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STUDI PENETAPAN KADAR LOSARTAN DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI DAN HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) SERTA APLIKASINYA PADA TRANSPOR TRANSDERMAL in vitro Annas Binarjo; Achmad Kharis Nugroho
Pharmaciana Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.592 KB) | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v3i1.417

Abstract

The development of drug delivery system needs a usefull determination method ofdrug in many kind of samples. This research was purposed to develop a determinationmethod of losartan, an angiotension receptor antagonist II, from the sample of in vitrotransdermal transport. Three methods were studied, i.e. normal spectrophotometric, 1stderivative spectrophotometric, and HPLC. The spectrophotometric method wasconducted using Spectrophotometer Shimadzu tipe UV 1700 controlled by UV Probesoftware (Shimadzu), while HPLC method was performanced by Shimadzu HPLCcontrolled by LC Solution software (Shimadzu). Lichrospher RP 18 250-4 (5 µm) wasused as stationary phase and acetonitril-acetic buffer 0,01 M pH 4 (60:40) was used asmobile phase. Chromatogram was recorded using UV 223 nm and 254 nm as adetector. Some parameters of determination method performance were calculated, i.e.LOD, LOQ, recovery, systemic error, and random error. The results shown thatspectrofotometric methods did not have an enough performance parameters to use intransdermal transport of losartan, while HPLC method had LOD and LOQ 27,329 and91,098 ng/ml using UV 223 nm as detector and 36,178 and 120,590 ng/ml using UV 254nm as detector. Detector UV 223 nm was selected. This HPLC method had recovery106,405% and random error 3,71%, and could be used to determine the losartanconcentration in sample from transdermal transport in vitro.
Faktor Penentu Permeasi Transdermal:Tinjauan Berdasarkan Hukum Fick I Binarjo, Annas
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 9, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery may be an alternative to overcome the problems of oral administration, such as fluctuations drugconcentration in the blood. Only several drugs have a good transdermal permeation ability, thus some efforts are needed to improve it. Transdermal permeation follows pasive diffusion mechanism. Therefore, Fick Law I must be concidered in improving transdermal permeation of the drug. This review aims to determine the factors associated with the transdermal permeation based on Fick's law I. Chemical compounds to enhance transdermal permeation (Chemical penetration enhancers) can be used to increase the diffusion coefficient (D), the partition coefficient (k), the rate of drug in the donor compartment (Cd), membrane thickness (h), and extensive contact of drug with the skin (S).
Improvement of Losartan Transdermal Permeation using Oleic Acid Pretreatment: in Vitro Observation and in Vivo Prediction Binarjo, Annas; Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The effect of oleic acid on losartan transdermal permeation has been observed to explore its ability as chemical enhancer. Potassium losartan solutions in citric buffer pH 5.0 were made in two levels of concentration i.e. 2 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL using propylene glycol 15% as solubilizing agent. Losartan transport from such solutions with and without oleic acid one hour pretreatment were tested using male Wistar rat skin as a membrane for 30 hours in vertical diffusion sel. The transport profiles were analyzed based on the lag time diffusion method. It is showed that oleic acid pretreatment did not effect on losartan permeation rate and efficiency of 2 mg/mL potassium losartan concentration. However, such pretreatment enhanced losartan permeation rate and efficiency 21 and 23-fold higher respectively for 10 mg/mL the potassium losartan concentration. It is predicted that losartan minimum effective plasma concentration can be achieved in transdermal administration through this transport improvement in normal application area.
Development of detection method for carcinogenic compounds using radish seeds Raphanus sativus, L via measuring the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity Nuri Ari Efiana; Mulyadi Mulyadi; Annas Binarjo
Pharmaciana Vol 13, No 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.27733

