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Lingkaran Kekerasan terhadap Anak dalam Masyarakat Manggarai Lon, Yohanes Servasius; Widyawati, Fransiska
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Missio Vol 9 No 1 (2017): Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Missio
Publisher : STKIP Santu Paulus Ruteng

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Penelitian inimengeksplorasi lingkaran kekerasan terhadap anak di dalam masyarakat Manggarai dengan pertanyaan kunci,bagaimana kecenderungan fenomena kekerasan terhadap anak dan apakah akar masalah dari fenomena tersebut?Pertanyaan ini dijawab melalui penelitian mix method, kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa:secara kuantitatif angka kejadian kekerasan terhadap anak sangatlah tinggi pada setiap jenis kekerasan yang ada.Pelakunya adalah orang dewasa yang akrab dengan kehidupan anak. Pelaku umumnya pernah mengalami traumakekerasan di masa kecilnya. Karena itu ada mata rantai dan pewarisan kekerasan dari generasi ke generasi. Hal inimakin diperkuat oleh tradisi Manggarai yang memposisikan anak sebagai objek orang dewasa.

MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KESADARAN AKAN HUKUM KANONIK GEREJA KATOLIK BAGI UMAT DI KEUSKUPAN RUTENG, MANGGARAI Yohanes Servatius Lon
Randang Tana - Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 2 No 1 (2019): Randang Tana - Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Unika Santu Paulus Ruteng

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36928/jrt.v2i1.274

Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran akan Hukum Kanonik Gereja Katolik bagi Umat di Keuskupan Ruteng, Manggarai. Kitab Hukum Kanonik (KHK) adalah kitab hukum Gereja yang mengatur pedoman hidup bersama iman umat dalam membangun bonum communae (kesejahteraan bersama). Di dalam kitab ini diatur hak dan kewajiban setiap umat beriman, peran dan tanggung jawab serta aturan-aturan untuk tata ibadah. Kitab hukum ini juga mengatur bantuan hukum dan bantuan pastoral bagi umat yang bermasalah atau memiliki kasus hukum dalam relasinya dengan sesama umat, dengan Gereja. Kitab ini juga memuat sanksi-sanksi bagi umat yang melakukan pelanggaran atau tidak setia terhadap kewajiban-kewajibannya. Pengetahuan tentang KHK yang baik dan memadai akan membantu umat hidup beragama Katolik dengan baik dan mengenal jalan keluar terhadap konflik-konflik yang dialami. Karena pengetahuan umat di Keuskupan Ruteng mengenai KHK sangat minim dan terbatas maka perlu dilakukan program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran mereka akan KHK. Program ini dilakukan dengan 6 pendekatan: liturgis, kerygmatis, hukum, budaya, pedagogis, dan pendekatan personal. Program ini dilakukan dengan dua kurun waktu yakni jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Keduanya mengacu pada modul yang disusun oleh tim PkM. Hasilnya, ada perubahan pengetahuan dan kesadaran bagi umat yang terlibat di dalam kegiatan ini. Dengan menguatnya literasi umat dalam bidang hukum, maka umat sudah mulai menyadari tindakan yang harus mereka lakukan jika mereka terkait kasus-kasus hukum Gereja. Kendati demikian, karena pendidikan bersifat seumur hidup, maka kendati sudah dilakukan sejumlah kegiatan PkM pada waktu lalu, namun kegiatan ini tidak boleh berhenti. Ia harus terus menerus diprogramkan lagi sebagai suatu program edukasi yang berkelanjutan.

PROGRAM KPPK DI KEUSKUPAN RUTENG SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN PASUTRI AKAN HAKIKAT PERKAWINAN KATOLIK Yohanes S. Lon
Randang Tana - Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol 3 No 1 (2020): Randang Tana - Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Unika Santu Paulus Ruteng

