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STRATEGI MANAJEMEN RESIKO PETANI CABAI MERAH PADA LAHAN SAWAH DATARAN RENDAH DI JAWA JAWA TENGAH Saptana Saptana; Arief Daryanto; Heny K. Daryanto; Kuntjoro Kuntjoro
Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis Vol. 7 No. 2 (2010): Vol. 7 No. 2 Oktober 2010
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

Red pepper farmers as the farm managers deal with risk management. Objectives of this study was to analysis farmers’ behavior in coping with risks and risks management strategy on red pepper farm management on lowland in Central Java. This study was carried out between February to March, 2009, in lowland areas in Kersana sub district, Brebes district; Karangnongko, Jogonalan, Manisrenggo, and Ngawen sub districts, Klaten district, and Teras sub district, Boyolali district, Central Java. Decision to adopt dominant cropping pattern by including red pepper as high economic value commodity was an ex ante risk management strategy. Meanwhile, interactive risk management was carried out through over use of seeds and pesticides. If the farms failed and led to lower households’ incomes and farm sustainability, the farmers tended to employ other farm incomes, to draw savings, to sell some assets, and to borrow as the ex post risk strategy management. Implications of this study are: (i) cropping patterns need to include red pepper to sustain and to improve farmers’ incomes; (ii) application of hybrid red pepper varieties to cope with environmental pressure and pests’ attack; (iii) farm practice technique should be locally specific based on red pepper varieties and agro ecology; (iv) farm diversification and agriculture insurance could lessen production risk; and (v) farmers’ group and contract farming will reduce marketing risks.

STRATEGI PERCEPATAN TRANSFORMASI KELEMBAGAAN GAPOKTAN DAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO AGRIBISNIS DALAM MEMPERKUAT EKONOMI DI PERDESAAN Saptana Saptana; Sri Wahyuni; Sahat M. Pasaribu
Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis Vol. 10 No. 1 (2013): Vol. 10 No. 1, Maret 2013
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper was to formulate institutional transformation strategies for rural economic institutions gapoktan and LKM-A (Micro Finance Institution-Agribusiness) in order to support agribusiness development in the rural areas. The method used is the institutional case study approach on gapoktan and LKM-A in Bojonegoro and Lumajang regencies. The performance of gapoktan and LKM-A’s lending and saving businesses in Bojonegoro and Lumajang regencies indicates a moderate level but open to opportunity on positive and higher trend if there are efforts to transform and improve toward progressive institutions. The performance of gapoktan and LKM-A in creating and assisting businesses in Bojonegoro and Lumajang was indicated at mid-level, but the chance to improve the performance were there if there is an attempt to transform and improve the institutions. Better gapoktan and LKM-A performance could be characterized by the support of complete organizational structure of these institutions along with strong role of each part enabling effective coordination system, the well development of the direct cash support of PUAP, and with the diversity of productive economic activities. The strategies to transform gapoktan and LKM-A institutions could be implemented through: 1) the addition of new structures following the integrated agribusiness system with the reliable support from LKM-A; 2) the focused expansion and/or the strengthening of clear economic objectives to be achieved; 3) the development of horizontal solid bond on economic activities; 4) the addition of new and familiar economic activities to the existing ones. The gapoktan institution is projected to have legal support as farmers-owned business entity, while the LKM-A could be transformed into cooperative institutions, such as lending and saving cooperative or various businesses cooperatives. Keywords: microfinance, gapoktan, LKM-A, rural areas, transformABSTRAKTujuan makalah ini adalah merumuskan strategi transformasi kelembagaan gapoktan dan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro-Agribisnis (LKM-A) mendukung pengembangan agribsinis di perdesaan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui kajian kelembagaan gapoktan dan LKMA di Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan Lumajang. Kelembagaan gapoktan dan unit usaha simpan pinjam/LKM-A di Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan Lumajang menunjukkan kinerja pada level moderat dan berpeluang untuk berkembang jika ditranformasikan ke arah kelembagaan yang lebih maju. Kinerja Gapoktan dan LKM-A dalam menciptakan dan membantu usaha-usaha di Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan Kabupaten Lumajang terindikasi pada level menengah namun ada kesempatan untuk membaik bila ada usaha untuk transformasi dan memperbaiki institusi tersebut. Kinerja kelembagaan gapoktan dan LKM-A yang baik ditunjukkan oleh terbangunnya struktur organisasi gapoktan dan LKM-A secara cukup lengkap, peran masing-masing bagian telah dimainkan dengan baik, sistem koordinasi berjalan cukup efektif, berkembangnya dana BLM PUAP, dan makin beragamnya kegiatan usaha ekonomi produktif. Strategi transformasi kelembagaan gapoktan dan LKM-A dapat dilakukan dengan: 1) penambahan struktur baru, mengikuti sistem dan usaha agribisnis terpadu yang didukung oleh kelembagaan LKM-A yang handal; 2) perluasan dan atau pendalaman tujuan yang ingin dicapai kelembagan gapoktan dan LKM-A; 3) pembentukan ikatan-ikatan horisontal secara lebih kuat; 4) penambahan dan pendalaman aktivitas ekonomi baru pada aktivitas yang telah ada. Perlu dilakukan transformasi kelembagaan gapoktan menjadi kelembagaan yang berbadan hukum dengan akta notaris seperti badan usaha milik petani. Sementara itu, LKM-A dapat ditransformasikan menjadi koperasi simpan pinjam atau koperasi serba usaha. Kata kunci: keuangan mikro, gapoktan, LKM-A, ekonomi perdesaan, transformasi

MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG Saptana Saptana; Tike Sartika
Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis Vol. 11 No. 1 (2014): Vol. 11 No. 1, Maret 2014
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

ABSTRACTThe studied aimed to formulate an integrated policy of supply chain management development of native chicken eggs. In detail, the research objectives were: 1) to describe the actors of supply chain of native chicken eggs, 2) to analyze the Institutions of supply chain management of native chicken eggs, and 3) to analyze the value chain of native chicken eggs. The data were obtained from interviewed with breeder of native chicken and group discussion with actors of supply chain in the province of West Java, East Java and South Kalimantan. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of R/C ratio, marketing margin system and value chain analysis, while qualitative information with a descriptive analysis was focus on institutions of supply chain management. The results showed that: 1) The eight main actors in supply chain of native chicken eggs commodity were: government, breeding industry, breeders, farmers groups, associations of farmers groups, traders at the centers of production, traders at the centers of consumption, and industrial of cake/bread; 2) most strategic institutional in the whole of supply chain of native chicken eggs was the institutionalization of distribution and marketing, and 3) cake/ bread industrial received the largest of value-added per unit of output, while the large traders in the center of production and consumption received the greatest value in the aggregate. The overall study of policy recommendations of `the development of agribusiness of native chicken eggs was the integration of all factors connected in supply chain.Keywords: institutional , agribusiness, value chain, eggs, economic sociaty ABSTRAKSecara umum penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan kebijakan pengembangan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung secara terpadu. Secara rinci tujuan penelitian adalah 1) mendeskripsikan pelaku rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung; 2) menganalisis kelembagaan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung; dan 3) menganalisis rantai nilai komoditas telur ayam kampung. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari hasil wawancara terstruktur dengan peternak ayam kampung petelur serta wawancara kelompok dengan para pelaku rantai pasok di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, dan Kalimantan Selatan. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis R/C ratio, margin tata niaga dan analisis rantai nilai, sementara informasi kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dengan fokus pada kelembagaan manajemen rantai pasok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat delapan pelaku utama rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung, yaitu pemerintah, industri perbibitan, peternak, kelompok peternak, asosiasi peternak, pedagang di sentra produksi, pedagang di sentra konsumsi, dan industri kue/roti; 2) kelembagaan yang paling strategis dalam keseluruhan rantai pasok komoditas telur ayam kampung adalah kelembagaan distribusi dan pemasaran; dan 3) industri kue/roti menerima nilai tambah terbesar per unit output, sedangkan pedagang besar di pusat produksi dan pedagang besar di pusat konsumsi menerima nilai terbesar secara agregat. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang dihasilkan adalah pengembangan agribisnis komoditas telur ayam kampung harus dilakukan secara terpadu dalam keseluruhan rantai pasok. Kata kunci: kelembagaan, tata niaga, rantai nilai, telur, ayam kampung

Kinerja Agribisnis Komoditas Pertanian: Kemampuan Penciptaan Output, Nilai Tambah dan Keterkaitan Antar Sektor (Analisis Komparasi I-O Tahun 2005 dan 2010) Supena Friyatno; Saptana Saptana
Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis Vol. 14 No. 3 (2017): JMA Vol. 14 No. 3, November 2017
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

In the perspective of agribusiness, the agricultural commodity has become an economic entity for the actors of businesses to develop the integration of products from upstream to downstream. This paper aimed to analyze any agricultural commodity that had grown into agribusiness commodities in the period 2005 and 2010. The methodology used was to conduct a comparative table of I-O in 2005 and 2010 to identify any agricultural commodity that had: (a) the capability in the creation of high economy through the creation of output; (b) the creation of high added value, and (c) the forward and backward relationships. Growing an agricultural commodity that has been cultivated, the higher the forward and backward linkages with other sectors. Similarly, when the ability of an agricultural commodity in creating added value is higher, the ability in creating economic value is also higher. The results showed that the groups of food commodities had lower capabilities as agricultural commodities compared with the groups of horticulture, plantation, and livestock commodities. The development of primary agricultural commodities into final products can enhance the role of agribusiness commodities. The implication is that the development of downstream industries for the commodities of food, horticulture, plantation and livestock is a strategic step in the creation of output, value added and linkages among the economic sectors.Keywords: agribusiness, agricultural commodities, linkages between sectors, output, added value

