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Bead Gel dari Karagenan-Carboxymethylcellulose dengan Crosslinking Glutaraldehid sebagai Controlled Release Urea Sperisa Distantina; Faramitha Rahayu; Tamara Hanum Ghina Zalfa
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2018: PROSIDING SNTKK 2018
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Kecepatan Pelepasan Urea dari Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF): Pengaruh Rasio Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) – Karagenan Sperisa Distantina; Rara Ayu Lestary; Laili Nurin Jazlina
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2018: PROSIDING SNTKK 2018
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Jenis Larutan Perendaman terhadap Kecepatan Ekstraksi dan Sifat Gel Agar-agar dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa Sperisa Distantina; Devinta Rachmawati Anggraeni; Lidya Eka Fitri
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 2, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Rumput laut jenis Gracilaria penghasil agar-agar banyak tumbuh di Indonesia, tetapi studi pengolahannya belum banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari proses transfer massa pada ekstraksi agar-agar dari rumput laut Gracilaria verucosa (pantai Pekalongan) secara bacth menggunakan pelarut air. Pengaruh penggunaan alkali NaOH (1,5 N dan 3,75 N) dan asam asetat (0,2 N, 0,6 N, dan 0,8 N) pada tahap perendaman terhadap koefisien transfer massa (kca) dan sifat gel agar-agar (gel strength, melting dan setting temperature) juga dipelajari. Rumput laut direndam menggunakan larutan alkali atau asam selama 15 menit. Setelah dicuci menggunakan air sampai pH netral, rumput laut diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut air. Ekstraksi dijalankan di dalam gelas beker yang dilengkapi motor pengaduk. Cuplikan sampel diambil setiap interval waktu tertentu. Cuplikan dibekukan semalam dalam freezer, kemudian diangin-anginkan sehingga air mencair dan terpisah dari agar-agar. Agar-agar yang dihasilkan dikeringkan mengunakan oven (70C) sampai berat konstan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dengan alkali menghasilkan kecepatan ekstraksi yang lebih lambat, rendemen lebih rendah tetapi sifat gel agar-agar yang lebih baik dibandingkan perendaman menggunakan larutan asam. Kata kunci: Alkali, Asam Asetat, Perendaman, Ekstraksi, kca Seaweeds of Gracilaria species are abundantly cultivated in Indonesia. However, studies related to its extraction process are still rare. In the present work, the mass transfer process on a batch extraction of agar was studied by extracting seaweeds in hot water solvent. The effect of alkali (NaOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) in the soaking process on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kca) and the quality of gel agar were investigated. Seaweeds (Gracilaria verrucosa) from Pekalongan coast were soaked in aqueous NaOH (1.5 N and 3.75 N) or in aqueous acetic acid solution (0.2 N, 0.6 N, and 0.8 N). After being washed, the seaweeds were extracted in hot water of 98C and neutral pH. Some of the extract samples at various times were freezed, thawed, dried and weighed. The evaluation of experimental data showed that the mass transfer coefficient kca decreased and the gel strength of agar increased with the increase of alkali concentration. Meanwhile, the value of kca increased and the gel strength of agar decreased with the increase of acetic acid concentration. Key words: Alkali, Acetic Acid, Soaking, Extraction, Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient (kca), Gel strength

Kecepatan Pelepasan Parasetamol dari Crosslinked Carrageenan-PVA Film: Pengaruh Rasio Carrageenan-PVA dan Waktu Pengisian (Loading) Sri Sutriyani; Rieke Ulfha Noviyanti; Sperisa Distantina
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2017: PROSIDING SNTKK
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Carrageenan which was extracted from seaweed Eucheuma cottonii was mixed with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) andthen carrageenan-PVA was modified with crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde. The result of hydrogelfilms was applied to control the drug release rate of paracetamol. The aim of this research to determine amathematical model that can be used to describe the events of drug release paracetamol, determine the effect ofweight ratio carrageenan-PVA (5:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 0:5) and the loading time of paracetamol (2 and 12 hours)on the parameters of paracetamol release rate from carrageenan-PVA film in a buffer solution pH = 7,4. Theresearch include several steps, the step of making carrageenan-PVA films, crosslinking carrageenan-PVA films,filling the film with paracetamol (Loading) and releasing test of paracetamol in a buffer solution. Themathematical model arranged can describe the mass transfer rate of paracetamol. The weight ratio ofcarrageenan-PVA greatly affect the amount of paracetamol was absorbed in the hydrogel film (Xo) and therelease rate of paracetamol in a buffer solution (kCa). The longer time of loading, paracetamol could beadsorbed more. Paracetamol release rate was faster at loading time 12 hours compared to 2 hours except thePVA film without carrageenan.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Jenis Larutan Perendaman terhadap Kecepatan Ekstraksi dan Sifat Gel Agar-agar dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa Sperisa Distantina; Devinta Rachmawati Anggraeni; Lidya Eka Fitri
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 2, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.549

