Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBALAKAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN MDF (PAPAN SERAT BERKERAPATAN SEDANG) Rena M Siagian; Kayano Purba; Han Roliadi; M Yusuf Noorhajiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 3 (2000): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2000.17.3.123-133

Limbah pembalakan merupakan bahan baku potensial bagi industri pengolahan kayu. Meskipun terdapat dalam jumlah yang besar, namun pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. Salah satu pemanfaatannya adalah sebagai bahan baku MDF {Medium Density Fibreboard = papan serat berkerapatan sedang), suatu komoditi yang mempunyai nilai tambah tinggi. Untuk mencapai tingkat pcngolahan yang optimal dilakukan teknik pengolahan campuran bahan baku dengan pengelompokan berat jenis, yaitu : berat jenis rendah (0,31-0,45); sedang (0,46-0,60); tinggi (0,61-0,75); dan campuran kelompok berat jenis rendah, sedang, dan tinggi dengan proporsi berat 25%: 50%:25%.Pembuatan pulp sebagai bahan MDF dilakukan dengan metoda panas-mekanis (Thermomechanical Pulping =TMP) dengan perlakuan: pemberian uap panas selama 15 menit, tekanan 3 kg/cm2, suhu 120-135ºC dan penggilingan serpih selama 10 menit. Pembentukan lembaran dengan menggunakan proses kering. Perlakuan kempa dingin menggunakan tekanan 5 kg/cm2 pada suhu kamar selama 5 menit dan dilanjutkan kempa panas dengan tekanan 10 kg/cm2 selama 10 menit pada suhu 170ºC.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen pulp dipengaruhi oleh pengelompokan berat jenis kayu dengan nilai rendemen yang semakin menurun dengan meningkatnya berat jenis kayu.Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pengelompokan berat jenis kayu tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air. pengembangan tebal, pengembangan volume, dan kuat internal. Berat jenis berpengaruh terhadap sifat kuat tarik sejajar permukaan, keteguhan lentur, keteguhan patah, kuat pegang sekrup muka dan kuat pegang sekrup samping panil MDF. Nilai kekuatan MDF semakin rendah dengan meningkatnya berat jenis, kecuali sifat keteguhan lentur. Keteguhan lentur terbaik dihasilkan oleh kelompok berat jenis sedang dan nilai terendah dihasilkan oleh kelompok berat jenis tinggi.Sifat fisis mekanis MDF hasil perlakuan yang memenuhi persyaratan FAO (1966) adalah kerapatan, keteguhan lentur, keteguhan patah, dan kuat internal. Namun menurut persyaratan USDC (1980) hanya keteguhan patah panil MDF yang memenuhi syarat, yaitu yang terbuat dari kayu kelompok berat jenis rendah dan sedang.

PENGARUH PRAHIDROLISIS TERHADAP KUALITAS PULP RAYON ACACIA MANGIUM WILLD Rena M Siagian; Jefri R S; Bedyaman T; Kayano Purba
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 4 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Rayon grade pulping trials from Acacia mangium Willd have been studied with variation in pH and prehydrolysis time.Sulphuric. abid, water and sodium hydroxide were used as prehydrolysing agent at pH 4, 7, and 10 each were prehydrolized.for 30,and 60 minutes at 160°C. Following the prehydrolysis, the suphate pulping was conducted by using the active alkali 16%, sulphydity 25%. The maximum temperature was 170°C maintained for 90 minutes. The resulting pulps were bleached by C-E-H-E-H bleaching system and finally acidified with hydrochloric acid.The yield of unbleach pulp ranging from 37- 43% and permanganate number from 8.5 to 10.4.The increase of the prehydrolysing pH from 4 to 10 will decrease alpha cellulose content and viscosity while the beta, gamma cellulose content and alkali solubility tend to increase.The pulping trials under prehydrolysis pH 4 for 60 minutes of Acacia mangium gave the best alpha cellulose yield and lowest hemicellulose and ash content.

