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All Journal Inersia : Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Rekayasa Sipil Teknisia Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil Teras Jurnal AGREGAT JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Bulletin of Civil Engineering Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Saputra, Elvis
Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil Dan Perencanaan, Universitas Islam Indonesia
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Transportation

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STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH RASIO TULANGAN LENTUR TERHADAP MEKANISME KERUNTUHAN BALOK BETON BERTULANG Wahid, Muhammad Ishomuddin; Saputra, Elvis; Yachya, Muchamad Amirul
JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Volume 8, Nomor 3, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Prodi Sarjana Teknik Sipil, FT, Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jmts.v8i3.33599

Abstract

Reinforced concrete is a composite material that utilizes concrete and steel to resist tensile and flexural forces. However, the reinforcement ratio used in reinforced concrete beams significantly affects the strength, deformation, and failure patterns of the structure. This study aims to analyze the influence of reinforcement ratio on the failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams under under-reinforced, balanced-reinforced, and over-reinforced conditions. The research was conducted through laboratory experiments involving flexural testing on beams with varying reinforcement ratios. Each beam was tested using a two-point loading method to evaluate the load-deflection relationship and observe crack patterns during the testing process. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the failure behavior among the three reinforcement conditions to determine how the reinforcement ratio affects structural failure. The results showed that over-reinforced beams tended to experience more rapid and significant shear failure, exhibiting brittle behavior. Balanced-reinforced beams showed a more balanced occurrence of shear and flexural cracks, but the dominant failure mechanism remained shear. Meanwhile, under-reinforced beams experienced earlier failure, but with a more ductile behavior and a flexural failure mode. These findings emphasize that the selection of flexural reinforcement ratio should consider the balance between flexural and shear capacity, ductility, and the expected failure mechanism to ensure good structural performance under extreme loading. Abstrak Beton bertulang merupakan material komposit yang memanfaatkan beton dan baja tulangan untuk menahan gaya tarik dan lentur. Namun, rasio tulangan yang digunakan pada balok beton bertulang sangat memengaruhi kekuatan, deformasi, dan pola keruntuhan struktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio tulangan terhadap perilaku keruntuhan pada balok beton bertulang dalam kondisi under reinforced, balanced reinforced, dan over reinforced. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen laboratorium dengan pengujian lentur pada balok beton bertulang dengan rasio tulangan yang bervariasi. Setiap balok diuji menggunakan metode pembebanan 2 titik untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara beban dan lendutan, serta mengamati pola retak yang muncul selama proses pengujian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan perilaku keruntuhan pada ketiga kondisi penulangan, guna menentukan bagaimana rasio tulangan memengaruhi kegagalan struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balok over reinforced cenderung mengalami keruntuhan geser yang lebih cepat dan signifikan, sehingga perilaku yang terjadi yaitu getas. Balok balance reinforced  mengalami retak geser dan lentur yang lebih seimbang, namun mekanisme keruntuhannya tetap didominasi oleh geser. Sementara itu, balok under reinforced mengalami kerusakan yang lebih dini tetapi sifat keruntuhan yang lebih daktail dan keruntuhannya berupa lentur. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan rasio tulangan lentur harus mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara kapasitas lentur dan kapasitas geser, daktilitas, serta mekanisme keruntuhan yang diharapkan agar struktur memiliki kinerja yang baik saat menerima beban ekstrem.
Pengaruh Jenis Semen Portland Composite Cement dan Pozzolan Portland Cement Terhadap Faktor Konversi Kuat Tekan Beton Mutu Normal dan Tinggi Setyatama, Mohammad Sigit; Saputra, Elvis
JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Volume 14 Nomor 1 Mei 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jts.v14i1.44003

Abstract

With the advancement of concrete technology, including types of cement, materials, additives, test specimen shapes, and environmental conditions, the compressive strength conversion factors of concrete differ from those in PBI 1971, which is based on OPC cement. PBI 1971 does not yet account for conversion factors for high-strength concrete and requires adjustments for PCC and PPC cement. This study focuses on determining the compressive strength conversion factors for normal-strength and high-strength concrete at the ages of 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using PCC and PPC cement, while also analyzing their effects on workability, compressive strength, and the rate of strength development. The research employs normal-strength concrete (25 MPa) and high-strength concrete (42 MPa) according to SNI standards, with the addition of 10% silica fume and 0.5% superplasticizer. Compressive strength tests were conducted using cylindrical specimens. The compressive strength results were modeled into regression equations, which were then used to calculate the conversion factors by dividing the average compressive strength of concrete at a specific age by the average compressive strength at 28 days.The results indicate that for normal-strength concrete, PCC cement yields higher conversion factors than PBI 1971 at 3 and 7 days, although the differences are not significant. Meanwhile, PPC cement tends to show higher values at 3 and 7 days due to its pozzolanic content. For high-strength concrete, the conversion factors for PCC and PPC cement are relatively similar to those in PBI 1971, except at 3 days, where PPC cement yields higher values. The conversion factors derived from this study are not significantly different from PBI 1971, and their application can be considered based on construction requirements, such as using PPC, PCC, or OPC cement for high early strength. PCC cement enhances workability and the rate of strength development, while PPC cement provides higher early and final compressive strength, applicable to both normal-strength and high-strength concrete.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Baja Ringan Hollow Berisi Mortar Sebagai Pengganti Baja Tulangan Terhadap Kuat Lentur Balok Saputra, Elvis; Rakha Citra Permana Adinata
AGREGAT Vol 9 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ag.v9i1.21973

