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Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Economic Complexity di Negara-Negara Anggota BRICS+ Nazwa Anggita; Sri Indah Nikensari; Siti Fatimah Zahra
Ekopedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): JULI-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Indo Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/03bg2m25

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing economic complexity in BRICS+ member countries. Economic complexity reflects a country's ability to produce diverse, high-value-added, knowledge-based, and technology-based products. This research is motivated by the varying capacities of BRICS+ countries in managing investment, human capital quality, and innovation to enhance more modern and competitive economic structures. The study employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the best-fit model. The dependent variable is economic complexity, while the independent variables consist of FDI, education level, and innovation. The results indicate that FDI has a positive but insignificant effect on economic complexity, suggesting that foreign investment remains concentrated in primary sectors and low-technology industries. Education level and innovation have a positive and significant effect on economic complexity, with innovation being the most dominant factor. Simultaneously, all three variables influence economic complexity. This study concludes that enhancing economic complexity in BRICS+ countries is more strongly driven by education and innovation than by FDI.
Analisis Kausalitas antara Konsumsi Energi Fosil, Pendapatan per Kapita, dan Foreign Direct Investment di Negara-Negara ASEAN Maisa Mahran Rahmahhani; Siti Fatimah Zahra; Sri Indah Nikensari
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026): AGUSTUS-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/rzkj0d83

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between Fossil Energy Consumption, Per Capita Income, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in six ASEAN countries over the period 2005–2024. This research employs a quantitative approach using balanced panel data comprising 120 observations. The analytical framework includes panel stationarity tests, Pedroni panel cointegration tests, and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test augmented with the Toda-Yamamoto procedure (DH-TY). This framework is selected due to its suitability for data characterized by mixed integration orders of I(0) and I(1) and heterogeneous panel structures. Data processing is conducted using EViews 12. The results reveal three significant unidirectional causal relationships, namely from Per Capita Income to FDI (prob. 0.0000), from Fossil Energy Consumption to FDI (prob. 0.0002), and from Per Capita Income to Fossil Energy Consumption (prob. 0.0292), while no reverse causality is found in the opposite directions.