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Surdiding Ruhendi
Pusat penelitian dan pengembangan hasil hutan
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ISOLASI DAN PENCIRIAN LIGNIN DARI LINDI HITAM DAN SENGON UNTUK BAHAN PEREKAT Adi Santoso; Surdiding Ruhendi; Suminar S Achmadi; Endang Suhendang
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 2 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.2.60-70

Abstract

Lignin   is  the  polymer   which   has  been   degraded    and  removed    in pulping  processes.     The occurance   of lignin  as  a waste  product   in pulp  mills  has  made   it an  attractive   raw  material  for adhesives    eversince    the  beginning   of  the  sulfite  pulping   of  wood.   Therefore,    the  isolation   and its  characterization   are   important  lo  achieve    effective    lignin   removal.    In  this   investigation,  isolation   and  characterization   of black  liquor  and  sengon   lignin  were  carried  out.  the  isolation of  lignin   was   performed   by  precipitation   of  lignin   from  black   liquor   and  the  preparation   of  lignin   by way  of  cellulose   dissolution   from   sengon   (Paraserianthes    falcataria  (L) Nielsen).  the  recovery   of  lignin  was  evaluated   in  an  allempt  to  optimize  recovery    at  high  purity   by  qualitative  analyses   (ie.   UV - and  IR - spectrometry)   and  quantitative  analyses   (ie.  percentage   of pure  lignin, equivalent    weight,    ash   content,    etc).    lndulin-AT     (commercial   lignin) is  used   as   standard   of comparison.the  result   indicates   that  black   liquor   lignin   is  guayacil    lignin  with  16,8   -  17,4%   methoxyl  content,    2.0   - 2.1  %  phenolic    hydroxyl  content,    11.  7 -  11.9%     ash  content   and  percentage    of pure   lignin  about   64. 2  -  71.1   %.  this   result   is similar  with  indulin   - AT.    the   result  of sengon lignin  analyses show   that  it is syringyl   lignin  with  26.7  - 27.2%   methoxyl   content,    0.8  -  0.9% phenolic   hidroxyl   content,    25.1   - 25. 6%  ash  content  and  percentage    of pure   lignin  about  36. 1 -46.2%.   Side  effect of  these  result  were  reactivity  of sengon   lignin  is  lower  than  lignin from   black liquor and indulin - AT,  therefore,   sengon  lignin has no potential  as raw material for adhesives.
PENGARUH JENIS ISOLAT LIGNIN DAN NISBAH MOL L/F PADA PEREKAT LIGNIN FORMALDEHIDA TERHADAP KETEGUHAN REKAT KAYU LAPIS TUSAM * Adi Santoso; Surdiding Ruhendi; Suminar S Achmadi; Endang Suhendang
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 8 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.8.293-299

Abstract

It has been known that lignin can be used as plywood adhesive for exterior purpose. The sources of lignin are black liquor indulin-AT (commercial lignin).A study on lignin formaldehyde  resin making from  black liquor and indulin-AT was done and the results were  used to predict  the effect of lignin  isolate type and L/F  mole ratio on plywood bonding strength. The results show taht the type of lignin isolate and L/F  mole ratio have highly significant  effect on plywood bonding strength. The mole ratio L/F of 1 : 1.50 and 1:1.75 by lignin isolate from  indulin-AT result in plywood bonding strength about 7.5 kg/cm2 and 8.8 kg/cm2,   respectively. The bonding strength of these plywood conforms with the 1983 Japanese standard for exterior purpose.                       
PENGARUH KADAR GABUS DALAM BAGASE DAN PERSENTASE SODA TERHADAP SIFAT UNDI HITAM DAN PULP (The influence of pith content in bagaae and percentage of sodium hydro:dde on the properties of black liquor and pulp) Bambang Wiyono; Surdiding Ruhendi; Kumia Sofyan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 1 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (12337.828 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.1.31-35