Abstract

Convincing data regarding carcinogenic substances is very useful for handling materials correctly to avoid exposure to cancer-triggering substances in the body. To collect as much carcinogen data as possible, low-requirement carcinogen detection setups need to be developed. In this study, the first steps in the development of carcinogen detection through functional protein expression assessment are reported. Hydrazine sulfate, one of the well-known carcinogens chosen as a model material, was tested on germinating seeds of Raphanus sativus, L, with various concentrations, namely 0 (control), 1 mM, 10 mM, and 100 mM. Within a predetermined germination time, seeds and/or sprouts were observed and germination rate, protein concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. The results showed that hydrazine sulfate slowed seed germination, and increased 72-h protein concentration but decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in the control group. This suggests that changes in alkaline phosphatase activity in seeds during germination have the potential to be a marker for cancer. In this research, it can be concluded that the method used can be applied as a first step to prove the carcinogenicity of a compound.
Application of vegetable oils as pharmaceutical ingredient: the impact of liquid lipid type on the characteristics of nanostructured lipid carrier Binarjo, Annas; Ernidawati; Khotimah, Khusnul; Wahyuningsih, Iis; Efiana, Nuri Ari
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.30281

Abstract

Recently, drug encapsulation using a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) has gained attention in formulation studies due to its high loading capacity and prevent drug expulsion during storage. Drug loading capacity is mainly affected by lipid type and composition, especially liquid lipids. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the potential of avocado oil as a liquid lipid of NLC replacing pure oleic acid. All components including oil, glyceryl monostearate, Tween 20®, and Span 60® were processed to NLC by solvent injection method. The colloidal characteristics of NLC dispersion in water and 20 mM PBS pH 7 were determined, including transmittance, particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, loading capacity (LC), and loading efficiency (LE) of capsanthin in NLC. The results showed that NLC containing oleic acid (Fola) and avocado oil (Favo) dispersion in PBS exhibited a similar transmittance and zeta potential of 69-74% and -51 to -58 mV, respectively, whereas the particle size and size distribution of Favo were significantly higher than Fola. Moreover, the 1.3-fold higher LC and LE of Favo compared to Fola was insignificant (p>0.05).   Additionally, the Tween 20® and Span 60® ratio of Favo should be improved to obtain an ideal particle size and size distribution as in Fola.  In conclusion, avocado oil indicated the potential to be utilized as a liquid lipid of NLC formulation regarding zeta potential and drug loading. However, the surfactant composition should be adjusted to reduce the particle size of the NLC, leading to permeability enhancement in delivery, particularly oral administration.
Formulasi Emulgel Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) sebagai Sediaan Penyembuh Luka Bakar Monika, Tika; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani; Binarjo, Annas
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1: Maret 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v12i1.3026

Abstract

Luka bakar merupakan suatu bentuk kerusakan atau kehilangan jaringan yang disebabkan kontak dengan sumber panas seperti api, air panas, bahan kimia, listrik, dan radiasi. Asam linoleat dan β-sitosterol merupakan senyawa aktif yang ditemukan didalam minyak biji bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) yang mempunyai aktivitas dalam penyembuhan luka bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik emulgel dan efek konsentrasi minyak biji bunga matahari pada sediaan emulgel terhadap aktivitas penyembuhan luka. Pada tahapan awal, minyak biji bunga matahari diidentifikasi kandungan β-sitosterol (menggunakan KLT) dan kandungan asam linoleatnya (menggunakan GS-MS). Selanjutnya minyak diformulasikan dalam emulgel dengan berbagai konsentrasiminyak biji bunga matahari yaitu F1 (3%), FII (5%), dan F III(10%). Krimdievaluasi sifat fisik meliputi pH, daya lekat, kemampuan proteksi, dan daya sebar; serta daya penyembuh luka bakar denganhewan uji marmut. Pembuatan luka bakar dilakukan dengan menggunakan solder yang telah dimodifikasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji statistika ANOVA dan LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.  Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan emulgel minyak biji bunga matahari dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak biji bunga matahari, semakin tinggi aktivitasnya terhadap penyembuhan luka, serta daya sebar dan daya lekatnya.