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All Journal Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Anjali Vagga
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Public Health

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Glycated Haemoglobin- Recent Developments and Review on Non-Glycemic Variables Lata Kanyal Butola; Ranjit Ambad; Deepika Kanyal; Anjali Vagga
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14322

Abstract

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the current tool for monitoring glycemic control once a diagnosis ofdiabetes is established. Its role in the diagnosis of diabetes has only recently come to attention. In the past,many international organizations have discussed the role of HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes and rejectedthis application as appropriately DCCT-aligned assays were not used or available globally. Consideringthe high biological variability, the dynamics of glucose, as well as the limitations of blood glucosemonitoring technology, at that time, the possibility of obtaining an integrated average glycemia value bythe measurement of a single biomarker elicited immense interest and provided a powerful tool in bothdiabetes research and clinical management. HbA1c testing was soon facilitated by the development of a newanalytical methodology that was suitable for use in clinical laboratories. However, a consensus statement in2007 on assays used to report HbA1c has now further strengthened the case for a change in the diagnosisof diabetes. Using HbA1c as a screening or diagnostic tool has some logistical advantages over traditionalglucose testing (either oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] or fasting plasma glucose [FPG]). Patients canpresent for a relatively quick test in a non-fasted state at any point of the day, allowing more scope foropportunistic screening. HbA1c assay readings are less prone to recent influences of physical or emotionalstress and provide an indication of longer term glycemic control spanning the last 2–3 months. Owing tosuch logistical advantages there are calls for HbA1c to become the preferred diagnostic tool over glucosetests. Performing the HbA1c test regularly allows the assessment of glycemic control and verification of theefficacy of medication treatment and of education for self-care. It is estimated that 33% to 49% of peoplewith DM2 cannot achieve adequate goals for glucose, blood pressure, or lipid profile control and only 14%reach normal parameters in these measurements.
Recent Updates in Female Infertility: A Short Review of Literature Lata Kanyal Butola; Ranjit Ambad; Anjali Vagga
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14326

Abstract

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse. It has been estimatedthat 93% of healthy couples practicing unprotected intercourse should except to conceive within 1 year.Females presenting after this time should therefore be regarded as possibly infertile and should be evaluated.Although infertility is considered by some as primarily a woman’s problem, men often contribute to and arealso affected. Infertility problem often arise as a result of hormonal dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis. Human infertility is a complex problem, which has numerous consequences depending on thesociety and cultural background, age, hormone problems, environmental problem, gender, lifestyle, sexualhistory, of the people it affects. Infertility is a global public health concern this is partly due to its complexityin etiology as well as difficulty in preventing, diagnosing and treating it.
Co-Authors Deepika Kanyal Lata Kanyal Butola Ranjit Ambad