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Crop-Livestock Integration in a Competitive, Sustainable and Democratize Agribusiness Development Diwyanto, Kusuma; Prawiradiputra, Bambang R; Lubis, Darwinsyah
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The concept of integrated crop and livestock in Indonesian farming systems has actually been practiced by farmers since they familiar with farming, but they practiced Â the systems by traditional way, without any consideration of cost-benefit as well as environmental impact. The research on crops-livestock systems has been conducted systematically since early 1980âs. The study considered many aspects in sustainability such as environmentally tolerable, socially acceptable, economically feasible and politically desirable. In late 1990âs the crops-livestock systems came to a very important step with intensifying the integration between rice and cattle, in this case through optimization of the manure. The added value of organic fertilizer could reach till 40%. In dairy cattle such a technology was able to benefit Rp 11.000 per cattle per day. In this case, with LEISA (low external input sustainable agriculture) approach, any 8 â 10 liter of milk produced by Â a head of cattle needed feed equal to as much as 3 â4 liter of milk only. With LEISA approach the crops-livestock systems has empirically proved the ability of providing job by using the local input efficiently. In improving efficiency, the use of local resources such as local feed and local cattle need to be optimized. To develop the technology that support the concept of crop-livestock systems, the Government could help the farmers through extension so that the farmers willing to use organic fertilizer, especially manure of the cattle. The rice field in the northern part of West Java is a huge potency to produce rice straw as cattle feed. Based on the fact, the beef cattle can be developed in this area so that the manure available to fertilize the rice fields. If the crop-livestock systems is successfully developed in the area, the improve of rice production and productivity is happened, and in turn, the farmers welfare will also increase. Â Key words: Farming systems, crops, livestock, organic fertilizer, local resources, crop by product

Animal Production (Poultry, Cattle and Goat-Sheep) in Indonesia: Prospects and Strategic Development Diwyanto, Kusuma; Priyanti, Atien; Inounu, Ismeth
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Animal production in Indonesia has a remarkably good prospect, as the demand for animal products always increases in line with the increase in human population and national economic development . The high animal industry bargaining status heavily depends upon certain input factors e .g . feed availability, breeding, animal management and health, including innovative technology and other external factors . The approach to improve bargaining position of the animal industry should be carried out under simultaneous approaches within harmonized implementation of support policies at the inter-ministerial level . This should be in line with other internal implementing factors i .e . production efficiency, improved product quality, continuity of supply, and market demand. The prime animal industry profiles suggest that poultry, cattle and sheep/goat industries are prospective if their production management follows the accepted procedures and rules . To respond the developing notion of the livestock sector in Indonesia, there is a heavy need for investment support of the government, farmers/people, and private sector. The policy is the creation of a condusive investment sphere, that is expected to create employment opportunities through raising animals at the input through the marketing subsystems, hence, the development of animal production in Indonesia could answer the heavy threats faced in meeting food security, employment opportunity, peoples welfare, creating devisa and national economy . Key words: Animal production, investment, prospect

Application of Sexing Technology in The Artificial Insemination Program and Cow Calf Operation Diwyanto, Kusuma; ., Herliantien
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 4 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In order to enhance cattle productivity and production, especially to support the cow calf operation, it is a need to have an application on innovative technology, such as spermatozoa sexing . Technology is more relevant nowadays due to the one of priority program in artificial insemination to increase genetic quality of cattle in Indonesia. Artificial Insemination Institute in Singosari had produced and commercialized thousands of straw with good results . The quality of frozen semen from those sexing sperm was very good, indicated with more than 40% rate of motility . By August 2006, 33 male calves out of 47 animals from the Y frozen semen (70 .2 1%) and 29 female calves out of 30 animals from the X frozen semen (96.66%) . The results shown that S/C reached 1 .71 and CR for 56.45% for its sexing frozen semen, which means these results are equal to the success of artificial program with unsexing frozen semen . Key words : Sexing technology, cow calf operation, artificial insemination

