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All Journal MEKTEK Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Borneo Engineering: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) Paulus Civil Engineering Journal Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Tadulako
Andi Arham Adam
Universitas Tadulako
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Transportation

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HYBRID ANALYSIS OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL AND SITE ATTENUATION EFFECTS USING EMPIRICAL AND NONLINEAR NUMERICAL APPROACHES: A CASE STUDY OF RSU ANUTAPURA DURING THE 2018 PALU EARTHQUAKE Arzal M. Zain; Andi Arham Adam; Anwar M. Dolu
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Tadulako Vol 12 No 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Postgraduate Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/jstt.v12i1.1037

Abstract

The Palu earthquake of September 28, 2018 (Mw 7.5) triggered massive liquefaction that had a destructive impact on critical infrastructure, including the Anutapura General Hospital (RSU) Building. Conventional liquefaction potential evaluations generally rely on empirical procedures based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), which are effective in detecting early vulnerability (triggering). However, this method has a fundamental limitation because it is unable to generate dynamic surface acceleration time-histories for structural design. This research proposes an in-depth case study using a hybrid approach that combines empirical methods (Simplified Procedure) with 1D Non-Linear Site Response Analysis (NL-SRA). Computational modeling is developed in the OpenSees framework using the PressureDependMultiYield02 (PDMY02) constitutive model to simulate cyclic mobility and effective stress dissipation due to pore water pressure generation under undrained conditions. The analysis results on the soil profile of Anutapura General Hospital confirmed the occurrence of extreme liquefaction in shallow to medium sand layers (depth 5–31 m), which is characterized by a drastic decrease in the empirical Safety Factor (FS) to 0.49. Numerically, the NL-SRA model validates that the loss of shear stiffness in the liquefied layer triggers an attenuation (de-amplification) phenomenon of peak seismic acceleration at the surface, which is accompanied by an elongation of the dominant wave period. This study concludes that the integration of empirical methods and advanced non-linear constitutive models is absolutely necessary to capture the wave modification effects due to soil liquefaction, while producing realistic seismic demand as a precise basis for Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) analysis.
Co-Authors Anwar M. Dolu Arief Setiawan Arzal M. Zain Basri Basri Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan Dewi ayu setiawati I Nengah Suastika Khairil Anwar Mashuri Mashuri Medi Tikara Misel Boro Allo Moh. Iqbal Rasyid Mustofa Mustofa Rahmatang Rahman Rasyid, Moh. Iqbal Rufi'i Rustan Hatib Samnur . Sri Nur Akifa Suci Amalia Namira Wahidin Tikara, Medi Verucha, Novacharisma Vindiantri Wahidin, Suci Amalia Namira Yuli Asmi Rahman