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All Journal Jurnal Samudra Ekonomika Jurnal Sosiohumaniora Kodepena (JSK) Humantech : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Ekonomi Muqaddimah: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Bisnis Mesada: Journal of Innovative Research Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan
Rinaldi Syahputra
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Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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DEMOCRACY, EDUCATION, AND GENDER INEQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM PROVINCIAL PANEL DATA DYNAMICS Irfan; Maryana; Rinaldi Syahputra
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): December
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijebas.v5i6.5153

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of inclusive development at the provincial/district level in Indonesia by emphasizing the differences in the short-term and long-term influences of its determinants. This study uses panel data and applies the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) method. This method was chosen because it is able to accommodate differences in regional characteristics and varying degrees of variable integration. The estimation results show a stable long-term relationship between the democracy index in Indonesia and the explanatory variables, as indicated by the negative and significant error correction term coefficient . In the short term, gender inequality has a negative and significant effect on the democracy index, while economic participation has a positive and significant effect. The long-term results confirm that gender inequality is a structural obstacle to the democracy index, while economic participation is a key driver of increasing sustainable inclusive development at the regional level. Other social variables show relatively weaker effects, both in the short and long term. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of regional development policies oriented towards reducing gender inequality and strengthening economic participation as key strategies for boosting democracy in Indonesia. Methodologically, this study contributes to the literature by applying the ARDL Panel approach to the Indonesian subnational context, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of inclusive development across regions.
Co-Authors Adrisa Auldri Armen Sosialisa Sihotang Berutu, ALsantriyani Fithri Angelia Permana Furqan Maryana Miftah, Sajida MMSI Irfan ,S. Kom Mustafa, Fahdilla Nurjannah Nurjannah Nurjannah Nurlaila Hanum Puti Andiny Rini Hartini Safuridar Sarina Uly Shinta Wulan Dari Sihite, Anggun Teuku Al Ichsan Tri Meliniati Yani Rizal Yetti