Rumput laut jenis Gracilaria penghasil agar-agar banyak tumbuh di Indonesia, tetapi studi pengolahannya belum banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari proses transfer massa pada ekstraksi agar-agar dari rumput laut Gracilaria verucosa (pantai Pekalongan) secara bacth menggunakan pelarut air. Pengaruh penggunaan alkali NaOH (1,5 N dan 3,75 N) dan asam asetat (0,2 N, 0,6 N, dan 0,8 N) pada tahap perendaman terhadap koefisien transfer massa (kca) dan sifat gel agar-agar (gel strength, melting dan setting temperature) juga dipelajari. Rumput laut direndam menggunakan larutan alkali atau asam selama 15 menit. Setelah dicuci menggunakan air sampai pH netral, rumput laut diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut air. Ekstraksi dijalankan di dalam gelas beker yang dilengkapi motor pengaduk. Cuplikan sampel diambil setiap interval waktu tertentu. Cuplikan dibekukan semalam dalam freezer, kemudian diangin-anginkan sehingga air mencair dan terpisah dari agar-agar. Agar-agar yang dihasilkan dikeringkan mengunakan oven (70C) sampai berat konstan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dengan alkali menghasilkan kecepatan ekstraksi yang lebih lambat, rendemen lebih rendah tetapi sifat gel agar-agar yang lebih baik dibandingkan perendaman menggunakan larutan asam. Kata kunci: Alkali, Asam Asetat, Perendaman, Ekstraksi, kca Seaweeds of Gracilaria species are abundantly cultivated in Indonesia. However, studies related to its extraction process are still rare. In the present work, the mass transfer process on a batch extraction of agar was studied by extracting seaweeds in hot water solvent. The effect of alkali (NaOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) in the soaking process on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kca) and the quality of gel agar were investigated. Seaweeds (Gracilaria verrucosa) from Pekalongan coast were soaked in aqueous NaOH (1.5 N and 3.75 N) or in aqueous acetic acid solution (0.2 N, 0.6 N, and 0.8 N). After being washed, the seaweeds were extracted in hot water of 98C and neutral pH. Some of the extract samples at various times were freezed, thawed, dried and weighed. The evaluation of experimental data showed that the mass transfer coefficient kca decreased and the gel strength of agar increased with the increase of alkali concentration. Meanwhile, the value of kca increased and the gel strength of agar decreased with the increase of acetic acid concentration. Key words: Alkali, Acetic Acid, Soaking, Extraction, Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient (kca), Gel strength

Evaluation of the Chemical Structure and Thermal Properties of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Doped Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Composites Rifa'i, Awaludin Fitroh; Kaavessina, Mujtahid; Distantina, Sperisa
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol7.iss2.art5

This study aimed to investigate the chemical structure, thermal properties, and stability of polylactic acid (PLA) composites blended with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The composites were fabricated using a masterbatch blending method with two different molecular weights (Mw) of PEG. The masterbatch was initially prepared using solvent casting with chloroform as the solvent, followed by melt blending using an extruder. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy identified strong hydrogen bonds between the C=O groups of PLA and the –OH groups of PEG, as evidenced by the peak at 1748 cm¹. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed that incorporating 14 wt% of PEG 10,000 into PLA/MWCNT composite significantly enhances the melting enthalpy (∆Hm) from 18.3 J/g to 24.6 J/g and the degree of crystallinity from 2% to 17.3%. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with the addition of PEG, indicating increased chain mobility, while the melting temperature (Tm) remained relatively constant around 158 oC regardless of the PEG Mw. Despite the plasticizing effect of PEG, the thermal stability of the composites was maintained across different PEG Mw. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that MWCNTs were well dispersed within the blend, facilitated by ultrasonic stirring during preparation.