Abstract

In this investigation, the pith content of the bagaBBe samples were 10, .20, and 30 psrcent. Cookinf trials incoporated varioulpercentt11es of soda (NaOH) bei'ltf 15, 18, and .20 percent, concecutively. The cbndition applied were tiB follow temperature, 11(f C (maintained for one hour­), and the ratio of bagaBBe liquor bei111  1  : ''3. 76. The results were anolyd using the factorial design with a si111le replicate.Experimental results show  that  the increase in pith  content gave a signifieant effect  on.  the raidual   allcaliand(reeneBB.  The increasi111 of NaOH percentage provided liighly significant effect on the ash content, Kappa number, and brightness. The. increasingof NaOH also provided a significan teffect on the residualalkali. The increasingof pith contenttend to grow up residual alkali (Y   ­0.84650 + 0,18433 X) and freeness (Y=  13.08718 + 0.13333 X). Produced by 16'% NaOH, the residual alkali posse1111ed a lower significant effect  than 18 and 20% NaOH, as well as, NaOH of 18% owned a  lower than .20%.  Furthermore, NaOH of  16% produced Kappa number a higher higly significant effect  than  18 and aO% NaOH, and 18% NaOH owned a higher than 20%. The percentages increase of pith  in   bagaseto 80% produced Bimiliar to.from  bagasse of  10% pith   content.
SIFAT PULP SODA ANTRAKINON KAYU AKASIA (ACACIA MANG/UM WILLD.) DAN AGATHIS (AGATHIS DAMMARA RICH) Kayano Purba; Putritjatur Budilistyani; Surdiding Ruhendi; Rena M Siagian
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6263.32 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.3.198-204

Abstract

The  anthraquinone   soda pulping   trials have  been  conducted   by  using Acacia  mangium   Willd. and Agathis  dammara Rich  woods  to  investigate  the  effect   of  anthraquinone   and  its optimum  usage on  the pulp  properties.   The pulping  trials have   been   conducted    individually    in a.    rotary  digester   using  soda  process,   with   16% of  active  alkali,  wood   to  liquor ratio  1    :   4,  maximum    temperature   170°C   and  keeping   the  maximum   temperature   for  two  hours   The  anthraquinone catalyst  was given in five  levels, namely  0.00,  0.05,  0.10,  0.15 and 0.20% of  the  weight  of oven  dry basis wood.The  result  of  the  investigation   showed   that  the  variation  in anthraquinone    used had a significant  effect on the pulp yield,   tear  strength, tear index, stretch  and permanganate   number   of  the pulp  from  Acacia  mangium  wood.   By  adding the same  catalyst  in the pulping   trials of  Agathis dammara  wood  it was found  that such  treatment   had a significant  effect on   the  pulp   yield,    tear  strength,    tear  index,   tensile  strength,    tensile  index,   breaking  length,  folding   endurance,    and bursting  strength.It  was found   that  the addition   of  anthraquinone catalyst   tended  to  increase  of  the pulp  yield  of  Acacia  mangium and   Agathis   dammara,  and  to  decrease  the  permanganate    number   of   the  pulp   of  Acacia  mangium.   In  general,   the addition   of  anthraquinone   catalyst  is increasing  the physical  properties   of  both   wood  species,  but  decreasing the bursting strength   of  the  Agathis  dammara  putp.Compared   to  the classification   of  hardwoods.  from   tropical   forest   according   to  Misra,  based  on  the  pulp   yield, alkali  consumption,    permanganate    number,   and  stretch,    the  Acacia  mangium   pulp   could  be  categorized   as   the  first quality   class,  based  on  the  breaking  length  as the second  quality   class, and  based on  the folding  endurance   it could  be categorized  as the  third  or fourth   quality  class. The optimum  cooking  condition   of Acaciamangium  was obtained  by add- ing of  0.05%  of  anthraquinone   catalyst. The  optimum  cooking   condition   of  Agathis  dammara   was obtained   with  0.10%   anthraquinone   catalyst.  Based  on the  Indonesia  Industrial  Standard   (Sll.08030-83),   at  this  level.  the  resulting pulp  can subsitute   the  unbleached  sulphate pulp  from  conifer wood.
ISOLASI DAN PENCIRIAN LIGNIN DARI LINDI HITAM DAN SENGON UNTUK BAHAN PEREKAT Adi Santoso; Surdiding Ruhendi; Suminar S Achmadi; Endang Suhendang
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 2 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5304.164 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.2.60-70