The Use of Bali Cattle on Local Feed Resources for Beef Cows Development in Indonesia Diwyanto, Kusuma; Priyanti, Atien
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Bali cattle as an animal genetic resource of Indonesia is one of the appropriate cattle breed to be developed in Indonesia. Intensification of breeding program using Bali cattle may solve one of the heifer supply shortage in the beef cattle industry. Technology innovation base on the local feed resources and the use of agricultural by products is needed to meet the demand of sustainable feed supply for beef cattle. This will be the main basic components on the complete feed formulation that is cheap and easily accessible for the farmers. The crop livestock systems innovation through the zero waste approach need to be implemented to yield the zero cost cattle raising system. The cow calf operation system will only be run sustainable if the feed cost and the use of external inputs can be minimized. The program need to be integrated by the grower and fattening (finisher) activities. The grower cattle activities, such as run by the Center Village Cooperation in East Nusa Tenggara Â could afford the farmers participation and had a significant contribution to the farmersâ household. The success of an introduction program is largely determined by the involvement of the farmers in the very beginning based on the local indigenous technology. There is a need to empower the farmers group based on the cooperative principles to increase bargaining power, information accessibility and communication effectiveness. This effort will also simultaneously conducted with the policy support on accessibility of micro finance through the agriculture credit scheme. Â Key words: Bali cattle, local feed, beef cattle business

The Impact of Crossbreeding in The Artificial Insemination Program on Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle Diwyanto, Kusuma; Inounu, I
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Artificial Insemination (AI) in beef cattle in Indonesia is widely practised. Nowadays, the goal of AI program is not clear; whether to produce: composite breed; terminal cross or as a commercial animal. In fact, farmer assisted by inseminator do the grading up toward Simmental or Limousine. In this paper, crossbreeding impact on reproductive performance of beef cattle in Indonesia is discussed. Farmers prefer the crossbred cattle resulted from AI because its male offspring has higher price than that of local breed. However, 50% of the offspring are female and are used as replacement stock. This AI practice resulted bigger cattle that need more feed. In the scarce feed condition, this bigger cattle become skinny and in bad shape. This leads to bad reproductive performance such as high âservice per conceptionâ (S/C), long calving interval and low calf crop. Moreover, it produces less milk and results in high mortality rate of the offspring. In good management condition, crossbred cattle shows good performance, but often âday openâ is longer, since weaning time is postponed. That is why long calving interval still exists eventhough the S/C is low. Local cattle are very adaptive, resistant to tropical diseases and have high reproductive rate, high quality of leather and good quality of carcass. In scarce feed condition, local cattle are skinny but still can show estrous and get pregnant. In bad condition, they produce very small offsprings that die because of lack of milk from the cow. The availability of feed supply both in quantity and quality is the key factor in AI practices to maintain good body condition of crossbred and to produce good quality of offspring. Â Key words: Artificial insemination, crossbreeding, reproduction, beef cattle

Developing Cattle Agribusiness in an Intergrated Coconut Plantation Area Diwyanto, Kusuma; Rusdiana, S; Wibowo, B
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Developing an integrated coconut beef cattle system could be prospective in view of both technical and economical aspects. The present agribusiness of coconut plantation as monoculture, has not met sufficient farmerâs income, because each hectare of land, only produces equivalent to 2,500,000 rupiahs per year. Constraints such as plant disease, fluctuation price of coconut and the large areas of old plants need to be solved seriously. Integrated coconut-cattle system (CCS) in small holding scale region with Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) approach is considered to be economically potential. Additional income is estimated increase 2 â 3 times than traditionally monoculture-based coconut production. About one percent (approximately 30,000 hectare) of total coconut plantation can support 30,000 until 100,000 cattle per year. This will contribute mostly (90%) of the national requirement of meat. Theoritically, when 10% of whole areas of coconut crop is integrated with cattle production, Indonesia could even export the meat.This program of CCS -based on coconut farming can be made posible, when it is supoported by sufficient fund, technology, supervision and condusive policy. Key words: Development, agribusiness, cattle, coconut farm

