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EFFECTIVENESS OF A SUPERFICIAL TREATMENT USING BIFENTHRIN TO PROTECT RADIATA PINE FRAMING FROM DAMAGE BY SUBTERRANEAN AND DRYWOOD TERMITES IN INDONESIA Paimin Sukartana; Jim W. Creffield; Agus Ismanto; Neo E. Lelana; Rusti Rushelia
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 7, No 1 (2010): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Agency for Standardization of Environment and Forestry Instruments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2010.7.1.33-41

Various experimental testing procedures were undertaken in Indonesia to determine the effectiveness of a patented superficial (envelope) treatment using bifenthrin to protect radiata pine framing material from damage by two species of subterranean termites (Macrotermes gilvus and Coptotermes curvignathus) and one species of drywood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus). Lengths of framing material (Pinus radiata sapwood) were commercially treated to the targeted retention of 0.02% m/m of bifenthrin in the outer 2 mm depth penetration zone of the material. The treated and untreated materials were subsequently cut into test specimens and exposed to M. gilvus in the field and a semi-laboratory trial, to C. curvignathus in the laboratory and a semi-laboratory trial and to C. cynocephalus in a laboratory trial. No supplementary treatment was performed on the exposed cut ends of the treated test specimens. The results from the trials clearly demonstrated that the superficial treatment of bifenthrin seemed effective in protecting test specimens of radiata pine framing material from significant damage by Indonesia’s most notorious termite species that often causes serious economic loss to the timbers. Termites were unable to damage any of the bifenthrin-treated surfaces of test specimens. Any obser ved damage by termites, albeit minor, was in all cases confined to the exposed cut ends of test specimens. In contrast, attack by termites on the untreated control test specimens caused damage of the samples ranging from light to heavy.

ORGANISME PERUSAK KAYU PADA RUMAH RAKYAT DIYOGYAKARTA Barly Barly; Nana Supriana; Agus Ismanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 3, No 2 (1986): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1986.3.2.19-24

Many householders in Yogyakarta find that tney need to know something about wood destroying organisms. This may be because they suspect a problem exists in their house, or because they plan to buy or build new house, and wish to avoid serious problems during use. However, not all damage observed should cause concern, as some insects attact only green timber and their activity cease when the timber dries-up. On the other hand. some insects cause extensive and con- tinuing damage and can be difficult or expensive to control.

Potential Use of Botanical Termiticide SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; AGUS ISMANTO
Perspektif Vol 9, No 1 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v9n1.2010.%p

ABSTRACTTermite is one of the most dangerous wood destroying insects and life crop plantations. Termites are commonly controlled using synthetic chemicals which can cause environmental hazzards. However, there are various environmentally methods for controlling termites, including the use of plant extracts and essential oils derived from plants such as orange, clove, and citronella oils. Orange oil has been used quite intensed in the USA, though many questioned concerning the long lasting effect of the oil. The paper is aimed to present general view on the potential use of botanical termiticides and its possible strategy to develop. Various kinds of termites can be found in different ecosystems in Indonesia, such as urban forest trees, plantations, and soils. Synthetic termiticides can be applied as whole treatment and localized treatment. Although the whole treatment is more expensive, but it is more effective because it uses fumigants such as chemicals (sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide) or heat. However, these chemicals are known to be ozon depletors. In contrary, the localized treatment is cheaper, but it is less effective and require repetead aplications. The key success in all treatment of termites in any structures is early detection of termite infestation such as signs of damage wood, fecal pellets, and discarded wings. Various plant extracts and essential oils show termiticide activities against different kinds of termites comparable to synthetic termiticide. For example, a formulated botanical pesticide containing clove and citronella oils is effective against dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus). Application of 5% of the formula kill the termite and protect the treated wood almost complete (score 9,8 out of 10) indicating that the formula is potential to be developed. This formula and other potential botanical termiticides need to be evaluated and improved to become more feasible both practically and economically. A main limitation for developing of botanical termiticides is its mass production and its price which can compete with the synthetic ones.Keywords: Termite, essential oil, botanical termiticide ABSTRAKPotensi Antirayap NabatiRayap adalah salah satu serangga perusak kayu paling berbahaya dan juga dapat merusak pertanaman yang masih hidup. Umumnya rayap dikendalikan dengan menggunakan senyawa kimia sintetik yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan, padahal ada cara-cara cara pengendalian rayap yang ramah lingkungan, termasuk penggunaan ekstrak dan minyak atsiri berasal dari tanaman, seperti minyak kulit jeruk (orange oil), minyak cengkeh dan minyak serai wangi. Formula anti rayap dari minyak kulit jeruk sudah dijual di Amerika Serikat, walaupun masih ada kontroversi tentang keefektifannya jangka panjang. Tulisan ini menguraikan kemajuan perkembangan pestisida nabati anti rayap dan strategi pengembangannya. Berbagai jenis rayap ditemukan pada beragam ekosistem di Indonesia, seperti tanaman hutan kota, tanaman perkebunan, dan tanah. Anti rayap sintetik dapat diaplikasikan secara menyeluruh atau secara lokal. Walaupun aplikasi secara menyeluruh lebih mahal biayanya, tetapi lebih efektif, karena menggunakan senyawa kimia fumigan seperti sulfuril fluorida dan methyl bromida atau uap panas. Sayangnya, bahan-bahan kimia tersebut dapat merusak lapisan ozon. Sebaliknya, aplikasi secara lokal lebih murah tetapi kurang efektif dan memerlukan aplikasi ulang. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan pengendalian rayap adalah mendeteksi gejala rayap secara dini, misalnya adanya kerusakan pada kayu, bubuk halus dari kayu yang rusak, dan ditemukannya potongan sayap rayap dewasa. Beragam ekstrak tanaman dan minyak atsiri anti rayap menunjukkan sifat anti rayap yang baik sebanding dengan senyawa anti rayap sintetik. Misalnya, salah satu formula anti rayap berbahan baku minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi menunjukkan dapat mematikan rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus). Aplikasi 5% formula pada kayu dapat melindungi kayu hampir sempurna (skor 9,8 dari maksimal skor 10). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa formula anti rayap nabati tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Formula tersebut dan beberapa anti rayap nabati potensial lainnya perlu diuji dan diperbaiki sehingga layak baik secara praktis maupun ekonomi. Kendala utama pengembangan anti rayap nabati adalah produksi masal dan harga yang kompetitif terhadap anti rayap sintetik.Kata kunci: Rayap, minyak atsiri, anti rayap nabati.