Effect of Acrylamide and Potassium Persulfate on The Characteristics of Water Hyacinth-Carrageenan Bead Gel Using Microwave Grafting Method Distantina, Sperisa; Putra, Novan Aldian Rahmadan; Naryani, Rahma Fitri; Kaavessina, Mujtahid
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023): December 2023 [Available online since December 26, 2023]
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v10i3.27389

The cellulose of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was utilized as raw material in bead gel production. In this research, hydrogel was prepared by grafting of acrylamide (AA) monomers onto the water hyacinth cellulose as the backbone using the microwave to produce hydrogel. This research aimed to determine the influence of adding AA and potassium persulfate (PPS) as an initiator on characteristic of swelling capacity in water. The cellulose powder obtained from the stem of water hyacinth was immersed in NaOH solution (1.5 N) for the delignification process for 10 min. The resulted cellulose was mixed with water and varying additions of 4, 7, dan 10 g acrylamide (AA) and 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g PPS to undergo grafting reaction. The obtained gel was washed and soaked in the acetone to remove the unreacted AA and PPS. The resulting precipitated solid was dried and called Water Hyacinth Cellulose Grafted Polyacrylamide (WH cellulose-g-PAA). The mixture of carrageenan with WH cellulose-g-PAA underwent crosslinking using aqueous KCl and CaCl2 after passing through palm oil layer to form bead gel. The properties of the dried bead gel were tested for functional groups using FTIR and for swelling capacity in water. Based on the FTIR test results, it can be concluded that AA monomers were successfully grafted onto the water hyacinth cellulose backbone. The addition of AA that is too low or too high will reduce the swelling capacity, as well as PPS.

Effect of Potassium Peroxodisulphate and Microwave Power on Hydrogel Character Based on Banana Peel Waste Using Microwave Grafting Method Distantina, Sperisa; Anggreini, Ghea Safiraventa; Al Kamal, Fahrul An'nas; Kaavessina, Mujtahid; Fadilah, Fadilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.67919

ABSTRACT. Musa paradisiaca var. raja peel waste contains cellulose which has the potential to be a raw material for synthesizing hydrogels. This research utilizes acrylamide monomer grafted onto banana peel cellulose backbone using the microwave grafting method to produce hydrogel. The banana peel waste was dried to a constant weight and then crushed into powder. Banana peel powder was through a delignification process with the addition of NaOH and bleached with NaClO to took only the cellulose of the banana peel. The mixture of banana peel cellulose-acrylamide-potassium peroxodisulfate powder through the grafting process was repeated with variations in KPS concentration and microwave power. The reaction was terminated with a hydroquinone solution, washed with acetone, and then precipitated. The precipitated solid was dried to a powder called cellulose-g-PAAM. A homogeneous solution of 2% carrageenan-cellulose-g-PAAM underwent a physical crosslinking process using KCl and CaCl2 solutions after passing through palm oil to form a bead gel. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) initiator concentration and microwave power on the swelling capacity in water. The properties of obtained dried bead gels were characterized their functional groups using FTIR and swelling capacity test in water. From this research, it can be concluded that banana peel cellulose was successfully grafted onto acrylamide monomer as evidenced by the FTIR test results. The lower KPS concentration is the greater on the swelling capacity and the microwave power has no effect on the swelling capacity of bead gels.Keywords: Banana peel, Bead gel, Microwave, Swelling degree

Effect of Acrylamide And Potassium Peroxodisulphate on The Quality of Bead Gel Based on Cassava Bagasse-Carrageenan Using Microwave Grafting Method Distantina, Sperisa; Hidayatun, Nurul; Nabila, Shifa Annisa; Kaavessina, Mujtahid; Fadilah, Fadilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.68130