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36928/jrt.v3i1.292

For Catholics, marriage is a divine calling of God. Marriage is one of the seven sacraments within the Church. It is the symbol of the God’s salvation. Through marriage a husband and a wife can experience the salvation of God. Both of them also has functioned to reveal the God’s grace, salvation and blessings for each other. The Catholic Church also consider a family as a a mini or small church. A mommitment to marry in Catholic ways is beautiful but not an easy decision. A couple may face challenges and problems. In order to increase of the couples’ understanding of Catholic Marriage and to strengthen them to cope with various marrietal problems, the Local Catholic Church of Ruteng Diocese provides an Course on Preparation of Catholic Marriage to the future couples who want to marry in Catholic Church. This articles aims at describing on how the program is planned, implemented and the expected result after joinging the course. This program is a way to educate and to rise the awareness of the couple about the Catholic marriage. It is considered useful. However, it would be better if it is run in more professional way. Moreover, this program should be added with continous other activities such as pastoral of marriage and marriage counceling. It is also an urgent to have marriage crisis centre that helps the couples who have problems of marriage.

Adaptasi dan Transformasi Lagu Adat dalam Liturgi Gereja Katolik di Manggarai Flores Yohanes S Lon; Fransiska Widyawati
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.45244

Manggarai, a community in Flores, Eastern Indonesia is known for its rich culture of folk songs with unique rhythm and lyrics. There are various types of folk songs for different purposes such as traditional chants, harvest celebrations, lamentation of the dead, war anthems, children songs, and other profane functions. When European missionaries started Catholic evangelization in Manggarai in the beginning of the 20th century, many of these folk songs were prohibited due to their use in rituals deemed idolatry. However, some missionaries saw the potential of folk songs for evangelization and empowered local artists to arrange Catholic liturgical songs based on these traditional songs. Eventually, many folk songs were adapted and transformed into Catholic hymns. This paper explores this irony through socio-historical research to understand the relationship dynamics between the Catholic Church and the Manggaraian culture. This research has discovered that there is a dialectical encounter between Catholicism and the Manggaraian culture which has shaped a unique identity of the Catholic Church in Manggarai

KASUS ABORSI DAN PEMBUANGAN BAYI SEBAGAI KEPRIHATINAN GEREJA DAN IMPERATIF EDUKATIFNYA BAGI DUNIA PENDIDIKAN Yohanes S. Lon
JIPD (Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): JIPD (Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar)
Publisher : PGSD UNIKA SANTU PAULUS RUTENG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36928/jipd.v4i1.296

The disposal of infants and criminal provocatus abortion committed by students have been a concern of the Manggarai community today. According to Indonesian state law and the teachings of the Church, the two acts violate the law, norms and ethics in society and religion. These actions result in eliminating lives that are believed to originate from God. This research found that they are caused by free sex behavior, lack of sexual education and lack of pro-life culture and pro-life education. Therefore, this article recommends that educational institutions and religious institutions, especially Catholic religions should be more active in promoting sexual education for adolescents, building a pro-life culture for the whole community and developing effective pastoral care. Churches and educational institutions should not only function to provide social, religious and educational sanctions, but mainly to become institutions that are present in the suffering and anxiety of young people who are entangled in problems. By doing such things, the disposal of infants and abortion cases are expected to be reduced or lost.

The Legality of Marriage According to Customary, Religion and State Laws: Impacts on Married Couples and Children in Manggarai Yohanes S Lon
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jdh.2019.19.2.2429

This study explores the complexity of marriage for people in Manggarai. Since they are citizens of the cultural community of Manggarai, Indonesian citizens, and members of a Catholic community, their marriage is required to follow the provisions of customary law, religious law, and state law. Using a library and ethnographic approaches, the study compares these laws on the legality of marriage and analyzes their differences and the impacts on the rights and obligations of married couples and children born to the couple. The study discovered that the differences in the provisions regarding the validity of a marriage between the three laws have provided space for the emergence of legal uncertainty and discriminatory treatment of customary marriages which are not legalized by religious law and state law as well as marriages that are divorced civilly but are still valid according to Catholic rules. Such a phenomenon is certainly a portrait of failure or incompetence in the attempt to unify marriage law in Indonesia through Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. So it is urgent to have a more comprehensive new law that accommodates the wisdom of local customary law and provides protection for every citizen

PERKAWINAN TUNGKU CU (CROSS-COUSIN MARRIAGE) DI MANGGARAI: ANTARA ADAT DAN AGAMA Yohanes S Lon
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v7i1.14237

