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Kurnia Sofyan
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PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN SECARA KERING PADA KONDISI VAKUM TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA RESIDU DAMAR MATA KUCING Bambang Wiyono; Kurnia Sofyan; Dedeh Kurniasih; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.2.89-101

Abstract

Dammar resin of Shorea javanica which its essential oil has been isolated can still be used for industrial purposes. Relating to this, the objective of the research is to investigate the effect of a vacuum dry distillation time on yield and the physico-chemical properties of dammar residue.A vacuum dry distillation technique of dammar was carried out at a pressure of 0.06 Pa, a temperature of 65 - 85°C for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours, respectively. Each of distilling times was triplicated. To see the effect of distilling time on the yield and properties of dammar residue, the data were analysed by a factorial completely randomized design procedure, and their different means values were tested with Tukey's procedure. The relationship between distilling time and the yield or its physico-chemical properties of dammar residue was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal regression in a SAS package.The results showed that distilling time gave a highly significant effect on yield, softening point, ash content, iod number, acid number and saponification number of dammar residue, except for unsoluble matter in toluene. The increase in distilling lime tent to decrease in the yield and acid number of dammar residue, but it also tent to increase in softening point, ash content, iod number, saponification number and unsoluble matter in toluene. Moreover, distilling time of 2.5 hours is the optimum time to give the highest values of softening point and iod number, but with the lowest value of acid number. Polynomial orthogonal analysis revealed that there were relationship between distilling lime and yield of dammar residue and its properties with a highly significance.Compared to Indonesian National Standard for dammar, dammar residue has not met the requirement for softening point, acid number and ash content criteria. To meet the requirement, it was suggested to increase the pressure in the vacuum dry distillation process with a proper condentation for this pressure.
PENGARUH LAMA AKTIVASI TERHADAP STRUKTUR KIMIA DAN MUTU ARANG AKTIF SERBUK GERGAJI SENGON Gustan Pari; Kurnia Sofyan; Wasrin Syafii; Buchari Buchari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 23, No 3 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2005.23.3.207-218

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh lama aktivasi terhadap perubahan struktur kimia dan mutu arang aktif. Arang aktif dibuat di dalam retor baja tahan karat yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas listrik pada suhu 850ºC dengan lama waktu reaksi 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit dengan menggunakan uap air sebagai bahan pengaktif. Evaluasi strukur kimia arang aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri inframerah (FTIR), X-ray difraksi (XRD) dan elektron mikroskop (SEM). Mutu arang aktif terbaik dihasilkan pada arang yang diaktivasi selama 90 menit.Rendemen yang dihasilkan sebesar 13,75%, kadar air 3,03%, abu 23,57% zat terbang 11,12%, karbon terikat 65,31%. Daya serap terhadap iodin sebesar 1003,9 mg/g, benzena 19,10%, formaldehida 40,55% dan metilina biru 282,19 mg/g. Mutu arang aktif yang dihasilkan ini, terutama apabila dilihat dari besarnya daya serap terhadap iodin dan metilina biru memenuhi persyaratan Standar Indonesia. Hasil pengkajian struktur arang aktif dengan menggunakan XRD menunjukkan tinggi (Le) dan jumlah (N) lapisan aromatik meningkat dengan makin lamanya waktu aktivasi, sedangkan lebar (La) lapisan aromatik dan kristalinitasnya (X) menurun dengan jarak antar lapisan (d) stabil. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa permukaan arang aktif mengandung ikatan C-0 dan C-B, dan hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan jumlah dan diameter pori meningkat dengan makin lamanya waktu aktivasi dan didominasi oleh makropori. 
PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN SECARA KERING PADA KONDISI VAKUM TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA RESIDU DAMAR MATA KUCING Bambang Wiyono; Kurnia Sofyan; Dedeh Kurniasih; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.2.89-101

Abstract

Dammar resin of Shorea javanica which its essential oil has been isolated can still be used for industrial purposes. Relating to this, the objective of the research is to investigate the effect of a vacuum dry distillation time on yield and the physico-chemical properties of dammar residue.A vacuum dry distillation technique of dammar was carried out at a pressure of 0.06 Pa, a temperature of 65 - 85°C for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours, respectively. Each of distilling times was triplicated. To see the effect of distilling time on the yield and properties of dammar residue, the data were analysed by a factorial completely randomized design procedure, and their different means values were tested with Tukey's procedure. The relationship between distilling time and the yield or its physico-chemical properties of dammar residue was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal regression in a SAS package.The results showed that distilling time gave a highly significant effect on yield, softening point, ash content, iod number, acid number and saponification number of dammar residue, except for unsoluble matter in toluene. The increase in distilling lime tent to decrease in the yield and acid number of dammar residue, but it also tent to increase in softening point, ash content, iod number, saponification number and unsoluble matter in toluene. Moreover, distilling time of 2.5 hours is the optimum time to give the highest values of softening point and iod number, but with the lowest value of acid number. Polynomial orthogonal analysis revealed that there were relationship between distilling lime and yield of dammar residue and its properties with a highly significance.Compared to Indonesian National Standard for dammar, dammar residue has not met the requirement for softening point, acid number and ash content criteria. To meet the requirement, it was suggested to increase the pressure in the vacuum dry distillation process with a proper condentation for this pressure.
PENGARUH LAMA AKTIVASI TERHADAP STRUKTUR KIMIA DAN MUTU ARANG AKTIF SERBUK GERGAJI SENGON Gustan Pari; Kurnia Sofyan; Wasrin Syafii; Buchari Buchari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 23, No 3 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2005.23.3.207-218

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh lama aktivasi terhadap perubahan struktur kimia dan mutu arang aktif. Arang aktif dibuat di dalam retor baja tahan karat yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas listrik pada suhu 850ºC dengan lama waktu reaksi 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit dengan menggunakan uap air sebagai bahan pengaktif. Evaluasi strukur kimia arang aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri inframerah (FTIR), X-ray difraksi (XRD) dan elektron mikroskop (SEM). Mutu arang aktif terbaik dihasilkan pada arang yang diaktivasi selama 90 menit.Rendemen yang dihasilkan sebesar 13,75%, kadar air 3,03%, abu 23,57% zat terbang 11,12%, karbon terikat 65,31%. Daya serap terhadap iodin sebesar 1003,9 mg/g, benzena 19,10%, formaldehida 40,55% dan metilina biru 282,19 mg/g. Mutu arang aktif yang dihasilkan ini, terutama apabila dilihat dari besarnya daya serap terhadap iodin dan metilina biru memenuhi persyaratan Standar Indonesia. Hasil pengkajian struktur arang aktif dengan menggunakan XRD menunjukkan tinggi (Le) dan jumlah (N) lapisan aromatik meningkat dengan makin lamanya waktu aktivasi, sedangkan lebar (La) lapisan aromatik dan kristalinitasnya (X) menurun dengan jarak antar lapisan (d) stabil. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa permukaan arang aktif mengandung ikatan C-0 dan C-B, dan hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan jumlah dan diameter pori meningkat dengan makin lamanya waktu aktivasi dan didominasi oleh makropori. 
Co-Authors Bambang Wiyono Buchari Buchari Dedeh Kurniasih Gustan Pari Poedji Hastoeti Wasrin Syafii