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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Selvakumar Manickam
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Proposed security mechanism for preventing fake router advertisement attack in IPv6 link-local network Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda; Selvakumar Manickam; Murtaja Ali Saare; Navaneethan C. Arjuman
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 29, No 1: January 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp518-526

Abstract

The design of router discovery (RD) is a trust mechanism to confirm the legitimacy of the host and router. Fake router advertisement (RA) attacks have been made possible by this RD protocol design defect. Studies show that the standard RD protocol is vulnerable to a fake RA attack where the host will be denied a valid gateway. To cope with this problem, several prevention techniques have been proposed in the past to secure the RD process. Nevertheless, these methods have a significant temporal complexity as well as other flaws, including the bootstrapping issue and hash collision attacks. Thus, the SecMac-secure router discovery (SecMac-SRD) technique, which requires reduced processing time and may thwart fake RA assaults, is proposed in this study as an improved secure RD mechanism. SecMac-SRD is built based on a UMAC hashing algorithm with ElGamal public key distribution cryptosystem that hides the RD message exchange in the IPv6 link-local network. Based on the obtained expected results display that the SecMac-SRD mechanism achieved less processing time compared to the existing secure RD mechanism and can resist fake RA attacks. The outcome of the expected results clearly proves that the SecMac-SRD mechanism effectively copes with the fake RA attacks during the RD process.
Long range technology for internet of things: review, challenges, and future directions Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda; Abeer Abdullah Alsadhan; Hamzah H. Qasim; Selvakumar Manickam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i6.5214

Abstract

New networking issues are presented by the increasing need for a wide variety of applications, which has spurred the creation of a new internet of things (IoT) paradigm, such as long range (LoRa). The LoRa protocol uses a patented kind of spread spectrum modulation to provide low-power, long-range communication. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of LoRa-IoT in terms of IoT applications, LoRa class, security and privacy requirements, and the evolution of LoRa technology. This review analysis and compares long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) to wireless technology (e.g., Bluetooth, LoRa, 5G, Sigfox, long term evolution-M (LTE-M), Wi-Fi, Z-wave, Zigbee) and provides a list of environment simulators (e.g., OMNeT++, MATLAB, ns-3, SimPy) to carry out experiment for LoRa-IoT. Finally, this review does not only review literature recently studied for LoRa-IoT but also discusses challenges and future directions.
Software defined networking for internet of things: review, techniques, challenges, and future directions Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda; Abeer Abdullah Alsadhan; Hamzah H. Qasim; Selvakumar Manickam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i1.6386

Abstract

Security networks as one of the biggest issue for network managers with the exponential growth of devices connected to the internet. Keeping a big and diverse network running smoothly and securely is no easy feat. With this in mind, emerging technologies like software defined networking (SDN) and internet of things (IoT) hold considerable promise for information service innovation in the cloud and big data era. Therefore, this paper describes the model of SDN and the architecture of IoT. Then this review does not only review the research studies in SDN-IoT but also provides an explanation of the SDN-IoT solution in terms of architecture, main consideration, model, and the implementation of SDN controllers for IoT. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions. This paper can be used as a starting point for thinking about how to improve SDN-IoT security and privacy.
Heterogeneous internet of things device interoperability using fog-based adaptive semantic mechanism Devamekalai Nagasundaram; Selvakumar Manickam; Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda; Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor; Ali A. Yassin; Shankar Karuppayah
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 3: November 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i3.pp819-836

Abstract

With the rapid growth of heterogeneous internet of things (IoT) ecosystems, insufficient semantic interoperability caused by non-uniform communication protocols, data formats, and semantic representations has become a core challenge in the field. Existing cloud-based, static ontology schemes have defects including high latency, large overhead, and poor adaptability. This paper proposes the dynamic semantic fog (DSF) framework, which performs semantic processing at the fog layer to achieve real-time interoperability. The framework integrates four core modules: workload offloading, resource description framework (RDF) generation, semantic representation, and adaptive ontology expansion. It supports dynamic access to newly added IoT devices. Tests were completed using iFogSim in a smart city traffic scenario. Compared with traditional cloud solutions, the framework reduces latency, energy consumption, and network usage rate by 51.7%, 41.3%, and 55.6% respectively, and can support dynamic semantic interoperability for heterogeneous IoT environments.
A review of intelligent task scheduling models for fog computing in large-scale internet of things networks Sababathy Palanisamy; Erum Ashraf; Selvakumar Manickam; Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor; Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda; Shankar Karuppayah
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 3: November 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i3.pp777-795

Abstract

The rapid growth of internet of things (IoT) applications has generated an urgent demand for efficient task scheduling mechanisms that feature low latency, scalability, and resource awareness. While fog computing can meet this demand by extending computing and storage resources to the vicinity of data sources, it still confronts four core challenges: resource heterogeneity, dynamic workloads, mobility, and security constraints. To address these issues, this study conducts a systematic review of intelligent task scheduling for fog-enabled IoT systems. It classifies the included eligible studies into five scheduling paradigms, and innovatively proposes a cross-domain framework that integrates three types of awareness, including priority awareness. The subsequent work of this study will sort out the core strengths and limitations of existing relevant methods. Finally, open challenges and emerging research directions, including edge artificial intelligence (AI), federated learning, blockchain-assisted scheduling, and hardware-accelerated implementations are discussed. The findings provide useful guidance for developing scalable, secure, and adaptive scheduling frameworks for next-generation fog-enabled IoT systems.
Co-Authors Abdijalil Abdullahi Abeer Abdullah Alsadhan Adnan Hasan Bdair Alghuraibawi Ali A. Yassin Ali Hakem Alsaeedi Devamekalai Nagasundaram Erum Ashraf Esraa Saleh Alomari Fu Zijie Hamzah H. Qasim Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Murtaja Ali Saare Navaneethan C. Arjuman Riyadh Rahef Nuiaa Riyadh Rahef Nuiaa Rosni Abdullah Sababathy Palanisamy Shankar Karuppayah Zaid Abdi Alkareem Alyasseri