Abstract

The significant development in Indonesia has led to an increase in the demand for construction materials. One crucial material in building structures is reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete is a composite material of concrete and steel reinforcement. Steel reinforcement plays a vital role in resisting tensile forces. However, reinforced concrete has a primary weakness, namely, its low tensile strength, which affects the weight of concrete and the overall strength of the building structure. To address this issue, several studies have been conducted to develop lightweight reinforced concrete without compromising its functionality and strength. One innovation introduced is the use of lightweight steel as a replacement for conventional steel reinforcement due to its lower weight. This research aims to investigate the effect of using lightweight steel filled with mortar as a substitute for conventional steel reinforcement on flexural strength. The testing method involves two-point loading and measuring deflection using LVDT on the test specimens. The results of the study show that the comparison between experimental and theoretical nominal moments indicates a minor difference. The experimental nominal moment of lightweight steel reinforced beams increases by 1.84 kNm or 18.91% compared to conventional steel reinforced beams. However, the maximum deflection in lightweight steel reinforced beams is smaller by 23% or 5.9 mm. These results suggest that using lightweight steel can increase the nominal moment while producing smaller deflections.
Development of Spectra Acceleration Map to Seismic Design Category Map In Yogyakarta Province Saputra, Elvis
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Volume 13 No 1, Maret 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v13i1.824

Abstract

Abstrak Indonesia dikelilingi oleh empat lempeng besar dunia yang bergerak secara konvergen sehingga menyebabkan sering mengalami kejadian gempa. Salah satu upaya mengurangi risiko bencana gempa adalah melakukan upaya mitigasi seperti pembuatan peta bahaya gempa. Penyusunan Peta Kategori Desain Seismik (KDS) Indonesia saat ini masih terkendala karena keterbatasan data penyelidikan tanah. Meskipun demikian, problem tersebut dapat diatasi dengan melakukan pendekatan berdasarkan data kecepatan gelombang geser pada kedalaman 30 (Vs30) yang disediakan oleh (USGS, 2020). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan penyusunan Peta Kategori Desain Seismik untuk Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan pengumpulan data, perhitungan percepatan tanah dan penentuan kategori desain seismik untuk setiap titik dari 3759 titik tinjauan. Hasil penyusunan peta kategori desain seismik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada kategori risiko I, II, dan III menunjukkan hasil Kabupaten Bantul, Kota Yogyakarta masuk dalam kategori risiko tinggi (KDS D), sedangkan Kabupaten Sleman, Kabupaten Kulonprogo, dan Kabupaten Gunung Kidul masuk dalam kategori risiko sedang hingga tinggi (B, C, dan D). Kategori desain seismik pada kategori risiko IV hampir secara keseluruhan kabupaten-kabupaten di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta masuk dalam Kategori Desain Seismik D yang artinya memiliki tingkat risiko gempa bumi yang tinggi. Kata kunci: Gempa, mitigasi, kecepatan gelombang geser, kategori desain seismik  Abstract Indonesia is surrounded by four large plates of the world that move convergently, causing frequent earthquakes. One of the efforts to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters is to carry out mitigation efforts such as making earthquake hazard maps. The compilation of Indonesia's Seismic Design Category Map is currently still hampered due to limited soil investigation data. However, this problem can be overcome by making an approach based on the shear wave velocity data (Vs30) provided by (USGS, 2020). The purpose of this research is to create a Seismic Design Category Map for the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research phase begins with collecting data, calculating ground acceleration, and determining the seismic design category for each point of the 3759 review points. The compilation result of seismic design category maps for the Special Region of Yogyakarta in risk categories I, II, and III showed that Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta City were in the high risk category (KDS D), while Sleman Regency, Kulonprogo, and Gunung Kidul fall into the moderate to high-risk category (B, C, and D). The Seismic Design Category Map for risk category IV showed that almost all districts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province were Seismic Design Category D, which means it has a high level of earthquake risk. Keywords: Earthquake, mitigation, shear wave velocity, seismic design categories
Influence of Constitutive Models on Cyclic Pore Pressure and Liquefaction Assessment in Srandakan, Bantul, Indonesia Amalina, Anisa Nur; Makrup, Lalu; Saputra, Elvis
INERSIA lnformasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/inersia.v22i1.95996

