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All Journal Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Majalah Biomorfologi (Biomorphology Journal)
Rachmawati Dwi Agustin
Brawijaya University
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Effectiveness of Providing Galoba (Hornstedtia sp.) Fruit Tea on Glutathione Peroxidase (Gsh-Px) Enzyme Activity in the Serum of Hyperglycemic Mice (Mus Musculus) Tuahena, Abdul; Agustin, Rachmawati Dwi; Qisthi, Dian
Majalah Biomorfologi 2026: MAJALAH BIOMORFOLOGI (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia is a pathological condition characterized by fasting blood glucose levels exceeding 100 mg/dL, leading to increased production of free radicals and reduced activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetes complications. Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) is a traditional herbal plant rich in flavonoids, recognized for its antioxidant properties. These characteristics mark the potential of the plant as a complementary therapy in reducing oxidative stress in hyperglycemia. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of galoba fruit tea on GSH-Px enzyme activity in the serum of hyperglycemic mice. Materials and Methods: This study used post-test-only control group design. As many as 24 male Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: KN (normal control), K− (negative control), K+ (positive control, receiving metformin 1.3 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups receiving galoba fruit tea at doses of 100 mg/kg BW (P1), 200 mg/kg BW (P2), and 300 mg/kg BW (P3). Hyperglycemia was induced with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg BW) for 5 days. We collected serum on day 22, and measured GSH-Px activity using a UV–Vis Spectrophotometer at 412 nm. Results: Administration of galoba fruit tea increased GSH-Px activity, with the highest mean value observed in the P1 group (38.08 U/mL), followed by P2 (36.11 U/mL) and P3 (20.74 U/mL). However, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Galoba fruit tea exhibits potential in enhancing GSH-Px enzyme activity in hyperglycemic mice, particularly at lower doses (100 mg/kg BW). This potential has demonstrated that galoba fruit tea can support endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms as a complementary strategy to manage hyperglycemia. Therefore, this study suggests optimizing dosage and evaluating long-term effects of the galoba fruit tea for further studies.
Comparison of the Castelli-II Index Between Normal Weight Obesity and Obese Medical Students Alimbran, Fadhilah Adawiyyah; de Lima, Filda Vionita Irene; Latuconsina, Vina Zakiah; Agustin, Rachmawati Dwi; Latief, Rahmi R.; Irwan
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.309

Abstract

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in Indonesia, with obesity recognized as a major risk factor. Excess body weight not only contributes to obesity but also alters lipid metabolism, thereby accelerating atherosclerosis. Interestingly, not all individuals with metabolic risk exhibit excess weight. This condition, termed normal weight obesity (NWO), describes individuals with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) but an elevated body fat percentage (men >25%, women >30%). One of the important predictors of cardiovascular risk is the Castelli-II Index, defined as the LDL/HDL ratio, which reflects the balance between atherogenic and protective lipoproteins. This study aimed to evaluate the Castelli-II Index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in individuals with NWO and obesity among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura. Methods. An analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. A total of 52 respondents were recruited, comprising 26 individuals with NWO and 26 with obesity. BMI and body fat composition were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA), while LDL and HDL levels were determined through direct enzymatic testing. Results. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the Castelli-II Index between the NWO and obesity groups (p = 0.235). Conclusion. In conclusion, despite differences in body composition, the Castelli-II Index did not significantly differ between students with NWO and those with obesity. Further studies with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to validate the role of the Castelli-II Index in predicting cardiovascular risk among young adults.
Co-Authors Alimbran, Fadhilah Adawiyyah de Lima, Filda Vionita Irene Dian Qisthi, Dian Irwan Latief, Rahmi R. Latuconsina, Vina Zakiah Tuahena, Abdul