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Deteksi Penyebaran Geografis Penyakit CVPD di Bali Utara dengan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Ana Triwiratno; M Garnier; J.M Bove
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 2 (2003): Juni 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v13n2.2003.p138-145

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penyebaran geografis penyakit citrus vein phloem degeneration pada tanaman jeruk di Bali Utara hasil rehabilitasi jeruk, dilakukan di sepanjang Bali Utara pada ketinggian 10-1.000 m di atas permukaan laut dari berbagai keparahan gejala. Teknik deteksi CVPD yang digunakan adalah dengan metode polymerase chain reaction dengan tiga primer (oligenukleotida) spesifik CVPD O11, O12, dan OA1 yang sesuai untuk Liberobacter asiaticum dan Liberobacter africanum. Pelacakan DNA sampel yang teramplifikasi dilakukan pada 0,7% agarose dengan elektroforesis horisontal. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel asal pohon yang tidak bergejala memberikan reaksi PCR negatif. Sampel-sampel dengan gejala visual spesifik CVPD memberikan reaksi PCR positif. Hasil reaksi PCR selalu positif pada sampel-sampel dari pertanaman jeruk keprok tejakula pada ketinggian 10-700 m dpl. Pada ketinggian di atas 700 m dpl. tidak ditemukan hasil positif deteksi dengan PCR. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian CVPD di wilayah terinfeksi. Kata kunci: Citrus sp; CVPD; Deteksi; PCR; Penyebaran geografi. ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to evaluate the present status of CVPD disease on citrus trees after the citrus rehabilitation. This research was conducted along North Bali on 10-1,000 m above sea level. The technique of CVPD detection used was polymer- ase chain reaction with three specific primers (oligonucleotide) of CVPD O11, O12, and OA1 that are sensitive for both Liberobacter asiaticum and Liberobacter africanum. Identity of samples DNA amplified that were appeared on 0.7% agarose with horizontal electrophoresis. The result of observation showed of all samples from 11 symptomless samples on infected trees gave negative PCR reaction. The samples with specific symptom of CVPD gave positive PCR reaction. Based on the observation, the positive result was always obtained from orchards with altitude 10-700 m above sea level, but no reaction sign of PCR on samples from orchards above 700 m above sea level. This research re- sult can be used to arrange the control strategy of CVPD in infected areas.The detection technique can be used to deter- mine a strategy for controlling CVPD in that areas.

Keefektifan Entomopatogen Hirsutella citriformis (Deuteromycetes: Moniliales) pada Kutu Psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuw. Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; M Y Kurniawati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n3.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Diaphorina citri Kuw. (Homoptera:Psylidae) adalah salah satu hama penting pada tanaman jeruk dan merupakan vektor penyakit CVPD. Diaphorina citri dapat dikendalikan dengan insektisida, predator, parasitoid, dan patogen serangga. Pengendalian dengan patogen serangga, khususnya dengan entomopatogen sedang dikembangkan, salah satu yang ditemukan menginfeksi D. citri adalah Hirsutella citriformis. Di lapang H. citriformis ditemukan pada serangga dewasa dan tidak pernah menyerang stadia nimfa. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui stadia D. citri yang dapat terinfeksi oleh konidia jamur H. citriformis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap faktorial 2 faktor, dengan 20 perlakuan kombinasi, masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama stadia D. citri, yaitu imago, nimfa instar 3, 4, dan 5. Faktor kedua, yaitu konsentrasi konidia jamur, yaitu kontrol, 105 konidia/ml, 106 konidia/ml, 107 konidia/ml, dan 108 konidia/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa H. citriformis lebih patogenik terhadap stadia imago daripada nimfa (instar 3, 4, dan 5) dengan konsentrasi 108 konidia/ml dengan median lethal time 11,72 hari. Patogenisitas H. citriformis pada D. citri dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi dan stadia D. citri.ABSTRACT. Dwiastuti, M.E. and M. Y. Kurniawati. 2007. The Efectivity of Entomopathogen of Hirsutella citriformis (Deuteromycetes: Moniliales) on Psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuw. Diaphorina citri Kuw. (Homoptera Psyllidae) is one of the important pest in citrus, and the vector of CVPD disease. D. citri is normally controlled by using insectiside, parasitoid, predator, and insectpathogen. The control measured using insectpathogen, especially entomophatogen fungi has still being developed. The entomopathogen which was found attacking D. citri was H. citriformis. The research was intended to know which stadium of D. citri can be infected by H. citriformis. The study was designed in a complete randomize factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was D. citri stadium, i.e. adults, nymphs instar 3, instar 4, and instar 5. While the second factor was concentration of H. citriformis conidium, consisted of control (untreated), 105 conidia/ml, 106 conidia/ml, 107 conidia/ml, and 108 conidia/ml. The results showed that H. citriformis was more pathogenic on the adults of D. citri than the nymphs, and at 108 conidia/ml was the most effective concentration to kill D. citri with 11.72 days of median lethal time. The pathogenicity of H. citriformis on D. citri was affected by concentration of conidia rather than D. citri stadia.