SIFAT PAPAN SERAT DARI KAYU ACACIA MANGIUM WILLD., EUCALYPTUS DEGLUPTA BLUME DAN EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA BLAKE Kayano Purba; Deden Edi Rusfiandi; Yusuf Sudo Hadi; M Rosid
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 5 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This paper deals with the study on the fiberboard properties of A. mangium, E. deglupta and E. urophylla. The cooking process applied consisted of hot caustic soda semi chemical process and prehydrolysis prior to mechanical pulping process.The hot caustic soda semi chemical process used the condition as follows: alkali concentration was 35 g/l, wood to liquor ratio was 1 : 8, maximum temperature was 100° C and this temperature was kept for two hours. The prehydrolisis prior to mechanical process was prepared in the autoclave with the wood to liquor ratio ;of . 1 : 8, maximum temperature was 175 ± 1°C and this temperature was kept for 60 seconds, and the pressure of 7 - 12 kg/cm2. Sheet forming was done by wet felting process in the deckle box, the pressing pressure was 50 kg/cm2, temperature was 170° C for 10 mi- nutes. Heat treatment was given for 3 hours at temperature of 170° C without pressure.The result shows that the cooking process has a significant influences on the moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, tensile strength parallel to surface and modulus of rupture of the fiberboard. Likewise, the wood species has a significant influence on pulp yield, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling. The interac- tion of both factors only significantly influences modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity.The highest pulp yield was from A. mangium followed by E. deglupta, and E. urophylla. Almost overall properties of fiberboard met the FAO standard, except for the water absorption and tensile strength parallel to surface of E. uro- phylla. The mechanical process produced fiberboard with better water absorption and thickness swelling than that of hot caustic soda semi chemical process. On the other hand the tensile strength parallel to surface and modulus of rupture of the fiberboard produced by hot caustic soda semi-chemical process was found better than that of the mechanical pulping.

SIFAT PULP SODA ANTRAKINON KAYU AKASIA (ACACIA MANG/UM WILLD.) DAN AGATHIS (AGATHIS DAMMARA RICH) Kayano Purba; Putritjatur Budilistyani; Surdiding Ruhendi; Rena M Siagian
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The anthraquinone soda pulping trials have been conducted by using Acacia mangium Willd. and Agathis dammara Rich woods to investigate the effect of anthraquinone and its optimum usage on the pulp properties. The pulping trials have been conducted individually in a. rotary digester using soda process, with 16% of active alkali, wood to liquor ratio 1 : 4, maximum temperature 170°C and keeping the maximum temperature for two hours The anthraquinone catalyst was given in five levels, namely 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% of the weight of oven dry basis wood.The result of the investigation showed that the variation in anthraquinone used had a significant effect on the pulp yield, tear strength, tear index, stretch and permanganate number of the pulp from Acacia mangium wood. By adding the same catalyst in the pulping trials of Agathis dammara wood it was found that such treatment had a significant effect on the pulp yield, tear strength, tear index, tensile strength, tensile index, breaking length, folding endurance, and bursting strength.It was found that the addition of anthraquinone catalyst tended to increase of the pulp yield of Acacia mangium and Agathis dammara, and to decrease the permanganate number of the pulp of Acacia mangium. In general, the addition of anthraquinone catalyst is increasing the physical properties of both wood species, but decreasing the bursting strength of the Agathis dammara putp.Compared to the classification of hardwoods. from tropical forest according to Misra, based on the pulp yield, alkali consumption, permanganate number, and stretch, the Acacia mangium pulp could be categorized as the first quality class, based on the breaking length as the second quality class, and based on the folding endurance it could be categorized as the third or fourth quality class. The optimum cooking condition of Acaciamangium was obtained by add- ing of 0.05% of anthraquinone catalyst. The optimum cooking condition of Agathis dammara was obtained with 0.10% anthraquinone catalyst. Based on the Indonesia Industrial Standard (Sll.08030-83), at this level. the resulting pulp can subsitute the unbleached sulphate pulp from conifer wood.

PENGARUH TEKNIK PEMUTIHAN PULP SULFAT TERHADAP MUTU PULP DAN LIMBAH CAIR Rena M Siagian; Han Roliadi; Kayano Purba; Melina Melina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 2 (1999): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1999.17.2.77-88

Di Indonesia, pengolahan pulp kimia berbahan baku kayu umunrnya menggunakan proses sulfat. Salah satu kelemahan proses sulfat ialah derajat kecerahan pulp yang rendah, sehingga memerlukan teknik pemutihan yang efektif saat ini mulai dikembangkan teknik pemutihan pulp dengan pengurangan dan atau tanpa penggunaan klorin elementer untuk menekan pencemaran lingkungan.Penelitian ini menggunakan kayu ampupu (Eucalyptus urophylla) dan sampinur bunga (Podocarpus sp.) asal dari Sumatera Utara. Pembuatan pulp menggunakan proses sulfat dengan kondisi pemasakan : alkali aktif 17%, sulfiditas 25%, suhu maksimum 1700'C, waktu pemasakan 4 jam dan bobot kayu banding larutan pemasak 1 : 4. Teknik pemutihan yang diterapkan adalah C/DEoDED. DEopDED. DEoDEpD dan CEHEH sebagai pembanding.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pulp kayu ampupu, modifikasi teknik pemutihan dari CEHEH menjadi C/DEoDED. DEopDED dan DEoDEpD, menghasilkan rendemen pulp putih yang tidak berbeda. Pada pulp kayu sampinur bunga, perbedaan teknik pemutihan menghasilkan rendemen pulp putih yang berbeda, tetapi semuanya di bawah rendemen yang umum diperoleh dengan proses kimia (<40%). Rendemen pulp putih kayu ampupu lebih tinggi dibandingkan pulp asal kayu sampinur bunga.Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa keteguhan pulp sampinur bunga lebih tinggi daripada pulp ampupu. Modifikasi teknik pemutihan CEHEH menjadi teknik pemutihan dengan pengurangan atau tanpa penggunaan klorin elementer menghasilkan kekuatan lembaran pulp yang tidak berbeda .Nilai BOD dan COD limbah cair pemutihan asa/ kayu ampupu lebih rendah dan lebih baik daripada asal kayu sampinur bunga. Modifikasi teknik pemutihan konvensional (CEHEH) dengan teknik pemutihan tanpa penggunaan klor elementer , yaitu DEopDED dan DEoDEpD dapat memperbaiki pH dan sisa klor dalam limbah cair pemutihan pulp baik pada kayu ampupu maupun sampinur bunga, namun belum memperbaiki nilai BOD dan COD.