Abstract:The Manggarai people in Flores have various types of marriage. One of them is “tungku cu” (cross-cousin) marriage. In this model of marriage, a daughter of a brother can marry a son of the sister. So the couple is the two biological cousins. This local tradition considered this marriage as an ideal type. It is believed to strengthen the kinship and to keep the family inheritance, properties and assets from transferring to other clans. But by the coming of religions to this region, especially Catholicism that has become the major religion entire the area, this marriage is called into question. The Catholic Church law strictly forbids this marriage for health reason and for its closeness on the social relations. The Catholic Church will not legalize such kind of marriage. The couples have to ask for dispensation to get the legality of marriage. The process may long and difficult to get the dispensation. This is a controversy. This article aims to explore the tungku cu (cross cousin) marriage in Manggarai. Using a field and literature approach, this study found that despite the controversy, many families still support the model of marriage. This lead them to difficulties in having legal rights of marriage both according to the Church and the state. However, after years, the Church will offer them dispensation by which the couple could have legal status of their marriage. Dispensation has functioned as a negortiation between local culture and religion.Keywords: Cross-cousin, Local Tradition, Marriage, Dispensation, Catholic Church, Manggarai Abstrak:Orang Manggarai mengenai aneka jenis perkawinan. Salah satunya adalah perkawinan tungku cu atau cross-cousin marriage. Dalam model perkawinan ini, anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki dapat menikah dengan anak laki-laki dari saudari. Jadi yang menikah adalah dua sepupu kandung. Perkawinan ini dalam tradisi lokal dianggap ideal. Perkawinan ini memperkuat hubungan kekerabatan serta dipercaya dapat menjaga supaya harta tidak berpindah ke clan lain. Namun dengan datangnya agama-agama di wilayah ini,, khususnya agama Katolik sebagai agama mayoritas, perkawinan ini dipertanyakan. Hukum Gereja dengan tegas melarang perkawinan ini dengan alasan biologis yaitu dapat membayakan kesehatan bagi keturunan yang dilahirkan dan mempersempit relasi sosial. Olehnya Gereja tidak memberikan legalitas bagi pasangan tungku cu, kecuali dengan sebuah dispensasi yang tidak mudah didapatkan. Hal ini menjadi kontroversi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendalami perkawinan tungku cu pada masyarakat Manggarai ditinjau dari perspektif hukum perkawinan Gereja Katolik. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kendatipun kontroversial, masih banyak keluarga masih mendukung perkawinan model ini. Maka dispensasi mau tidak mau menjadi negosiasi dan jalan keluar untuk menyatukan agama dan adat lokal.Kata Kunci: Cross-cousin, adat, perkawinan, dispensasi, hukum Gereja Katolik, Manggarai

Customary Law Before Religion and State Laws Regarding Marriage In Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia Yohanes S Lon; Fransiska Widyawati
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol 9, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v9i1.16510