Uji Patogenisitas Jamur Entomopatogen Hirsutella citriformis, Beauveria bassiana, dan Metarhizium anisopliae secara Eka dan Dwiinfeksi untuk Mengendalikan Diaphorina Citri Kuw. Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; W Nawir; S Wuryantini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n1.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Pengendalian kimiawi terhadap hama D. citri, vektor penyakit CVPD sudah banyak dilakukan, namun ada beberapa kelemahan dan efek langsung yang terjadi, antara lain biaya besar, resistensi serangga, dan pencemaran lingkungan. Penggunaan agens hayati berupa patogen untuk mengendalikan D. citri merupakan salah satu pendekatan ekologi dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Entomopatogen H. citriformis merupakan salah satu pilihan, di samping entomopatogen M. anisopliae dan B. bassiana yang sudah dikenal lebih dulu. Beberapa pengamat hama di lapang menduga infeksi alami H. citriformis lebih cepat mematikan D. citri bila ada jamur entomopatogen lain yang sudah menginfeksi lebih dahulu. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui patogenisitas H. citriformis terhadap imago D. citri dengan cara eka dan dwiinfeksi. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratoium Mikologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika Tlekung dan kebun jeruk milik petani di Jombang. Perlakuan yang di uji adalah H. citriformis, B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, dan kombinasinya. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dwiinfeksi B. bassiana dan H. citriformis menunjukkan hubungan sinergisme dan menyebabkan persentase kematian D. citri lebih tinggi disusul dengan ekainfeksi H. citriformis.ABSTRACT. Dwiastuti, M.E., W. Nawir, and S. Wuryantini. 2007. Pathogenicity Test of Entomopathogens of Hirsutella citriformis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae with Single and Double Infection to Control Diaphorina citri Kuw. The chemical control of D. citri, CVPD disease vector’s was one of major method applied in the field, but it has several side effects, such as of insect resistance or environmental pollution. Control measures of D. citri by using biological agents have the potency to reduce insecticide application, especially the use of H. citriformis entomopathogen, besides M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, that were popular before. Several field pest observers indicated that natural infection of H. citriformis could accelerate the mortality of D. citri if combined with other entomopathogens. The objectives of this study was to measure entomopathogenicity of H. citriformis in controlling D. citri in combination with other entomopathogens. The research was conducted at the Micology Laboratory, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropic Fruit Research Institute and Jombang citrus farmer field. The treatments tested were H. citriformis, B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and their combination. The randomized block design with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The results showed that double infection of B. bassiana and H. citriformis was most sinergism than others treatments, which caused highest mortality of D. citri, followed by single infection of H. citriformis.

Hubungan Gejala Blotching, Defisiensi Zn dan Fe dengan Hasil Deteksi Penyakit CVPD Jeruk dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; A Triwiratno; U.N Taflikan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 2 (2003): Juni 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v13n2.2003.p131-137

