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Amino Acids Isolation from α-keratin of Javanese Goat (Capra hircus) Hair and Garut Sheep (Ovis aries) Hair Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method as BCAA Supplement Firdaus, Dzikri Anfasa; Andrianto, Dimas; Darmawan, Noviyan
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 10, No. 1, May 2024
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v10i1.38146

Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair contain α-keratin, a protein that can be broken by hydrolysis to produce simpler amino acids. Feather waste generates millions of tons of α-keratin biomass originating from animal slaughterhouses, thereby raising health concerns. The utilization of acid hydrolysis is considered to be more cost-effective compared to enzymatic hydrolysis, and it provides a broader range of amino acid cleavage sites compared to enzymes, which exhibit specific cleavage. This study aimed to isolate amino acids from Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair through acid hydrolysis. The methods included hair sample preparation, acid hydrolysis used 6 M HCL at 110°C, reflux isolation, amino acid separation based on isoelectric pH 4.9 –5.4, functional groups analysis using FTIR, and analysis of amino acid content by HPLC methods. The results showed that the yield produced after isolation on Javanese goat hair samples was 0.92% and Garut sheep hair 0.32%, respectively. The FTIR spectrum showed amino acid functional groups in both samples, including carboxyl (COOH), amine (C-N primer), (C-S disulfide), and amide I (-CONH2). Successful breakdown of α-keratin proteins into simpler amino acids was achieved for Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair. Amino acid analysis of Javanese goat hair isolates revealed the presence of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, and arginine amino acids, respectively. The highest content was isoleucine at 0.60% w/w. In conclusion, the isolated amino acids from Javanese goat hair can be used as a halal supplement that serves as nutrition in the body.

Review of Secondary Metabolite Identification Methods and Antimicrobial Activities of Tubers in Indonesian Firdaus, Dzikri Anfasa; Wijayanti, Eka; Candraningrum, Roch Galih Saktya
Journal of Food and Agricultural Product Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): JFAP
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32585/jfap.v5i2.7256

The activity of inhibiting bacterial growth has been extensively studied from various natural materials in Indonesia. One part of plants which is contains active compounds that inhibit bacterial growth is local tubers such as gadung, sweet potatoes, porang, suweg, and several other types of tubers. The bacterial inhibitory secondary metabolite compounds contained in tubers like saponins, tannins, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. These compounds exhibit antibacterial activity in the form of inhibition zone diameters against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella sp. The 15% methanol extract of Angiotepris sp. tubers, containing flavonoid and phenolic compounds, exhibited the best inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus, measuring 28.4 mm. This article explains the differences in bacterial inhibition activity demonstrated by 13 types of tubers, with a total of 79 variations in extraction treatments, including the concentrations and solvents used. Keywords: antibacterial, secondary metabolites, tubers, inhibitors, inhibition zone

Sources of cysteine-based pharmaceutical drugs and their halal aspects in product development Firdaus, Dzikri Anfasa; Jihad, Fikri Hidayatul; Mursaha, Siti Inayah Majreha
Halal Studies and Society Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/hass.1.1.34-37

Indonesia is characterized by the largest Muslim population globally, showing the need for supplements and medicines consumed to be halal (permissible under Islamic law). In this context, cysteine is an essential amino acid crucial for biological functions in humans. It is used as a mucolytic agent to help thin mucus in respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cysteine also serves as a supplement or an antidote to acetaminophen for detoxification or to counteract paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, a commonly used drugs to relieve pain and reduce fever. Therefore, this research aims to comprehensively review sources of cysteine, production, and use in pharmaceuticals. This research also explores the opinions of scholars regarding halal aspects that need to be considered when developing pharmaceutical product containing cysteine. The methods used included searching through references of research obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, NCBI, Elsevier, the Qur'an, Hadiths, and other Islamic literature sources. The compound structures were visualized using the ChemSketch tool from ACD/Labs. The results showed that mucolytic and acetaminophen drugs, such as acetylcysteine, could be derived from both animal and plant sources through chemical and nonchemical separation processes. As a precursor of acetylcysteine synthesis, the permissibility of cysteine sourced from specific organs, such as pig hair, had different opinions among scholars. However, the prevailing opinions and fatwa tended to depend on prohibition, based on sources, process, and urgency of use.

Molecular Docking and Dynamics of Xylocarpus granatum as A Potential Parkinson’s Drug Targeting Multiple Enzymes Irsal, Riyan Alifbi Putera; Gholam, Gusnia Meilin; Firdaus, Dzikri Anfasa; Liwanda, Novian; Chairunisa, Fernanda
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v7i2.6810

Parkinson's disease is a global health challenge affecting over 10 million individuals worldwide, leading to increased disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and a rise in mortality rates. This study explores the potential anti-Parkinson's properties of Xylocarpus granatum, focusing on its interaction with key enzymes associated with the disease: catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B). Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches with YASARA Structure, the ethanol extract of X. granatum was investigated for its mechanism of action. Among 30 compounds, five demonstrated promising binding affinities. Structural flexibility analysis revealed minimal fluctuations in active-site residues, highlighting the stability of key complexes involving kaempferol, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and native ligands. Molecular Mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) simulations provided insights into the binding energy of these complexes. Notably, kaempferol exhibited higher binding energy than the natural ligand, suggesting superior binding affinity. Analysis of the average radius of gyration (Rg) showcased control drug-MAO-B exhibited higher Rg values, indicating a more flexible protein conformation. Confirming mode stability with root mean square deviation (RMSD) analysis shows overall stability, except in the A2AR-bound complex. The study's collective findings underscore the structural stabilization of ligand-protein complexes, contributing valuable insights into the potential anti-Parkinson's properties of X. granatum. These discoveries hold promise for developing more effective therapies for Parkinson's disease and significantly contribute to the neurology field.

Amino Acids Isolation from α-keratin of Javanese Goat (Capra hircus) Hair and Garut Sheep (Ovis aries) Hair Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method as BCAA Supplement Firdaus, Dzikri Anfasa; Andrianto, Dimas; Darmawan, Noviyan
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 10, No. 1, May 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v10i1.38146

Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair contain α-keratin, a protein that can be broken by hydrolysis to produce simpler amino acids. Feather waste generates millions of tons of α-keratin biomass originating from animal slaughterhouses, thereby raising health concerns. The utilization of acid hydrolysis is considered to be more cost-effective compared to enzymatic hydrolysis, and it provides a broader range of amino acid cleavage sites compared to enzymes, which exhibit specific cleavage. This study aimed to isolate amino acids from Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair through acid hydrolysis. The methods included hair sample preparation, acid hydrolysis used 6 M HCL at 110°C, reflux isolation, amino acid separation based on isoelectric pH 4.9 –5.4, functional groups analysis using FTIR, and analysis of amino acid content by HPLC methods. The results showed that the yield produced after isolation on Javanese goat hair samples was 0.92% and Garut sheep hair 0.32%, respectively. The FTIR spectrum showed amino acid functional groups in both samples, including carboxyl (COOH), amine (C-N primer), (C-S disulfide), and amide I (-CONH2). Successful breakdown of α-keratin proteins into simpler amino acids was achieved for Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair. Amino acid analysis of Javanese goat hair isolates revealed the presence of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, and arginine amino acids, respectively. The highest content was isoleucine at 0.60% w/w. In conclusion, the isolated amino acids from Javanese goat hair can be used as a halal supplement that serves as nutrition in the body.

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