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Tentang Ekor Yang Tak Lagi Beracun: Kritik Konseptual Atas Sanksi Administratif dalam Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia Wibisana, Andri Gunawan
Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2019): October
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Environmental Law

Sanksi administratif merupakan sanksi yang sangat penting, dan dalam banyak kasus merupakan sanksi yang harus pertama kali diterapkan, dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan. UUPPLH memiliki beberapa ketentuan mengenai jenis dan urutan penjatuhan sanksi administratif. Ketentuan ini kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan Peraturan Menteri LH Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Sanksi Administratif di Bidang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Artikel ini bermaksud membahas jenis sanksi administratif dalam hukum lingkungan Indonesia, serta mengevaluasi dan mengidentifikasi beberapa kekeliruan dalam memahami sanksi administratif, yang pada akhirnya dapat dan telah berkontribusi pada tidak efektifnya penegakan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Artikel ini menemukan dua kekeliruan dalam konsep sanksi administratif di Indonesia. Pertama, UUPPLH dan Peraturan Menteri LH bermasalah dalam memahami paksaan pemerintah. Kedua, UUPPLH dan Peraturan Menteri LH mencampuradukkan dan menyamakan antara uang paksa dengan denda administratif. Kedua persoalan dalam penafsiran sanksi administratif ini berkontribusi pada melemahnya sanksi administratif sebagai sanksi yang seharusnya paling utama dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan.

Tentang Ekor Yang Tak Lagi Beracun: Kritik Konseptual Atas Sanksi Administratif dalam Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia Andri Gunawan Wibisana
Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 6 No 1 (2019): Oktober
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Environmental Law

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38011/jhli.v6i1.123

Sanksi administratif merupakan sanksi yang sangat penting, dan dalam banyak kasus merupakan sanksi yang harus pertama kali diterapkan, dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan. UUPPLH memiliki beberapa ketentuan mengenai jenis dan urutan penjatuhan sanksi administratif. Ketentuan ini kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan Peraturan Menteri LH Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Sanksi Administratif di Bidang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Artikel ini bermaksud membahas jenis sanksi administratif dalam hukum lingkungan Indonesia, serta mengevaluasi dan mengidentifikasi beberapa kekeliruan dalam memahami sanksi administratif, yang pada akhirnya dapat dan telah berkontribusi pada tidak efektifnya penegakan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Artikel ini menemukan dua kekeliruan dalam konsep sanksi administratif di Indonesia. Pertama, UUPPLH dan Peraturan Menteri LH bermasalah dalam memahami paksaan pemerintah. Kedua, UUPPLH dan Peraturan Menteri LH mencampuradukkan dan menyamakan antara uang paksa dengan denda administratif. Kedua persoalan dalam penafsiran sanksi administratif ini berkontribusi pada melemahnya sanksi administratif sebagai sanksi yang seharusnya paling utama dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA UNTUK KEBAKARAN HUTAN/LAHAN: BEBERAPA PELAJARAN DARI MENTERI KEMENTERIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN (KLHK) VS PT. BUMI MEKAR HIJAU (BMH) Andri Gunawan Wibisana
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol 1, No 1 (2016): Bina Hukum Lingkungan
Publisher : Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

AbstrakAkhir-akhir ini, Pengadilan Negeri Palembang menolak gugatan pemerintah melawan perusahaan yang kawasan hutan konsesinya mengalami kebakaran hutan pada tahun 2014. Pengadilan menolak gugatan dengan berbagai alasan, salah satunya adalah bahwa penggugat telah gagal untuk membuktikan bahwa Tergugat telah melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum. Artikel ini adalah sebuah reaksi atas penafsiran yang sempit terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum di Indonesia. Secara khusus, artikel ini menganalisis kemungkinan penerapan strict liability terhadap kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan dalam berbagai undang-undang dan peraturan terkait dengan pencegahan dan pengendalian terhadap kebakaran hutan mengindikasikan untuk dapat menerapkan prinsip strict liability dalam kasus kebakaran hutan. Hal ini juga menunjukan adanya perbedaan terhadap tafsiran strict liability secara luas di Indonesia, penerapan dari strict liability ditujukan agar tergugat yang aktivitasnya dikategorikan sebagai diluar batas kewajaran dan berbahaya dapat dimintai tanggung jawab terlepas dari unsur kesalahan, baik secara subjektif maupun objektif. Tergugat bertanggung jawab walaupun dia melakukan kegiatannya secara sah dan melakukan kegiatan dengan cara yang tidak melawan hukum. Artikel ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa perbedaan konsep dari pergeseran dalam beban pembuktian kesalahan, dalam strict liability tergugat masih bertanggung jawab meskipun dia dapat membuktikan bahwa dia tidak bersalah.Kata Kunci: perbuatan melawan hukum; strict liability; kebakaran hutan/lahan. AbstractRecently, Palembang District Court rejected the Government civil lawsuit against a company whose forest consession area underwent forest fires in 2014. The court rejected the lawsuit for various reasons, one of which was that the plaintiff has failed to prove that the defendant has conducted an unlawful act. This article is a reaction to such a narrow interpretation of negligence in Indonesian. In particular, this article analyzes the possibility of the use of strict liability on forest fires in Indonesia. The article concludes that provisions in various laws and regulation addressing the prevention and control of forest fires indicate the support of the use of strict liability in case of forest fires. It also shows that contrary to the commonly held interpretation of strict liability in Indonesia, the application of strict liability means that the defendant whose activity is characterized as abnormally dangerous activity will be held liable regardless for fault, both in subjective and objective senses. The defendant is liable although he was engaged in a lawfull activity and carried out the activity in a lawfull manner. This article also concludes that contrary to the notion of the shifting in the burden of proof regarding fault, under strict liability the defendant is still liable although he proves that he was not at fault.Keywords: unlawful act; strict liability; forest fires