Pengelolaan Serangga dan Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan di Pedesaan : Menuju Revolusi Pertanian Gelombang Ketiga di Abad 21 Tri Pranadji; Saptana Saptana
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 23, No 1 (2005): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v23n1.2005.38-47

EnglishFirst Phase Agricultural Revolution was characterized by environmentally-friendly settled farming with its weakness of low productivity. Food crisis hampering Asian countries (1950-1960' s) raised spontaneous responses. Measures to overcome food crisis began with Central Rice Program also called as green revolution in Indonesia or Second Phase Agricultural Revolution. Until 1979, pests control was mainly approached using mass killing chemicals imported from abroad. Negative impact of chemical application was rise of new biotypes of pests such as rice plant hoppers’ attack. Progress in chemical innovation was left behind compared with new biotypes of pests Agricultural practices are managed toward monoculture pattern or single variety to some extent. Based on those problems, it is necessary to manage agricultural system and pests control using a new approach called as Ecological Based Pest Management (EBPM). This approach will be more effective if it is applied along with Third Phase Agricultural Revolution, namely highly competitive organic farming development.IndonesianRevolusi pertanian gelombang pertama yang dicirikan oleh sistem pertanian menetap namun masih bersahabat dengan alam, memiliki titik lemah karena pencapaian produktivitas yang masih rendah. Terjadinya krisis pangan yang melanda negara-negara Asia (1950-1960-an) telah menimbulkan respon yang kurang terencana dan bersifat spontan. Upaya mengatasi krisis pangan dilakukan dengan Program Padi Sentra, yang merupakan awal revolusi hijau (green revolution) di Indonesia atau disebut Revolusi Pertanian Gelombang Kedua. Pada periode hingga 1979 pengelolaan pertanian khususnya hama serangga didekati dengan obat-obatan kimia pembunuh masal, yang merupakan produk impor dari luar. Dampak negatif yang sangat dirasakan adalah munculnya hama biotipe baru dari famili serangga, seperti kasus serangan wereng. Sampai-sampai kecepatan inovasi bahan kimia pembunuh serangga tidak mampu mengimbangi perkembangan biotipe baru serangga tersebut. Sistem pertanian digiring ke arah pola monokultur dan bahkan monovarietas. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka diperlukan pengelolaan sistem pertanian dan pengelolaan serangga dengan pendekatan baru, yaitu dengan pendekatan EBPM (Ecologycal Based Pest Management). Pendekatan ini akan lebih efektif jika dikaitkan dengan dijalankannya Revolusi Pertanian Gelombang Ketiga yang visinya adalah pembangunan pertanian organik yang berdaya saing tinggi. Dukungan kebijakan politik pemerintah yang baik, dan kepemimpinan negara yang kuat untuk menjalankan Revolusi Pertanian Gelombang Ketiga secara terarah dan efektif sangatlah dibutuhkan.

TYPES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE: LESSON LEARNED FROM DAERAH ISTIMEWA JOGYAKARTA Sri Wahyuni; Saptana Saptana
UNEJ e-Proceeding International Conference on Agribusiness Marketing (ICAM) 2012, Faculty of Agriculture, University o
Publisher : UPT Penerbitan Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This paper consist of types of adaptation strategies and its effectiveness of the various adaptation strategies carried out by farmers in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Theresearch done during 2011 fiscal year, data collected from 10 groups of farmersexperienced with floods and 10 groups with drought impact of climate change and theinformation presented descriptively. The effectiveness of adaptation strategies evaluatedthrough the ratio of income to cost of rice production (R/C), both for adaptation conditions(R/Ca) and normal conditions (R/Cn). For flood, types of anticipative adaptation were changing commodities, changing planting system and making drainage channels andmaintaining/deepening of drainage channels. The responsive adaptation were croppingpattern adaptation, changing commodities, planting submerged of resistant seed of rice andimplementing appropriate dose of fertilizer. For drought, anticipative adaptation weremaking a dam, creating joined or share wells and provides drilled/pump wells. Theresponsive adaptation were changing Varieties and commodities. The effectivenessstrategy adaptation on flood were effective, with value of R/Ca ratio 1:09 while R/Cn 1:56. In drought adaptation almost effective since the value of R/Ca 0.93 and R/Cn 1:48.

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