Abstract

Lignin   is  the  polymer   which   has  been   degraded    and  removed    in pulping  processes.     The occurance   of lignin  as  a waste  product   in pulp  mills  has  made   it an  attractive   raw  material  for adhesives    eversince    the  beginning   of  the  sulfite  pulping   of  wood.   Therefore,    the  isolation   and its  characterization   are   important  lo  achieve    effective    lignin   removal.    In  this   investigation,  isolation   and  characterization   of black  liquor  and  sengon   lignin  were  carried  out.  the  isolation of  lignin   was   performed   by  precipitation   of  lignin   from  black   liquor   and  the  preparation   of  lignin   by way  of  cellulose   dissolution   from   sengon   (Paraserianthes    falcataria  (L) Nielsen).  the  recovery   of  lignin  was  evaluated   in  an  allempt  to  optimize  recovery    at  high  purity   by  qualitative  analyses   (ie.   UV - and  IR - spectrometry)   and  quantitative  analyses   (ie.  percentage   of pure  lignin, equivalent    weight,    ash   content,    etc).    lndulin-AT     (commercial   lignin) is  used   as   standard   of comparison.the  result   indicates   that  black   liquor   lignin   is  guayacil    lignin  with  16,8   -  17,4%   methoxyl  content,    2.0   - 2.1  %  phenolic    hydroxyl  content,    11.  7 -  11.9%     ash  content   and  percentage    of pure   lignin  about   64. 2  -  71.1   %.  this   result   is similar  with  indulin   - AT.    the   result  of sengon lignin  analyses show   that  it is syringyl   lignin  with  26.7  - 27.2%   methoxyl   content,    0.8  -  0.9% phenolic   hidroxyl   content,    25.1   - 25. 6%  ash  content  and  percentage    of pure   lignin  about  36. 1 -46.2%.   Side  effect of  these  result  were  reactivity  of sengon   lignin  is  lower  than  lignin from   black liquor and indulin - AT,  therefore,   sengon  lignin has no potential  as raw material for adhesives.
PENGARUH JENIS ISOLAT LIGNIN DAN NISBAH MOL L/F PADA PEREKAT LIGNIN FORMALDEHIDA TERHADAP KETEGUHAN REKAT KAYU LAPIS TUSAM * Adi Santoso; Surdiding Ruhendi; Suminar S Achmadi; Endang Suhendang
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 8 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.8.293-299

Abstract

It has been known that lignin can be used as plywood adhesive for exterior purpose. The sources of lignin are black liquor indulin-AT (commercial lignin).A study on lignin formaldehyde  resin making from  black liquor and indulin-AT was done and the results were  used to predict  the effect of lignin  isolate type and L/F  mole ratio on plywood bonding strength. The results show taht the type of lignin isolate and L/F  mole ratio have highly significant  effect on plywood bonding strength. The mole ratio L/F of 1 : 1.50 and 1:1.75 by lignin isolate from  indulin-AT result in plywood bonding strength about 7.5 kg/cm2 and 8.8 kg/cm2,   respectively. The bonding strength of these plywood conforms with the 1983 Japanese standard for exterior purpose.                       
PENGARUH KADAR GABUS DALAM BAGASE DAN PERSENTASE SODA TERHADAP SIFAT UNDI HITAM DAN PULP (The influence of pith content in bagaae and percentage of sodium hydro:dde on the properties of black liquor and pulp) Bambang Wiyono; Surdiding Ruhendi; Kumia Sofyan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 1 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.1.31-35