PEMBUATAN PAPAN SERAT BERKEPARATAN SEDANG DARI KAYU DAUN LEBAR DENGAN PROSES PAPAN MEKANIS (thermomechanical of medium density fibreboard (MDI) from hardware) Kayano purba
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 8 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This paper deals with an experiment investigating the effect of presteaning time on the properties of medium density fibreboard. The boards were made of 15 wood species mixtures with an equal weight proportion of four specific gravity groups i,e 0.31 – 0.45; 0,46 – 0,60; 0,61 – 0,75; and 0.76 – 0.90.Pulp preparations were carried out by using thermo mechanically at 4 kg/cm2 for 10, 15 and 20 minutes and refined for 10 minutes. The sheets were formed by using the laboratory wet felting process. Cold pressing ( room temperature) and hot pressing (170°C) were conducted at 45 kg/cm2 for 5 minutes and 20 kg/cm2 for 40minutes, respectively.The experiment’s result also showed that the tensile strength parallel to surface, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity. Density, water absorption, thickness swelling and volume swelling of fiberboard were not significantly affected by the presteaming time, specific gravity and interaction of the both factors. It was also reviewed that an increasing specific gravity tended to lower the intodulus of rupture, tensile strength parallel to surface and modulus of elasticity, and tended to increase thickness swelling, volume swelling and water absorption.In general , the properties of the medium density fibreboard (density, water absorption, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) are comparable to those of the FAO standard requirements, but the tensile strength parallel to surface is tess than that of the FAO standard.

ANALISIS KIMIA DUA PULUH TUJUH JENIS KAYU JAWA BARAT Kayano Purba; Endang Sumarna
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 4, No 3 (1987): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Chemical analyses of wood species from different islands of Indonesia has been started by several workers. Most of the species studied were obtained from East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, East Java and South Sumatera. The analyses comprised the determination of cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash, extractives and the solubility in one percent of sodium hydroxide. These analyses were conducted to determine their basic characteristics and ultimate uses of the wood. In this report the result of chemical analyses of 27 wood species from West Java are presented as supplementing reference to the previous ones.The analyses reveal that the cellulose content ranges from 40.99-55.54 percent, pentosan from 12.49-19.54 percent and lignin from 17.20-28.86percent.The ash and silica content vary considerably from 0.19-1.43 percent and from 0.05-0.79 percent, respectively.The solubility in cold water varies from 0.11-7.20 percent, in hot water from 2.18-10.44 percent, in alcohol benzene (1 : 2) from 0.54-8.70 percent, and in one percent sodium hydroxide solution from 11.01-37.94 percent.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBALAKAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN MDF (PAPAN SERAT BERKERAPATAN SEDANG) Rena M Siagian; Kayano Purba; Han Roliadi; M Yusuf Noorhajiyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 3 (2000): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2000.17.3.123-133