ABSTRACT. Hydrogels are widely used for drug delivery systems, immuno-chemotherapy applications, efficient use of water, preventing dry soil, and increasing soil infiltration. Generally, hydrogels are derived from synthetic polymers which is non-biodegradable and toxic. Cassava bagasse is an alternative cellulose to make hydrogels. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the amount of acrylamide and potassium peroxodisulphate (KPS) initiator on the quality of bead gel based on cassava bagasse-carrageenan. Chemical structure of the hydrogel was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Cassava bagasse was immersed in a solution of n-hexane to separate the fat. Then, fat-free cassava bagasse was grafted with mass ratios of cassava and acrylamide 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 in 110 mL water. The solution was added with a KPS initiator with weight variations (g) 0.04; 0.08; 0.12 then stirred 15 min. The solution was put in the microwave with 630 watts of irradiation for 450 s with the cooling cycle temperature maintained at 65-70oC. The aqueous of grafted polymer and carrageenan was injected into beaker glass that contained 1 cm of palm oil and mixture of 0.2 M CaCl2 and 0.2 M KCl in an ice bath. Results showed that the highest average swelling capacity was found in the bead gel variation 1:15 with the number of initiators 0.04 g of 1797.95% at a time of 210 minutes of immersion. From FTIR spectrum, it was found that there was a success in grafting acrylamide into bagasse’s backbone using the microwave grafting method with KPS as initiator.Keywords: Acrylamide, Bead Gel, Cassava Bagasse, Grafting Microwave, Potassium Peroxodisulphate

Pemanfaatan Cangkang Biji Nyamplung sebagai Penghasil Resin untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Limbah Padat di CV Plantanesia Setyawardhani, Dwi Ardiana; Kaavessina, Mujtahid; Fadilah, Fadilah; Distantina, Sperisa; Kwartiningsih, Endang; Danarto, Yoseph Calasanctius; Ramadhani, Aida Nur
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.66463

ABSTRAK. CV Plantanesia merupakan industri penghasil minyak dari biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) yang dikenal sebagai Tamanu oil. Minyak tersebut dijual sebagai bahan baku kosmetik untuk produk skin care dan obat tradisional seperti luka, penyakit kulit, rematik, minyak untuk urut maupun obat gatal. Produksi Tamanu oil menghasilkan limbah hasil pengepresan minyak dari bijinya yang berupa bungkil/ampas biji dan cangkang/kulit buah nyamplung. Limbah tersebut dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar dan belum dimanfaatkan sehingga hanya dibuang sebagai sampah dan dibakar. Cangkang biji nyamplung mengandung resin senyawa fenolik yang memiliki sifat antioksidan, anti inflamasi, anti kanker, dan anti mikroba sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan pengolahan limbah pengepresan minyak biji nyamplung, khususnya cangkang biji dan pengolahannya untuk menjadi resin. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di CV. Plantanesia yang berlokasi di Tasikmadu, Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pelatihan diberikan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, diskusi dan pelatihan pengambilan (ekstraksi) resin dari cangkang nyamplung. Proses ekstraksi resin dari cangkang nyamplung dan pengaturan kondisi optimal ekstraksi dilakukan terlebih dahulu melalui percobaan pendahuluan di Laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Kimia FT UNS. Hasil percobaan tersebut digunakan sebagai materi pelatihan. Penyampaian materi dilakukan melalui kunjungan, penyuluhan dan pelatihan pada pelaku usaha khususnya CV Plantanesia. Materi penyuluhan dikemas dalam modul dan dipraktekkan secara langsung di lokasi CV. Dari kegiatan ini, mitra memperoleh peningkatan wawasan akan pemanfaatan cangkang biji nyamplung. Produk resin yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai produk samping yang bernilai jual tinggi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pelaku usaha, sekaligus dapat mengatasi masalah limbahnya. Kata kunci: cangkang biji nyamplung, resin, tamanu oilABSTRACT. CV Plantanesia is a home industry that produces nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil known as Tamanu oil. The oil is usually used for skin care products and traditional medicines such as wounds, skin diseases, rheumatism, massage oil and itching medicine. Tamanu oil production leaves solid waste from the pressing process, which is cake/seed dregs and shells/skin of nyamplung fruit. This waste is generated in large quantities and has not been utilized, so it is only disposed of as garbage or just burned. Nyamplung seed shells contain resin phenolic compounds which is used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. It can be used for medical treatment. This project aims to provide training on processing waste nyamplung seed oil, especially the seed shells and their processing to become resin. This activity is carried out at CV. Plantanesia which is located in Tasikmadu, Jaten, Karanganyar. The project was implemented in various activities, such as counseling, focus group discussions and workshop for extracting resin from nyamplung shells. The resin extraction and optimization process condition were developed at the Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University. The experimental results are implemented in the workshop at the industry. From this activity, partners gain increased insight into the use of nyamplung seed shells. The resin product is expected to be useful as a high value by-product to increase the benefit of the industry, as well as to overcome the waste problem.Keywords: nyamplung seed shell, resin, tamanu oil

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