Abstract

In this investigation, the pith content of the bagaBBe samples were 10, .20, and 30 psrcent. Cookinf trials incoporated varioulpercentt11es of soda (NaOH) bei'ltf 15, 18, and .20 percent, concecutively. The cbndition applied were tiB follow temperature, 11(f C (maintained for one hour­), and the ratio of bagaBBe liquor bei111  1  : ''3. 76. The results were anolyd using the factorial design with a si111le replicate.Experimental results show  that  the increase in pith  content gave a signifieant effect  on.  the raidual   allcaliand(reeneBB.  The increasi111 of NaOH percentage provided liighly significant effect on the ash content, Kappa number, and brightness. The. increasingof NaOH also provided a significan teffect on the residualalkali. The increasingof pith contenttend to grow up residual alkali (Y   ­0.84650 + 0,18433 X) and freeness (Y=  13.08718 + 0.13333 X). Produced by 16'% NaOH, the residual alkali posse1111ed a lower significant effect  than 18 and 20% NaOH, as well as, NaOH of 18% owned a  lower than .20%.  Furthermore, NaOH of  16% produced Kappa number a higher higly significant effect  than  18 and aO% NaOH, and 18% NaOH owned a higher than 20%. The percentages increase of pith  in   bagaseto 80% produced Bimiliar to.from  bagasse of  10% pith   content.
SIFAT PULP SODA ANTRAKINON KAYU AKASIA (ACACIA MANG/UM WILLD.) DAN AGATHIS (AGATHIS DAMMARA RICH) Kayano Purba; Putritjatur Budilistyani; Surdiding Ruhendi; Rena M Siagian
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.3.198-204

Abstract

The  anthraquinone   soda pulping   trials have  been  conducted   by  using Acacia  mangium   Willd. and Agathis  dammara Rich  woods  to  investigate  the  effect   of  anthraquinone   and  its optimum  usage on  the pulp  properties.   The pulping  trials have   been   conducted    individually    in a.    rotary  digester   using  soda  process,   with   16% of  active  alkali,  wood   to  liquor ratio  1    :   4,  maximum    temperature   170°C   and  keeping   the  maximum   temperature   for  two  hours   The  anthraquinone catalyst  was given in five  levels, namely  0.00,  0.05,  0.10,  0.15 and 0.20% of  the  weight  of oven  dry basis wood.The  result  of  the  investigation   showed   that  the  variation  in anthraquinone    used had a significant  effect on the pulp yield,   tear  strength, tear index, stretch  and permanganate   number   of  the pulp  from  Acacia  mangium  wood.   By  adding the same  catalyst  in the pulping   trials of  Agathis dammara  wood  it was found  that such  treatment   had a significant  effect on   the  pulp   yield,    tear  strength,    tear  index,   tensile  strength,    tensile  index,   breaking  length,  folding   endurance,    and bursting  strength.It  was found   that  the addition   of  anthraquinone catalyst   tended  to  increase  of  the pulp  yield  of  Acacia  mangium and   Agathis   dammara,  and  to  decrease  the  permanganate    number   of   the  pulp   of  Acacia  mangium.   In  general,   the addition   of  anthraquinone   catalyst  is increasing  the physical  properties   of  both   wood  species,  but  decreasing the bursting strength   of  the  Agathis  dammara  putp.Compared   to  the classification   of  hardwoods.  from   tropical   forest   according   to  Misra,  based  on  the  pulp   yield, alkali  consumption,    permanganate    number,   and  stretch,    the  Acacia  mangium   pulp   could  be  categorized   as   the  first quality   class,  based  on  the  breaking  length  as the second  quality   class, and  based on  the folding  endurance   it could  be categorized  as the  third  or fourth   quality  class. The optimum  cooking  condition   of Acaciamangium  was obtained  by add- ing of  0.05%  of  anthraquinone   catalyst. The  optimum  cooking   condition   of  Agathis  dammara   was obtained   with  0.10%   anthraquinone   catalyst.  Based  on the  Indonesia  Industrial  Standard   (Sll.08030-83),   at  this  level.  the  resulting pulp  can subsitute   the  unbleached  sulphate pulp  from  conifer wood.
Co-Authors Adi Santoso Bambang Wiyono Endang Suhendang Kayano Purba Kumia Sofyan Putritjatur Budilistyani Rena M Siagian Suminar S Achmadi