This article explores the position of customary law before state law and Catholic religious law regarding marriage in Mangggarai, Flores, Indonesia. This study applied a critical analytic approach. This study found that the legal position of Manggarai adat concerning marriage is weaker and tends to be marginalized. It happened because state law explicitly Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage merely accepting the legality of marriage based on religious law and not customary law. Meanwhile, religious law, in this case, Catholicism, does not provide space for customary law in matters of marital legality. As a result, many married couples who have been bound their marriage according to customary law experienced injustice as their marriage was considered illegitimate according to religious and state law. However, this research found many positive contributions of customary law to the process, legality, and integrity of marriage. Therefore, this study recommends that the Indonesian Marriage Law and Catholic Religious Law need to accommodate customary law in marriage, taking into account human rights and justice principles. Both laws need to be revised so that they can place local customary law in an equal position.Keywords: Marriage; Manggarai; Customary law; Religious law; State law Hukum Adat di hadapan Hukum Agama dan Negara Tentang Pernikahan Di Manggarai, Indonesia Timur AbstrakArtikel ini mengeskplorasi posisi hukum adat di hadapan hukum negara dan hukum agama Katolik mengenai perkawinan di Mangggarai, Flores, Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan kritikal analisis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa posisi hukum adat Manggarai berkaitan degan perkawinan lebih lemah dan cenderung dipinggirkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh karena hukum negara, khususnya UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan hanya menerima legalitas perkawinan berdasarkan hukum agama dan bukan hukum adat. Sementara itu hukum agama, dalam hal ini agama Katolik, tidak memberi ruang kepada hukum adat dalam urusan legalitas perkawinan. Akibatnya banyak pasangan yang menikah legal secara hukum adat mengalami ketidakadilan karena dianggap tidak sah menurut hukum agama dan negara. Padahal penelitian ini menemukan banyak kontribusi positif hukum adat terhadap proses, legalitas dan keutuhan perkawinan. Karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan agar UU Perkawinan RI dan Hukum Agama Katolik perlu mengakomodir hukum adat di dalam perkawinan, dengan memperhatikan prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia dan keadilan. Kedua hukum tersebut perlu direvisi agar bisa menempatkan hukum adat lokal pada posisi yang sejajar. Kata Kunci: Perkawinan; Manggarai; Hukum Adat; Hukum Agama; Hukum Negara Обычное право перед правом религии и государства относительно брака в Мангарае, Восточной Индонезии АннотацияВ этой статье исследуется положение обычного права перед правом государства и католической религией в отношении брака в Мангарае, Флорес, Индонезия. В этом исследовании применен критическо-аналитический подход. Это исследование показало, что правовое положение обычного права в Мангарае в отношении брака слабее и имеет тенденцию к маргинализации. Это связано с тем, что право государства, особенно Закон № 1 от 1974 года о браке, признает законность брака только на основе религиозного, а не обычного права. Между тем религиозное право, в данном случае католицизм, не уступает обычному праву в вопросах законности брака. В результате, многие пары, состоящие в законном браке в соответствии с обычным правом, сталкиваются с несправедливостью, поскольку считаются незаконными в соответствии с религиозными правами и правами государства. Фактически, это исследование обнаружило множество положительных вкладов обычного права в процессе, законности и целостности брака. Таким образом, в данном исследовании рекомендуется, чтобы индонезийскиое право о браке и католическое религиозное право учитывали нормы обычного права в браке с учетом прав человека и принципов справедливости. Оба права необходимо пересмотреть, чтобы уравнять местное обычное право с религиозным.Ключевые Слова: брак; Мангарай; обычное право; религиозное право; государственное право

Bride-Wealth: Is There Respect for Women in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia? Yohanes Servatius Lon; Fransiska Widyawati
Humaniora Vol 30, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study explores the perspective of women in Manggarai, Flores Island in Indonesia, and the communaltraditional concept of bride-wealth as a symbol of respect for women. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing forty women, both married and unmarried. The respondents were asked their opinion regarding their imagination about bride-wealth and its influence on their courtship, engagement, wedding, and married life. The results indicated the presence of a gap between the social imagination of bride-wealth and the women’s true experience. Most respondents stated how bride-wealth had strained their relationship and become a source of worry. The study therefore argues that bride-wealth as a sign of respect for women in Manggarai is merely a social imagination ingrained into the women’s expectations. The study also indicates that education has changed the status of women and enables them to be independent.

Food and Local Social Harmony: Pork, Communal Dining, and Muslim-Christian Relations in Flores, Indonesia Yohanes S. Lon; Fransiska Widyawati
Studia Islamika Vol 26, No 3 (2019): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

This study explores the relations between Catholics and Muslims in Manggarai based on their different perspectives on pork being served in communal dining settings. Pigs carry significant meaning for people in Manggarai as a sacrificial animal, a symbol of culture and belief, which is why pork has been served as the main course at various celebrations. It is common for a Muslim family to provide pig at certain rituals, notwithstanding the fact that they will not eat it. To cater to Muslim families, Catholic families have a tradition called woni, whereby they serve their Muslim guests a pork-free ‘special menu’. This tradition, however, has become less popular over the past few years because of its sensitive and conflicting nature. Through a socio-historic approach, this study argues that food can be a medium to both strengthen and sever inter-faith relations. This includes a closer look at a new dakwah movement, the politics of identity, religious conflicts, majority-minority tensions in Indonesia and abroad are also key factors that can affect Catholic-Muslim relations in Manggarai.

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