Limbah pembalakan merupakan bahan baku potensial bagi industri pengolahan kayu. Meskipun terdapat dalam jumlah yang besar, namun pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. Salah satu pemanfaatannya adalah sebagai bahan baku MDF {Medium Density Fibreboard = papan serat berkerapatan sedang), suatu komoditi yang mempunyai nilai tambah tinggi. Untuk mencapai tingkat pcngolahan yang optimal dilakukan teknik pengolahan campuran bahan baku dengan pengelompokan berat jenis, yaitu : berat jenis rendah (0,31-0,45); sedang (0,46-0,60); tinggi (0,61-0,75); dan campuran kelompok berat jenis rendah, sedang, dan tinggi dengan proporsi berat 25%: 50%:25%.Pembuatan pulp sebagai bahan MDF dilakukan dengan metoda panas-mekanis (Thermomechanical Pulping =TMP) dengan perlakuan: pemberian uap panas selama 15 menit, tekanan 3 kg/cm2, suhu 120-135ºC dan penggilingan serpih selama 10 menit. Pembentukan lembaran dengan menggunakan proses kering. Perlakuan kempa dingin menggunakan tekanan 5 kg/cm2 pada suhu kamar selama 5 menit dan dilanjutkan kempa panas dengan tekanan 10 kg/cm2 selama 10 menit pada suhu 170ºC.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen pulp dipengaruhi oleh pengelompokan berat jenis kayu dengan nilai rendemen yang semakin menurun dengan meningkatnya berat jenis kayu.Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pengelompokan berat jenis kayu tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air. pengembangan tebal, pengembangan volume, dan kuat internal. Berat jenis berpengaruh terhadap sifat kuat tarik sejajar permukaan, keteguhan lentur, keteguhan patah, kuat pegang sekrup muka dan kuat pegang sekrup samping panil MDF. Nilai kekuatan MDF semakin rendah dengan meningkatnya berat jenis, kecuali sifat keteguhan lentur. Keteguhan lentur terbaik dihasilkan oleh kelompok berat jenis sedang dan nilai terendah dihasilkan oleh kelompok berat jenis tinggi.Sifat fisis mekanis MDF hasil perlakuan yang memenuhi persyaratan FAO (1966) adalah kerapatan, keteguhan lentur, keteguhan patah, dan kuat internal. Namun menurut persyaratan USDC (1980) hanya keteguhan patah panil MDF yang memenuhi syarat, yaitu yang terbuat dari kayu kelompok berat jenis rendah dan sedang.

PENGARUH PRAHIDROLISIS TERHADAP KUALITAS PULP RAYON ACACIA MANGIUM WILLD Rena M Siagian; Jefri R S; Bedyaman T; Kayano Purba
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 4 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.4.262-267

Rayon grade pulping trials from Acacia mangium Willd have been studied with variation in pH and prehydrolysis time.Sulphuric. abid, water and sodium hydroxide were used as prehydrolysing agent at pH 4, 7, and 10 each were prehydrolized.for 30,and 60 minutes at 160°C. Following the prehydrolysis, the suphate pulping was conducted by using the active alkali 16%, sulphydity 25%. The maximum temperature was 170°C maintained for 90 minutes. The resulting pulps were bleached by C-E-H-E-H bleaching system and finally acidified with hydrochloric acid.The yield of unbleach pulp ranging from 37- 43% and permanganate number from 8.5 to 10.4.The increase of the prehydrolysing pH from 4 to 10 will decrease alpha cellulose content and viscosity while the beta, gamma cellulose content and alkali solubility tend to increase.The pulping trials under prehydrolysis pH 4 for 60 minutes of Acacia mangium gave the best alpha cellulose yield and lowest hemicellulose and ash content.

SIFAT PULP SODA ANTRAKINON KAYU AKASIA (ACACIA MANG/UM WILLD.) DAN AGATHIS (AGATHIS DAMMARA RICH) Kayano Purba; Putritjatur Budilistyani; Surdiding Ruhendi; Rena M Siagian
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.3.198-204

The anthraquinone soda pulping trials have been conducted by using Acacia mangium Willd. and Agathis dammara Rich woods to investigate the effect of anthraquinone and its optimum usage on the pulp properties. The pulping trials have been conducted individually in a. rotary digester using soda process, with 16% of active alkali, wood to liquor ratio 1 : 4, maximum temperature 170°C and keeping the maximum temperature for two hours The anthraquinone catalyst was given in five levels, namely 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% of the weight of oven dry basis wood.The result of the investigation showed that the variation in anthraquinone used had a significant effect on the pulp yield, tear strength, tear index, stretch and permanganate number of the pulp from Acacia mangium wood. By adding the same catalyst in the pulping trials of Agathis dammara wood it was found that such treatment had a significant effect on the pulp yield, tear strength, tear index, tensile strength, tensile index, breaking length, folding endurance, and bursting strength.It was found that the addition of anthraquinone catalyst tended to increase of the pulp yield of Acacia mangium and Agathis dammara, and to decrease the permanganate number of the pulp of Acacia mangium. In general, the addition of anthraquinone catalyst is increasing the physical properties of both wood species, but decreasing the bursting strength of the Agathis dammara putp.Compared to the classification of hardwoods. from tropical forest according to Misra, based on the pulp yield, alkali consumption, permanganate number, and stretch, the Acacia mangium pulp could be categorized as the first quality class, based on the breaking length as the second quality class, and based on the folding endurance it could be categorized as the third or fourth quality class. The optimum cooking condition of Acaciamangium was obtained by add- ing of 0.05% of anthraquinone catalyst. The optimum cooking condition of Agathis dammara was obtained with 0.10% anthraquinone catalyst. Based on the Indonesia Industrial Standard (Sll.08030-83), at this level. the resulting pulp can subsitute the unbleached sulphate pulp from conifer wood.

Title

Found 14 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 14 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 14 Documents
Search