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Maula Al Farisi
Medical Faculty University of Lampung
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Rakhitis: Tinjauan Pustaka Helmi Ismunandar; Rani Himayani; Maula Al Farisi
Medula Vol 10 No 4 (2021): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v10i4.163

Abstract

Vitamin D and calcium are important nutrients in bones. Bone growth and mineralization are dependent on the availability of adequate calcium and phosphate. Due to the lack of mineralization in the bone plates it causes rickets. Rickets is the most common bone disease worldwide and became known in 1650’s when it first appeared in Europe. Rickets can have a profound impact on the health, growth and development of infant’s, children’s and adolescent’s which can result in death or persistence to adult. Rickets is a metabolic disease of the bones, that is often associated with vitamin D deficiency and decreased circulating calcium storage, mainly due to a lack of bone capacity to absorb the calcium. Usually people with rickets have a short stature and have joint disorders. There are several types of rickets, such as rickets type-1 and type-2 that depend on vitamin D (but in type-2 rickets involves a genetic disorder related to the FGF23 gene), renal rickets due to decreased of kidney function, rickets hypocalcemia caused by deficiency of calcium, and hypophosphatemic rickets caused by deficiency of phosphate. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history, physical examination, radiological examination and biochemical tests.
Fibromyalgia: Tinjauan Pustaka Maula Al Farisi; Muhartono; Anggi Setiorini; M. Praditia Ansor
Medula Vol 11 No 1 (2021): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v11i1.184

Abstract

Musculoskeletal chronic pain is characterized by pain and loss of function in the joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, and or muscles lasting for greater than equal to three months. There are several diseases caused by rheumatic disorders that have been identified, such as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia. However, until now, chronic rheumatic disorders have become a world problem, namely “fibromyalgia”. Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by generalized chronic musculoskeletal pain, hyperalgesia in specific points and psychosomatic symptoms, such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction, headache, and gastrointestinal disorders. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the world is higher in women than in men, which is between 2,4% to 6,8% with the ratio between women and men is 2:1. The etiology of fibromyalgia is idiopathic, but it is suspected that psychosocial factors play a role in the development of fibromyalgia. Currently, the diagnose of fibromyalgia can only be made by a comprehensive clinical examination according to the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria. Therapy of fibromyalgia requires an optimal approach to the success of treatment. Therapies that can be done in patients with fibromyalgia include pharmacological therapy, complement therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychotherapy and physical therapy.
Co-Authors Anggi Setiorini Helmi Ismunandar M. Praditia Ansor Muhartono Rani Himayani