Afizan Azman
Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka

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Measuring driver cognitive distraction through lips and eyebrows Afizan Azman; Mohd. Fikri Azli Abdullah; Sumendra Yogarayan; Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak; Hartini Azman; Kalaiarasi Sonai Muthu; Hani Suhaila
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 1: February 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp756-769

Abstract

Cognitive distraction is one of the several contributory factors in road accidents. A number of cognitive distraction detection methods have been developed. One of the most popular methods is based on physiological measurement. Head orientation, gaze rotation, blinking and pupil diameter are among popular physiological parameters that are measured for driver cognitive distraction. In this paper, lips and eyebrows are studied. These new features on human facial expression are obvious and can be easily measured when a person is in cognitive distraction. There are several types of movement on lips and eyebrows that can be captured to indicate cognitive distraction. Correlation and classification techniques are used in this paper for performance measurement and comparison. Real time driving experiment was setup and faceAPI was installed in the car to capture driver’s facial expression. Linear regression, support vector machine (SVM), static Bayesian network (SBN) and logistic regression (LR) are used in this study. Results showed that lips and eyebrows are strongly correlated and have a significant role in improving cognitive distraction detection. Dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) with different confidence of levels was also used in this study to classify whether a driver is distracted or not.
A Mini Review of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) for Vehicular Communication Sumendra Yogarayan; Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak; Afizan Azman; Mohd. Fikri Azli Abdullah
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 1: March 2021
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i1.2736

Abstract

In recent times, peer-to-peer (P2P) has evolved, where it leverages the capability to scale compared to server-based networks. Consequently, P2P has appeared to be the future distributed systems in emerging several applications. P2P is actually a disruptive technology for setting up applications that scale to numerous concurrent individuals. Thus, in a P2P distributed system, individuals become themselves as peers through contributing, sharing, and managing the resources in a network. In this paper, P2P for vehicular communication is explored. A comprehensive of the functioning concept of both P2P along with vehicular communication is examined. In addition, the advantages are furthermore conversed for a far better understanding on the implementation.