Abstract

Liquefaction potential in earthquake-hazard areas is correlated with earthquake-induced cyclic loading. This condition leads to an important selection in the constitutive soil model in numerical site response analysis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different constitutive soil models on cycling pore pressure by using a numerical model. The case was taken in Srandakan, Bantul, Indonesia, which consists of sand and clay soil. A representative ground motion was derived from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, with PGA ≈ 0.31, in a one-dimensional dynamic analysis using PLAXIS 2D. Three constitutive models, Mohr–Coulomb (MC), Hardening Soil with small-strain stiffness (HSsmall), and PM4Sand, were compared in terms of excess pore pressure development and pore pressure ratio (Ru) evolution. The results showed that MC neglected a pore-pressure accumulation, while HSsmall captured only a limited nonlinear response. Meanwhile, PM4Sand predicted more significant cyclic pore pressure changes in sandy layers due to its state-dependent plasticity formulation. Nevertheless, Ru values remained well within acceptable limits at all depths, indicating that the applied seismic excitation did not trigger liquefaction. The findings demonstrated that model selection substantially affected pore pressure response in seismic liquefaction analysis.
Experimental Investigation of Flexural Behavior of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Sheets Hanifardhi; Saputra, Elvis; Yachya, Muchamad Amirul
Bulletin of Civil Engineering Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area with high tectonic and volcanic activity. This condition frequently triggers earthquakes that can damage infrastructure. Structural damage caused by earthquakes can reduce the strength, stability, and service life of buildings, necessitating effective rehabilitation measures. One promising strengthening method involves the use of composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Studies on GFRP retrofitting in post-damage conditions remain limited, especially for Indonesian construction practices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) in strengthening reinforced concrete beams with reduced load-bearing capacity. The specimens consisted of a normal reinforced concrete beam without strengthening (BN), a beam subjected to a 50% reduction in initial flexural capacity and then strengthened with GFRP (BR1), and a beam with a 75% reduction in flexural capacity followed by GFRP strengthening (BR2). Flexural testing was conducted using a two-point loading method in accordance with SNI 4431-2011. The results showed that the GFRP-strengthened beams were able to sustain higher loads than the control beam, with capacity increases of 13.61% and 9.45% for the 50% and 75% reduction conditions, respectively. The maximum flexural moment of the strengthened beam reached 22.029 kNm, exceeding that of the control beam at 19.711 kNm. However, brittle deformation occurred after reaching peak strength, indicating the limited ductility of GFRP. In conclusion, the use of GFRP is effective in enhancing the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams, although it still presents limitations in terms of ductility
Perbandingan Peta Percepatan Tanah di Permukaan sebagai Dasar Perencanaan Tata Ruang Berbasis Mitigasi Bencana di Provinsi Riau Saputra, Elvis; Nugraheni, Fitri; Pawirodikromo, Widodo; Makrup, Lalu
MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Volume 27, Nomor 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1277.257 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/mkts.v27i2.36902

Abstract

Perencanaan tata ruang memiliki peranan penting dalam upaya mitigasi bencana. Ketersediaan peta gempa sangat berguna dalam perencanaan tata ruang. Kebutuhan perencanaan tata ruang saat ini adalah yang skala mikro. Maka dari itu, peta gempa nasional 2017 perlu dirincikan ke dalam peta mikrozonasi pada skala kabupaten/kota. Percepatan tanah yang disajikan dalam peta gempa nasional berada di batuan dasar, sedangkan dalam perencanaan tata ruang dibutuhkan percepatan di permukaan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh peta gempa di permukaan dengan skala mikro. Penentuan nilai percepatan di permukaan dilakukan dengan dua model. Model-1, percepatan permukaan diperoleh dengan mengalikan hasil analisis PSHA di batuan dasar dengan faktor amplifikasi berdasarkan SNI1726. Sedangkan Model-2 nilai percepatan dipermukaan langsung diperoleh dari hasil analisis PSHA dengan menggunakan nilai kecepatan gelombang geser rerata permukaan (Vs30) berdasarkan data dari USGS. Hasil dari penelitian diketahui bahwa dari 2 metode analisis yang digunakan, Model-2 memiliki nilai percepatan permukaan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Model-1. Provinsi Riau memiliki 12 kabupaten. secara umum 12 kabupaten tersebut masuk dalam kelas indeks risiko rendah hingga sedang, namun ada satu kabupaten yang mendekati kelas indeks tinggi yaitu kabupaten Rokan Hulu.
Co-Authors Amalina, Anisa Nur Artati, Hanindya Kusuma Basarah, Yuamar I Dawam Adhiguna Firjatullah Bangkit Aryoputro Fitri Nugraheni Hanifardhi Ilham Nuruddin Lalu Ibrohim Burhan Lalu Makrup Makrup, Lalu Marasabessy, Muhammad Irfan Mochamad Teguh Mochammad Teguh Rakha Citra Permana Adinata restu faizah Setyatama, Mohammad Sigit Wahid, Muhammad Ishomuddin Widodo . Widodo Pawirodikromo, Widodo Yachya, Muchamad Amirul