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PENGARUH ANHIDRIDA ASAM MALEAT TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT SABUN GONDORUKEM Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 4 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.4.173-176

Levopimaric acid, with its two double bonds conjugated in the same ring, can react with α-, β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds in a Diels - Alder reaction. This reaction is the basis for preparation of fortified rosin soap by addition of. maleic unhydride. The research purpose is to study the influence of maleic unhydride addition on moisture content, total rosin, combined rosin, free rosin, and unsaponifiable matter of rosin soap properties.Results indicate that the inclusion of maleic unhydride during the soap making process has a highly significant effect on the overall rosin soap properties. Furthermore. The LSD test of the difference between unfortified and fortified rosin soap properties appeared to be highly significant in favor of the fortified one. Therefore, it is advisable to fortified rosin soap for better and efficient result in the rosin size manufactures.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN SIFAT MINYAK KAYU CENDANA SEMUT (EXOCARPUS LATIFOLIA R.BR.) DAN CENDANA WANGI (SANTALUM ALBUM L.) Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 7 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The purpose of this research is to compare the oil. properties of cendana semut (Exocarpus latifolia R.Br.) and cendana wiangi (Santalum album L.). The sandalwood oils are obtained by distillation method with cohobation system for 18 hours.Results indicated that the essential oil content of cendana semut is lower than cendana wangi. The cendana semut oil had dark-yellow in colour and slightly thicker. During the early stage of distilling process, the distillate of cendana semut some whitish sediment was formed, presumably consisted of resin. Such sediment was not found during the distilling of cendana wangi. The cendana wangi oil had yellowish appearance and its viscosity was lower than that of cendana semut. Ester number after acetylation and total alcohol content (as santalol) of cendana semut oil was lower than of cendana wangi oil. Colour, viscosity, and resin content in the distillate could be used to differentiate cendana semut from cendana wangi oil.

PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN LAK KUNING DENGAN PROSES PELARUTAN Abdul Hakim Lukman; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 3 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Shellac can be produced by two different procedures, namely heat process and solvent process: Ordinarily, domestic shellac produced by heat process, while imported one (from India) by solvent process. Solvent process yields shellac much purer than heat processed, with relatively better properties.The physicochemical properties of shellac produced in this experiment, i.e.: moisture content 2. 36%, ash content 0.15%, matter soluble in water 0.43%, matter soluble in cold alcohol 97.86%, acid number 46.81 and Iod number 16.39. Shellac from fabric manufacturing have its properties i.e.: moisture content 4.03%, ash content 0.27%, matter soluble in water 3.26%, matter soluble in cold alcohol 89.14%, acid number 41.01 and Iod number 31.35.Result of LSD test between experiment shellac and shellac from fabric are reveal highly significant different for ash content, matter soluble in water, matter soluble in cold alcohol and Iod number, but is not significantly different for the other properties.

PERCOBAAN FRAKSIONASI-DISTILASI MINYAK TERPENTIN DARI PINUS MERKUSII JUNG ET DE VRIESE Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 4 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Turpentine oil was optained from rosin factory in Paninggaran, Central Java, and Sukun, East Java. Both samples were separated by fractional distilation into several fractions. The distilling was conducted at boiling temperature with atmospheric pressure. The boiling point ranges were 156 - 164°C for the first fraction; 164 - 167°C for the second fraction; 167 - 170° C for the third fraction; and 170° C and upward for the residual fraction.The results indicated that the amount of turpentine fractions from Paninggaran and Sukun were consecutively 73.60% and 70.0% of first fraction: 1340% and 15.80% of second fraction; 3.17% and 3.79% of third fraction; and 9.97% and 9.86% of the residual. Based on the boiling temperature of each component, the first fraction is assumed to contain n-heptane, p-thujene, a-pinene, and camphene; β-pinene and myrcene in the second fraction; myrcene, β-phellandrene, and ∆3-carene in the third fraction; and the residual fraction contains, β-phellandrene. ∆3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, ά-and ɤ-terpinene, etc. The major components of turpentine oil are ά-and β-pinene. These components can be obtained by decreasing the boiling range to 154 - 158° C for ά-pinene and 164 - 166° C for β-pinene. The fractional distillation with these temperatures is expected to increase the utilization of turpentine as raw material for synthetic pine oil, perfumery, etc.

PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN PULP SULFAT DARI KAYU MAKADAMIA (MACADAMIA HILDEBRANDII VAN STEEN) Rena M Siagian; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 4 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Macadamia hildebrandii van Steen, commonly known as makadamia, belongs to the family Proteaceae. Until recently, this wood has not been widely used and only grown sporadically in several places in Indonesia mainly used for non commercial purposes. The wood material used in the. experiment was obtained from Sipangan Bolon, North Sumatra for both pulping trials and chemical analyses.The chemical constituents of the wood are typically of those tropical wood containing 46.6% cellulose, 24.6% of lignin, and relatively low 14.4% pentosan. The average specific gravity was 0.61 and the fibre length of 1.76 mm. The pulping experiment was conducted in laboratory digester employing 20% active alkali, 170°C maximum temperature wich was maintained for 120 minutes. The cooking sulfidity was made at 2 levels i.e. 25% and 30%.The makadamia pulp yield ranged from 32.4 to 34. 7% with low Permangante number 2.15 to 2. 64. The pulp strength was fair and comparable to those of the commercial types. By adding of anthraquinone catalyst at 0,1percent by weight of the wood material to cooking, a significant improvement in pulp strength was commenced. This is particular noticed when using 25% sulfidity during the pulping.

PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN DEKSTRIN DARI TEPUNG SAGU (Metroxylon spp.) Yacob Ando; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 2 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The experimental study of dextryn manufacture was conducted at the Forest Products Research and Development Centre laboratory in Bogor. The sago flour was obtained from Riau, originally extracted from female sago as signified by the absence of spine on the leaves. The sago starch was manufactured into dextryin at 80oC starting reaction temperature. Prior to the reaction sufficient amount of sago starch was bleached with 1% CaOCl2. The starch was allowed to settle down and dried. Umbleached sago starch was prepared as control. During the dextryn manufacture the HCl was gradually sprayed to the starch while elevating the temperature to 120oC, at which it was maintained for 2 hours. The reaction products were then tested and the properties compared with that of the existing standard. The quality of the dextryn manufactured was evaluated and discussed. The result of the experiment was slighty inverior compared with that of the superior and prima quality due to the low dextryn content.

MEMPELAJARI SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA DEKSTRIN SAGU BUATAN DAN KOMERSIAL Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 1 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Sago starch contains about 84. 7% carbohydrate. Further analysis of the carbohydrate indicate that about 73% consist of amylopectin (the branched polymers) and 27% amylase (the linear polymers). These components are potentially contributing to the production of sago-dextrin. The purpose of this research is to analyse the physico-chemical properties of the laboratory made sago-dextrin and the properties of the commercial one, to compare with the Indonesian Industrial Standard requirements for dextrin. The results indicated that the ash content and acidity, of both the experimental and the commercial sago dextrins have met the Indonesian Industrial Standard. The solubility in cold water, dextrose content of the commercial dextrin, and the moisture content of the experimental one have not met the Indonesian Industrial Standard. Higher yield can be obtained by using acid concentration below 0.05 M as catalyst and or hydrolyzing time under 5 minutes during the dextrin making process.

PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN KUALITAS DAMAR TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA DAMAR YANG DIMURNIKAN Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pelarut dan kualitas damar terhadap rendemen dan sifat fisiko-kimia damar yang dimurnikan, sedangkan sasarannya adalah untuk mencari pelarut organik yang dapat digunakan untuk memurnikan damar mata kucing dengan tetap memperhatikan kualitas damar yang dihasilkan.Berbagai kualitas damar mata kucing dimurnikan dengan menggunakan pelarut organik, kemudian dianalisis sifat fisiko-kimianya. Pengaruh jenis pelarut dan kualitas damar terhadap rendemen dan sifat fisiko-kimia damar yang dimurnikan dianalisis dengan rancangan faktorial A X B dengan 2 kali ulangan. Faktor perlakuan A merupakan jenis pelarut yang terdiri dari benzena, toluena dan tanpa perlakuan, sedangkan faktor B adalah kualitas damar mata kucing yang terdiri dari kualitas A, B, C, D dan kualitas E. Perbedaan nilai rataan antar perlakuan dianalisis dengan metode Duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pelarut organik dan kualitas damar mata kucing berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap bilangan asant, bilangan iod, kadar abu dan kadar bahan tak larut dalam toluena, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap bilangan penyabunan damar yang telah dimurnikan. Pemurnian damar mata kucing dengan menggunakan pelarut benzena menghasilkan sifat fisiko-kimia yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pelarut toluena. Berdasarkan persyaratan bilangan asam dan kadar bahan tak larut dalam toluena menurut SNI, pemurnian damar dengan pelarut organik mampu menaikkan kualitasnya. Kualitas damar mata kucing dari kualitas E menjadi damar kualitas D, sedangkan damar kualitas C dan B meningkat kualitasnya menjadi damar kualitas A. Pemurnian damar dengan pelarut organik dapat meningkatkan kualitasnya dan damar dapat dibentuk sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang memudahkan dalam pengiriman ke luar negeri.

PERUBAHAN KOMPONEN KIMIA BUAH MAKADAMIA (MACADAMIA HILDEBRANDII STEEN) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN Abdul Hakim Lukman; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 2 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This work investigates the use of macadamia (Macadamia hildebrandii Steen) fruit. The samples were obtained from Forest District of Simalungun, North Sumatera province of Indonesia. The nut samples were allowed to stand for a period of zero week as control, the others were kept for 4 and 8 weeks. The macadamia kernels were also stored for 4 and 8 weeks. The analyses comprised of the determination of moisture. ash, fat and protein contents.The study reveals that the moisture content varies from 17. 7 - 24.6 percent, ash from 2. 7 - 2.9 percent, fat from0.9 - 2.0 percent, and protein from 6.3 - 8.4 percent. Themoisture, fat, and protein contents were effected by fruit condition and storage time, while ash contents not influenced. The macadamia kernels stored for 8 weeks have smaller moisture content. Fat content of macadamia nuts decreased at stored for 4 and 8 weeks,and protein content of macada-mia nuts and kernels decreased at stored for

PERCOBAAN PENYULINGAN KAYU CENDANA (Santalum album L.) DARI KUPANG Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 2 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.2.80-84

Cendana oil, an essential oil extracted from Santalum album L. is an important non wood forest products from Indonesia. Recently, there has been a lot of inquiries on the quality of the oil obtained from different part of a tree and on the effect of processing condition on oil properties.In this study, the Santalum album L. wood was obtained from Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur province of Indonesia, where this wood is native to. The wood samples were prepared for further processing in two different sizes being those retained on and screened out wood particles of 40 mesh screen. The sample specimens were taken from trunk and root parts, then treated in three processing times. The yield and the chemical properties of the oil were measurea and recorded. A gas chromatography was employed in determining the santalol content of the oil and the result was analysed and evaluated.

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