Morphological characterization ofMadura Cattle Setiadi, Bambang; Diwyanto, Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Morphological characterization of Madura cattle in Madura islands was done as an input for "action plans" of national animals genetic resources management according to the global system ofFAO. Assessments were done in Sumenep District and Pamekasan District, East Java. According to the body measurements, Madura cattle can be classified as a small to medium type with withers height of about 120 cm. Because of potential productivity in the limitation of environmental resources, Madura cattle can be classified as a "superior" cattle . Body measurements of Madura cattle in the present study were relatively the same with those of 50 years ago, indicating that there is no breeding improvement activities except natural selection . The variability of body measurements is relatively narrow . Improving productivity by outbreeding is needed . To conserve the unique germ plasm of the Indonesian genotype, such as Madura cattle and a possibility to improve their productivity by a complete prevention of cross breeding in the Madura islands needs further evaluation . Â Keywords: Madura cattle, morphological characteristic, conservation

PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DAN REPUBLIK DEMOKRASI TIMOR LESTE Priyanto, Dwi; Diwyanto, Kusuma
Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian Vol 7, No 4 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : +622518321746

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Wilayah perbatasan Negara Kesatuan Republik IndonesiaÂ (NKRI) dan Republik Demokrasi Timor Leste (RDTL)Â merupakan salah satu wilayah perbatasan yang memilikiÂ pertumbuhan ekonomi yang rendah, termasuk sektor pertanian.Â Guna mempercepat proses pembangunan pertanian diperlukanÂ pendekatan yang terintegrasi dan komprehensif, meliputi aspekÂ teknis biofisik dan teknologi, ekonomi, sosial budaya, danÂ politik. Masalah yang dihadapi wilayah perbatasan antara lainÂ adalah keterisolasian, ketertinggalan, kemiskinan, serta keterbatasanÂ prasarana dan sarana pelayanan publik, terutamaÂ infrastruktur fisik dan kelembagaan. Selain itu, persebaranÂ penduduk yang tidak merata dan kualitas sumber daya manusiaÂ yang rendah juga menghambat pembangunan wilayah secaraÂ terintegrasi. Pengembangan pertanian di wilayah perbatasanÂ NKRI-RDTL (Kabupaten Belu) difokuskan pada pengembanganÂ pertanian lahan kering dengan komoditas padi, jagung, kedelai,Â kacang tanah, dan ubi jalar, serta peternakan untuk membangunÂ kemandirian pangan. Rekomendasi alternatif model pengembanganÂ difokuskan pada: (1) pengembangan bibit unggul tanamanÂ pangan lahan kering, (2) pemanfaatan daerah aliran sungaiÂ (DAS) secara terarah dan berkelanjutan, (3) introduksi inovasiÂ teknologi usaha tani, serta (4) pengembangan peternakanÂ terintegrasi dengan pola crop livestock system (CLS). GunaÂ mencapai tujuan tersebut diperlukan dukungan berupa: (1)Â traktor pengolah lahan, (2) pompa air untuk pengembanganÂ kawasan DAS, (3) peningkatan sarana dan kegiatan penyuluhanÂ teknologi usaha tani, dan (4) pengaktifan dan pembukaan pasarÂ untuk mendukung perdagangan masyarakat lokal.

PROYEK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PETERNAKAN POLA INTEGRASI Diwyanto, Kusuma; Priyanti, A; Saptanti, R A
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 23, No 2 (2008): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

It is necessary for the development of the business of animal husbandry to be supported by various production means. One of the means is the availability of fodder. Fiber fodder such as grass, dried rice stalks, sugar cone shoots, cocoa fruit peels and the agricultural by-product of other food crops are the materials that are commonly used as the fodders of ruminant animals. The use of the agribusiness by-products as the raw materials in the industry of fodders represents as challenge and also an opportunity in the optimizing the local resources that has not been made used efficiently and optimally. Using LEISA approach each hectare of agriculture land can produce the fodder for 2-3 beef cattle/ha. In the case the beef cattle serve the function as ‘compost mills’ using the raw materials of the crops ‘wastes’ and finally the compost is used as organic fertilizer for crops. In the attempt to increase the population of the beef cattle with a viable production cost, the approach of integrating the beef cattle into the food crops, plantations and industrial plantation forests is technically, economically and socially feasible to develop. One of the key factors of the success in the integration is that there is not any residual material and the use of an innovation in a right and efficient manner. The implementation of the integrated system of the crops and beef cattle using the approach of low external input result in competitive products of animal husbandry. Therefore, the animal husbandry business with the integrated system of the crops and the beef cattle will be interesting in the future and will have a quite good opportunity.

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