ORGANISME PERUSAK KAYU PADA RUMAH RAKYAT DIYOGYAKARTA Barly Barly; Nana Supriana; Agus Ismanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 3, No 2 (1986): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1986.3.2.19-24

Many householders in Yogyakarta find that tney need to know something about wood destroying organisms. This may be because they suspect a problem exists in their house, or because they plan to buy or build new house, and wish to avoid serious problems during use. However, not all damage observed should cause concern, as some insects attact only green timber and their activity cease when the timber dries-up. On the other hand. some insects cause extensive and con- tinuing damage and can be difficult or expensive to control.

Potential Use of Botanical Termiticide SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; AGUS ISMANTO
Perspektif Vol 9, No 1 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRACTTermite is one of the most dangerous wood destroying insects and life crop plantations. Termites are commonly controlled using synthetic chemicals which can cause environmental hazzards. However, there are various environmentally methods for controlling termites, including the use of plant extracts and essential oils derived from plants such as orange, clove, and citronella oils. Orange oil has been used quite intensed in the USA, though many questioned concerning the long lasting effect of the oil. The paper is aimed to present general view on the potential use of botanical termiticides and its possible strategy to develop. Various kinds of termites can be found in different ecosystems in Indonesia, such as urban forest trees, plantations, and soils. Synthetic termiticides can be applied as whole treatment and localized treatment. Although the whole treatment is more expensive, but it is more effective because it uses fumigants such as chemicals (sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide) or heat. However, these chemicals are known to be ozon depletors. In contrary, the localized treatment is cheaper, but it is less effective and require repetead aplications. The key success in all treatment of termites in any structures is early detection of termite infestation such as signs of damage wood, fecal pellets, and discarded wings. Various plant extracts and essential oils show termiticide activities against different kinds of termites comparable to synthetic termiticide. For example, a formulated botanical pesticide containing clove and citronella oils is effective against dry-wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus). Application of 5% of the formula kill the termite and protect the treated wood almost complete (score 9,8 out of 10) indicating that the formula is potential to be developed. This formula and other potential botanical termiticides need to be evaluated and improved to become more feasible both practically and economically. A main limitation for developing of botanical termiticides is its mass production and its price which can compete with the synthetic ones.Keywords: Termite, essential oil, botanical termiticide ABSTRAKPotensi Antirayap NabatiRayap adalah salah satu serangga perusak kayu paling berbahaya dan juga dapat merusak pertanaman yang masih hidup. Umumnya rayap dikendalikan dengan menggunakan senyawa kimia sintetik yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan, padahal ada cara-cara cara pengendalian rayap yang ramah lingkungan, termasuk penggunaan ekstrak dan minyak atsiri berasal dari tanaman, seperti minyak kulit jeruk (orange oil), minyak cengkeh dan minyak serai wangi. Formula anti rayap dari minyak kulit jeruk sudah dijual di Amerika Serikat, walaupun masih ada kontroversi tentang keefektifannya jangka panjang. Tulisan ini menguraikan kemajuan perkembangan pestisida nabati anti rayap dan strategi pengembangannya. Berbagai jenis rayap ditemukan pada beragam ekosistem di Indonesia, seperti tanaman hutan kota, tanaman perkebunan, dan tanah. Anti rayap sintetik dapat diaplikasikan secara menyeluruh atau secara lokal. Walaupun aplikasi secara menyeluruh lebih mahal biayanya, tetapi lebih efektif, karena menggunakan senyawa kimia fumigan seperti sulfuril fluorida dan methyl bromida atau uap panas. Sayangnya, bahan-bahan kimia tersebut dapat merusak lapisan ozon. Sebaliknya, aplikasi secara lokal lebih murah tetapi kurang efektif dan memerlukan aplikasi ulang. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan pengendalian rayap adalah mendeteksi gejala rayap secara dini, misalnya adanya kerusakan pada kayu, bubuk halus dari kayu yang rusak, dan ditemukannya potongan sayap rayap dewasa. Beragam ekstrak tanaman dan minyak atsiri anti rayap menunjukkan sifat anti rayap yang baik sebanding dengan senyawa anti rayap sintetik. Misalnya, salah satu formula anti rayap berbahan baku minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi menunjukkan dapat mematikan rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus). Aplikasi 5% formula pada kayu dapat melindungi kayu hampir sempurna (skor 9,8 dari maksimal skor 10). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa formula anti rayap nabati tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Formula tersebut dan beberapa anti rayap nabati potensial lainnya perlu diuji dan diperbaiki sehingga layak baik secara praktis maupun ekonomi. Kendala utama pengembangan anti rayap nabati adalah produksi masal dan harga yang kompetitif terhadap anti rayap sintetik.Kata kunci: Rayap, minyak atsiri, anti rayap nabati.