KEADILAN DALAM SATU (INTRA) GENERASI:SEBUAH PENGANTAR BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI KEADILAN LINGKUNGAN Andri Gunawan Wibisana
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 29, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

AbstractThis paper attempts to discuss intragenerational equity based on the taxonomy of environmental justice, i.e. distributive justice, corrective justice, procedural justice, and social justice. Based on distributive justice perspective, the paper places the polluter pays principle (PPP) and common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) as two important legal principles in implementing intragenerational equity. Based on corrective justice perpective, the paper considers that the PPP plays an important role in implementing intragenerational equity. The paper explains the implementation of procedural justice in terms of access to participation, access to information, and legal standing. Finally, the paper observes the importance of the integration of environmental protection and social justice.IntisariTulisan ini mencoba untuk mendiskusikan lebih mendalam keadilan intra generasi dengan menggunakan taksonomi keadilan lingkungan, yaitu keadilan distributif, keadilan korektif, keadilan prosedural, dan keadilan sosial. Secara khusus, berdasarkan perspektif keadilan distributif, tulisan ini melihat adanya kaitan erat antara keadilan intra generasi dengan polluter pays principle (PPP) dan common-but-differentiated responsibility. Dalam perspektif keadilan korektif, tulisan ini melihat pentingnya PPP untuk mewujudkan keadilan intra generasi. Tulisan ini melihat perwujudan keadilan prosedural melalui hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan, hak atas informasi, dan hak gugat. Dalam konteks keadilan sosial, tulisan menjelaskan integrasi perlindungan lingkungan dengan penciptaan keadilan sosial.

CRIMINISTRATIVE LAW: DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA Naibaho, Nathalina; Harkrisnowo, Harkristuti; AR, Suhariyono; Wibisana, Andri Gunawan
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 11, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The borderlines between core criminal law and administrative law developed in such a way that it became increasingly difficult to draw a clear and a firm category while dividing line between those. The category of a measure as administrative or criminal is far from being theoretical as it preconditions the applicable legal regime and especially the level of procedural safeguards benefiting to those sanctioned. This paper is questioning the gray area belonging to something in between criminal and administrative law and discussing the rule and the role of criminal law and administrative law in action when the later comprehend punitive administrative sanctions. Several circumstances need to be considered in order to determine the appropriate sanction to fill the gap. This article also suggests the use of “una via principle” as an approach to unpack the gray area in the role of criminal and administrative law, specifically in tax law case.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA UNTUK KEBAKARAN HUTAN/LAHAN: BEBERAPA PELAJARAN DARI MENTERI KEMENTERIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN (KLHK) VS PT. BUMI MEKAR HIJAU (BMH) Andri Gunawan Wibisana
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol 1, No 1 (2016): Bina Hukum Lingkungan
Publisher : Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

