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Pasang, Timotius
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Optimization of Particle Size and Addition of Vinasse Waste to Improve Characteristics of Rice Husk Charcoal Briquettes Santi, Sintha Soraya; Azzahra, Tsania Putri; Salfana, Dian Rizka; Pasang, Timotius
CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/cheesa.v7i1.19575.36-46

Abstract

Biobriquettes are a biomass fuel with high calorific value. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions for the particle size of husk charcoal and the addition of vinasse waste as an independent variable, using the Response Surface Methodology and the Central Composite Design (CCD) method on Design Expert 13 software. The sample mixed with tapioca starch (8:1), which acts as an adhesive, and add vinasse waste in 3, 6, 9, and 12 mL amounts. Carbonization process, which is then mashed and sieved according to particle sizes of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mesh. Then, the sample is mixed with tapioca starch as adhesive with the ratio of charcoal and adhesive 8:1 as well as vinasse waste in volumes of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mL. The resulting briquette samples were tested in the form of water content, ash content, and calorific value tests. The optimum conditions that have a significant effect on the response variable are the combination of particle size variables of 35.152 mesh and the volume of vinasse waste of 6.049 mL. The moisture content obtained was 6.696%., The ash content was 5.450%, and the calorific value was 5003.399 cal/g with a desirability value of 0.927 in the quadratic model.
Tribology Properties on 5W-30 Synthetic Oil with Surfactant and Nanomaterial Oxide Addition Puspitasari, Poppy; Permanasari, Avita Ayu; Warestu, Ayu; Arifiansyah, Gilang Putra Pratama; Pramono, Diki Dwi; Pasang, Timotius
Automotive Experiences Vol 6 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.10115

Abstract

This study analyzes the tribological properties of 5W-30 synthetic oil with the addition of surfactants and oxide nanomaterials. This research used SAE 5W-30 lubricant base material with the addition of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), and Hybrid Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) - Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials. The nano lubricants were synthesized using a two-step method by adding nanomaterials by 0.05% volume fraction, followed by 50 ml of 5W-30 synthetic oil and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant by 0.1%. Then, it was stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 20 minutes, followed by an ultrasonic homogenizer process for 30 minutes. Further, the nanolubricant was tested to identify its thermophysical properties, including density, dynamic viscosity, and sedimentation. It also underwent tribological testing, including wear, coefficient of friction, and surface roughness. Further, the nanomaterial was characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The morphological analysis using SEM suggested an irregular shape of the Al2O3 nanomaterial surface, while TiO2 has a spherical shape. Besides, phase identification with XRD testing showed corundum and anatase phases. Functional group analysis through the FTIR showedthe presence of Ti-O and Al-O. The highest density and viscosity results without surfactants were obtained in hybrid nanolubricant 779 kg/mm3 and 0.0579 Pa.s, while the use of surfactants resulted in 788.89 kg/mm3 of density and 0.0695 Pa.sviscosity. Tribological gray cast iron FC25 results in the best COF value observed in SAE 5W-30 + PVP-TiO2 lubrication (0.093). The lowest wear mass without surfactant was obtained in the Al2O3-TiO2 nanolubricant hybrid (0.02 grams), the lowest surface roughness in a mixture of PVP and TiO2 surfactants was 0.743 μm. Meanwhile, the surface morphology of gray cast iron FC25 with hybrid nanolubricant SAE 5W-30 (Al2O3-TiO2) and Nanolubricant SAE 5W-30+ (PVP-TiO2) produced the smoothest surface.
Co-Authors Arifiansyah, Gilang Putra Pratama Avita Ayu Permanasari Azzahra, Tsania Putri Pramono, Diki Dwi Rr. Poppy Puspitasari Salfana, Dian Rizka Santi, Sintha Soraya Warestu, Ayu