Identifikasi Fosil Kayu asal Bogor dan Lebak (Identification of Wood Fossil from Bogor and Lebak) Andianto Andianto; Agus Ismanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Fossil wood is a heritage of flora history from a certain area. Species determination and age estimation are conducted on two sample of fossil wood which are collected from Bogor and Lebak districts. Anatomical features on transversal, radial and tangential sections were identified using microscope of Imager-A1m type. Anatomy description refers to the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. The age estimation of the fossil wood was determined based on geological map analysis. The identified anatomical features of the first sample is vessels which mostly solitaire, radial and diagonal multiples; diffuse, vasicentric, confluent and narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide parenchyma; axial resin canals are arrayed in long tangential lines. These anatomical characteristics are belonging to Shoreoxylon sp. (meranti). The identified anatomical characteristics of the second sample is exclusively solitary vessels; diffuse and vasicentric parenchyma; and possesses tangential resin canals with diameter smaller than vessel diameter. These anatomical characteristics are owned by Dryobalanoxylon sp. (kamper). The age estimation of the wood fossils are 2.5 to 0.01 million years old (early to middle Pleistocene period).Keywords: Bogor, Dryobalanoxylon, fossil wood, Lebak, Shoreoxylon

Paleobotani: Dryobalanoxylon, Fosil Kayu Asal Jambi (Paleobotany: Dryobalanoxylon, Fossil Wood Origin Jambi) Andianto Andianto; Agus Ismanto; Ratih Damayanti
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Jambi Province is known as an area with abundant source of geological diversity (Geodeversity), including fossil woods. Specimen of Fossil wood from Merangin District-Jambi was observation its anatomical structures on thin slices of cross, radial and tangential-section using Carl Zeiss-Axio Imager A1m microscope. The description of wood anatomical structures referred to the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. The age estimate of fossil wood is based on geological map (scale 1: 100.000) of Sarolangun sheet, Sumatra. The anatomical structures of the fossil wood are as follow: vessel exclusively solitary, simple perforation plates, intervessel pits alternate, very thick fibre wall, apotracheal parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates, paratracheal parenchyma vasicentric, axial canals in long tangential lines, prismatic crystal in chambered axial parenchyma cells, and silica bodies present in ray cells and axial parenchyma cells. The anatomical structures mentioned are similar to Kamper/Kapur wood species (Dryobalanops sp.) which it is member of Dipterocarpaceae family, with the result that this fossil is Kamper wood (Dryobalanoxylon sp.). Based on age analysis through the geological map, it is estimated that this fossil wood was formed between 3.60 and 2.58 million BP (Before Present), which was between the late Pliocene and the early Plistocene era.