AbstrakAkhir-akhir ini, Pengadilan Negeri Palembang menolak gugatan pemerintah melawan perusahaan yang kawasan hutan konsesinya mengalami kebakaran hutan pada tahun 2014. Pengadilan menolak gugatan dengan berbagai alasan, salah satunya adalah bahwa penggugat telah gagal untuk membuktikan bahwa Tergugat telah melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum. Artikel ini adalah sebuah reaksi atas penafsiran yang sempit terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum di Indonesia. Secara khusus, artikel ini menganalisis kemungkinan penerapan strict liability terhadap kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan dalam berbagai undang-undang dan peraturan terkait dengan pencegahan dan pengendalian terhadap kebakaran hutan mengindikasikan untuk dapat menerapkan prinsip strict liability dalam kasus kebakaran hutan. Hal ini juga menunjukan adanya perbedaan terhadap tafsiran strict liability secara luas di Indonesia, penerapan dari strict liability ditujukan agar tergugat yang aktivitasnya dikategorikan sebagai diluar batas kewajaran dan berbahaya dapat dimintai tanggung jawab terlepas dari unsur kesalahan, baik secara subjektif maupun objektif. Tergugat bertanggung jawab walaupun dia melakukan kegiatannya secara sah dan melakukan kegiatan dengan cara yang tidak melawan hukum. Artikel ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa perbedaan konsep dari pergeseran dalam beban pembuktian kesalahan, dalam strict liability tergugat masih bertanggung jawab meskipun dia dapat membuktikan bahwa dia tidak bersalah.Kata Kunci: perbuatan melawan hukum; strict liability; kebakaran hutan/lahan. AbstractRecently, Palembang District Court rejected the Government civil lawsuit against a company whose forest consession area underwent forest fires in 2014. The court rejected the lawsuit for various reasons, one of which was that the plaintiff has failed to prove that the defendant has conducted an unlawful act. This article is a reaction to such a narrow interpretation of negligence in Indonesian. In particular, this article analyzes the possibility of the use of strict liability on forest fires in Indonesia. The article concludes that provisions in various laws and regulation addressing the prevention and control of forest fires indicate the support of the use of strict liability in case of forest fires. It also shows that contrary to the commonly held interpretation of strict liability in Indonesia, the application of strict liability means that the defendant whose activity is characterized as abnormally dangerous activity will be held liable regardless for fault, both in subjective and objective senses. The defendant is liable although he was engaged in a lawfull activity and carried out the activity in a lawfull manner. This article also concludes that contrary to the notion of the shifting in the burden of proof regarding fault, under strict liability the defendant is still liable although he proves that he was not at fault.Keywords: unlawful act; strict liability; forest fires

Identifying the Use of Smart Enforcement in Citarum River Environmental Law Enforcement Nadia Astriani; Andri Gunawan Wibisana; Anindrya Nastiti; An Nissa Ayu Mutia; Hajriyanti Nuraini
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 10, No 1 (2023): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

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The Citarum River is one of the most strategic rivers in West Java Province, Indonesia. It has been a major water supplier for various agricultural and industrial needs. Unfortunately, human activity increases around the watershed. Thus, the water quality of the river decreases due to pollution. The central and regional governments launched the Citarum Harum program to reduce pollution in the Citarum River. One of the main issues of the program is related to environmental law enforcement. A lengthy process, high case costs, and light sanctions make law enforcement through the courts ineffective. This study discusses whether the environmental law enforcement in the Citarum River is smart enforcement. The study used normative empirical legal analysis with a juridical approach. This study concludes that the government should plan the law enforcement by means of Smart Enforcement strategy to make the enforcement more effective and efficient. It will provide clearer directions to law enforcement officers in the law enforcement. In addition, the efforts to carry out effective and efficient environmental law enforcement need more human and financial resources.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n1.a3

Menulis Di Jurnal Hukum: Gagasan, Struktur, Dan Gaya Wibisana, Andri Gunawan
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Writing articles in a law review is different from writing an opinion in a newspaper or articles in other types of journals. Indonesian authors often fail to indicate the problems to be discussed, the proposed thesis statement or idea (claim), and the structure of the article. They also write too descriptive and employ very limited references. This paper aims to support the authors to find out important aspects in formulating a good legal article. For this reason, this paper explains that an article must contain the claim, and be novel, non-obvious, and useful. This paper also explains the importance of the introduction of an article and explains how to start the introduction. The article demonstrates the importance of the structure of articles, references, and languages. By knowing and taking into account the elements of good articles, Indonesian authors would be able to produce articles with quality comparable to that of reputable international journals. In this case, the only problem for a publication in reputable international law journals would only be a matter of writing an article in English and no longer of the quality of the article.

Pengelolaan Lingkungan Melalui Izin Terintegrasi Dan Berantai: Sebuah Perbandingan Atas Perizinan Lingkungan Di Berbagai Negara Wibisana, Muhammad Andri Gunawan
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Environmental permit is considered to play a central role in environmental management. There has been a growing intention in Indonesia for an integrated permit system, either in terms of internal integration, in which all environmental permits are integrated into a single permit, or external integration, in which environmental permits are integrated with business/activity license. This paper attemps to answer the questions of whether both ways of integrating environmental permits have been implemented in Indonesia. The paper also observes that although some contries have integrated various permits into a single environmental permit, the link between environmental permit and business/activity license remains unclear. More importantly, it is found that in many countries many business activities are not required to have a business license. For these activities, it might be the case that environmental permit is the only permit required, and hence, the revocation of the permit might result in the termination of the activities

Campur Tangan Pemerintah Dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan: Sebuah Penelusuran Teoretis Berdasarkan Analisis Ekonomi Atas Hukum (Economic Analysis Of Law) Wibisana, Muhammad Andri Gunawan
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Government intervention in environmental management can be considered to fall within CAC instruments. Despite the instruments are the most familiar and practiced, they are criticized since the CAC approach requires too much government intervention. This article observes that government intervention can be justified as an effort to correct market failures. The article also finds that intervention is warranted for some distributive reasons. However, the article also observes possibility that an intervention occurs due to regulatory capture by interest groups, to serve the interest of bureaucrats, or to function as a tollbooth. Indonesian environmental law shows that these CAC instruments still play a major role in environemtal management in Indonesia

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