularly pronounced for child workers aged 12-14. Factors such as low levels of education and employment in the service sector were identified as contributors to extended working hours for child labour. However, digital tools and the internet have become essential for everyone, including children. Therefore, reducing child labour and working hours requires a multifaceted approach involving strengthening regulations, restoring disrupted children’s education, and enhancing overall well-being.
Does Government Agricultural Machinery Assistance Increase Paddy Yield? Impact Evaluation in West Java Province Using Propensity Score Matching Ruslan, Kadir; Sukma, Weni Lidya
Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Berdikari: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Statistik Indonesia (JESI)
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jesi.05.02.03

Abstract

Amidst a decade of increasing government agricultural machinery assistance, paddy yield in East Java, a major paddy-producing region in Indonesia, has stagnated, threatening the region's food security. This study evaluates the impact of such assistance on paddy yield. Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) on 2018 and 2021 National Cro-cutting Survey data, we found that, on average, government agricultural machinery assistance significantly increased paddy yield by 0.66 to 0.68 tons per hectare. However, the impact was greater in 2018 (0.9 tons per hectare) than in 2021 (0.14 tons per hectare), with the latter not statistically significant, likely due to the pandemic and the broader adoption of mechanization. OLS regression analysis further suggests that yield gains only occur when assistance aligns with farmers' needs. Our findings underscore the importance of a farmer-centric approach and strengthening farmer institutions to effectively manage the machinery assistance. Expanding mechanization to farmers who have not yet adopted it is also recommended.
Do the sticky floor and glass ceiling phenomena persist in the Indonesian labour force after the pandemic? Ruslan, Kadir; Sukma, Weni Lidya
Jurnal Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Indonesia Vol 14 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52813/jei.v14i2.567

Abstract

Our study aims to examine the evolution of gender wage gaps and their decomposition by employment status in Indonesia during the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods, using SAKERNAS data from 2018 to 2023. The OLS and RIF-OLS regression estimations reveal that gender wage gaps remained substantial throughout these periods. On average, female employees earned about 30 percent less than their male counterparts, which decreased to 23 percent after controlling for other wage-related characteristics. Notably, the gap is particularly pronounced among underemployed and low-paid workers, where female employees earn approximately 40 percent to 50 percent less than their male counterparts. Decomposition results using Blinder-Oaxaca and RIF-Oaxaca methods, both at the mean and across the wage distribution, pointed out that most of the gap is due to unexplained factors, confirming the persistence of the sticky floor and glass ceiling phenomena. This suggests ongoing negative discrimination against female employees in the Indonesian labor market. Among observable characteristics, working experience, tenure, and working hours significantly contributed to the wage gap, with women generally lagging behind men in these areas. However, women’s higher educational attainment, greater participation in the formal sector, access to training, and prevalence in white-collar jobs significantly helped reduce the wage gaps.
Co-Authors Kadir Kadir Ruslan, Kadir