PENCEGAHAN PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA KAYU JAMUJU (Podocarpus imbricatus) DAN KISAMPANG (Evodia aromatica BL) DENGAN BAHAN DASAR DESINFEKTAN Agus Ismanto; Mohamad Iqbal
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 31 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.3.213-220

The aim of this research was to study natural discoloration of jamuju (Podocarpus imbricatus) and kisampang (Evodia aromatica BIL..) before and after treatment again of temperature, bumidity, and beat. Discoloration prevention conducted chemically by using antiseptic containing benzalkonium klorida (formula C), kresol or asam kresilat (formula D) and methylene bistiryiocyanate (MBT as comparison) either on log that is planed or unplaned and on sawn timber. The MBT efficacy result on jamuju and kisampang sawn timber, and formula Con kisampang timber show that it can prevent blue stain with four weeks protection period. Measurement result for brightness colour of jamuju timber on the planed is about 35,22 (MBT Under the roof-45,22 (CAC) and 10,62 (C outside)-37,14 (KAC) on the unplaned. Whereas, measurement for brightness colour of kisampang timber on the planed is about 45,04 (CAC)-53,42 (K Outside) and 8,24 (MBT Outside)-46,66 (KAC) from standard value 73,5. Measurement result for total colour variation of AE kisampang timber on the planed is about 8,80 (K outside)-22,56 (K Under the roof) and 21,57 (DAC)-40,19 (C Outside) on the unplaned. Whereas AE* of jamuju timber on the planed is about 20,49 (MBT Outside)-25,65 (DAC) and 23 (CAC)-41,02 (C. Outside) on the unplaned.

SIFAT FISIS DAN STABILISASI DIMENSI BEBERAPA JENIS BAMBU KOMERSIAL Barly; Agus Ismanto; Dominicus Martono; Abdurachman; Andianto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 3 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.3.163-170

This experiment aims to look into appropriate formulate which may improve physical properties and dimentional stability of bamboos to optimize their uses as construction materials. Results revealed that length of culm (stem), number of internodes, and internode length varied in accord with different bamboo species. Moisture content of bamboo varied depending on species, ie.bijan or ater (236.15%), mayan (181.52%), tali (117.32%), and hitam (111.83%). Likewise, bamboo density also varied, ie, tali (0.93), andong (0.88), mayan (0.83), bijan or ater (0,79), hitam (0.78), and betung (0.78). The density of bamboo decreases in cross-section moving, from the periphery, middle to inner part. Volumetric shrinkage varieds according to bamboo species, i.e. mayan (9.04%), betung (15.75%), andong (16.32%), and ater (38,45%). The bigbest ASE percentage (95.57%) occured at ater (LO), while the lowest (-144,92%) was of mayan (SCa). Bamboo that afford responses to ASE percentage value was arranged from the bighest, i.e. LO, PEG, SPA, B, A, C. The LO agent was absorbed the least by all bamboo species, followed in increasing order by PEG with the expection of hitam hamboo, Bamboo that absorbed the swell-resisting order by PEG with the least was the andong (14.22%) with LO, and the greatest inflicted by bitam (137,54%) with PEG, Almost all bamban species were able to absorb the entire swell-resisting agents in large amount. The retention of agents in dry bamboo was arranged in order from the bigbest to the Inwest, ie. PEG, LO, SCa, and SPo The highest to the lowest retentions were of consecutively hitam, ater, tutul, andang, mayan, and betung.

PENGAWETAN WARNA KAYU TUSAM (Pinus merkusii) DAN PULAI (Alstonia sp.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN DASAR DISINFEKTAN Barly; Agus Ismanto; Dominicus Martono; Abdurachman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 30 No. 2 (2012): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2012.30.2.155-162

Wood color can vary much between species but the variations tends to be smaller within the same species. Noticeable deviations in color at timber surface or in the core of the same board my cause problems in timber trading or in final product's appearance. Undesirable discoloration often develops during wood drying process. The research aims to study natural color changes of Pulai (Alstonia sp.) and Pine (Pinus merkusii). Prevention of wood color change is undertaken by using active ingredients of benzylkonium chloride (A and D), phenol (B and C), creselic acid (E), sodium bypochlorite (F) and methylen-bis-thiocyanate (G). The treated wood samples together with their controls were then kept in three different conditions, i.e. conditioning room at 70 RH and temperature of 18 C, in the terrace and in the oven with temperatures of 60 C and 120 C. The test results demonstrate that the bigbest brightness (L") was obtained at Pulai the wood surface and inside the wood block using formulation of D, namely 87.3 and 89.3 with a total value of the brightness variation (AL) -6.7 and -4.7. However, the bigbest brightness of Pine wood was acchiered using formulation, namely 83.5 and 80.0 with a total variation of brightnest of -10.5 and-14.0. These value swere obtained from samples stored in low temperature and bumidity (air conditioned).

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