Identifikasi penyakit citrus vein phloem degeneration pada jeruk di lapang sering mengalami kerancuan, karena sulit membedakan dengan defisiensi hara, terutama Zn dan Fe. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hasil deteksi CVPD dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pada daun jeruk yang memiliki penampilan gejala khas blotching, defisiensi Zn dan Fe yang berasal dari Siompu (Kendari), Bali, Punten (Batu), Kalimantan Selatan, dan Madura. Penelitian ini perlu diinformasikan untuk mengklarifikasi tentang ketepatan identifikasi CVPD di lapang. Metode PCR yang digunakan mendeteksi Liberobacter asiaticum, adalah dengan amplifikasi 16 Sr DNA pada 1160 bp. Hasil deteksi menunjukkan, bahwa gejala khas blotching atau mottle, yaitu belang-belang kuning dengan pola tidak teratur pada helai dan tulang daun hijau atau menguning menampilkan pita tebal pada hasil elektroforesis, artinya mengandung L. asiaticum (patogen penyebab CVPD); sedang sampel bergejala defisiensi Zn dan Fe tidak menampilkan pita pada hasil elektroforesis, artinya gejala seperti ini tidak mengandung atau bukan disebabkan oleh patogen L. asiaticum. Kata kunci: Blotching; Jeruk; CVPD; Defisiensi; PCR; Liberobacter asiaticum. ABSTRACT. Field identification of citrus greening or CVPD is often questionable, because it is very similar to nutrient deficiency especially Zn and Fe. The aim of this observation was to determine result of CVPD detection by polymerase chain reaction analysis on citrus leaves with blotching symptoms, Zn and Fe deficiency symptoms. The samples were collected from Siompu (Kendari), Bali, Punten (Batu), South of Kalimantan, and Madura that those indicated CVPD contamination. Poly- merase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting Liberobacte asiaticum, with 16 Sr DNA amplification on 1160 bp. The result of detection showed that blotching or mottle characteristic symptom samples (yellow of the vein and adjecent tissues with irregular design) produced a thin band on electrophoresis gel, it means this samples contained L. asiaticum. Samples of Zn and Fe deficiency symptoms did not exhibit similar band, it means these symptoms were not caused by L. asiaticum.

Test of Various Carrier Materials Against Viability and Conidia Density in Some Liquid Biopesticides of Entomopathogenic Fungi Unun Triasih; dina agustina; mutia erti dwiastuti; susi wuryantini
JURNAL AGRONIDA Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda Bogor

Indonesia is a country that has a large biological diversity but has not been fully utilized for agriculture. The effectiveness of biological agents in controlling pests and plant diseases still needs further investigation, one of which is the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage on the viability and density of conidia in several entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces. This study used 5 entomopathogenic fungi isolates, 2 Beauveria bassiana isolates (JBG and JBR), 2 Metarhizium anisopliae isolates (JBG and UST), 1 Paecilomyces. Biopesticide carrier material consisted of 6 carrier materials, namely soybean decoction waste, soy washing waste, Potato Dextrose Agar, tapioca waste, rice waste, rice washing waste and coconut water. Biopesticides have been made one year before and the viability and complexity of the conidia is re-examined one year later. From the observations of conidial density, the best was found in Beauveria bassiana JBG liquid biopesticide of 4.8 x 10 x conidia / ml from the initial density of 3.4 x 10⁸ / ml in the soybean decoction (RK) carrier material. The highest viability was found in JBG Metharizium anisopliae on soybean washing waste material by 14%. Key words: Conidia viability, conidial density, entomopathogenic fungi

Potential of Antagonistic Fungi in Inhibiting the Growth of Botryodiplodia theobromae Fungi Causes Stem Rot Disease in Citrus Dina Agustina; unun triasih; mutia erti dwiastuti; rudi cahyo wicaksono
JURNAL AGRONIDA Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda Bogor

Soil microorganisms such as Trichoderma asperellum and Gliocladium sp have the potential to become biological control agents in inhibiting the growth of fungi Botryodiplodia theobrome which causes stem rot disease in citrus plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of T.asperellum and Gliocladium sp fungi in inhibiting the growth of B. theobrome fungus causing stem end rot disease in citrus plants. The antagonistic test was carried out using the dual culture method using PDA media; observations were made on the growth of pathogenic fungi and antagonistic fungi to measure their inhibitory power. The results of the observation and calculation of the fungal growth rate were analyzed using the T test with a level of 5%. The pathogen fungal growth rate in the antagonistic test was slower than control and inhibition of B. theobrome by T.asperellum and Gliocladium sp were respectively at 78.67% and 84.56%. The mechanism of the two antagonistic fungi has the nature of competition and parasitism because of the broader inhibition spectrum than the pathogenic fungi. Keywords: Botryodiplodia theobromae, Trichoderma asperellum, Gliocladium sp, antagonistic test.

Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Citrus nobilis from East Kalimantan: Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Agustina, Nensi; Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Triwiratno , Anang; Suharjono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.03.05

The current study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of soil characteristics and their relationship with mold abundance and potential in inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a potential rhizosphere mold species of Siamese orange plant. The pathogenic mold that causes stem-end rot disease was isolated from stems with rotting symptoms. In contrast, the antagonistic mold was obtained from isolation from the rhizosphere soil of Siamese plants. The samples were collected from Siamese orchards in East Kalimantan. The abundance and diversity of molds on swamp land are higher than on dry land. A total of 28 molds were found in the rhizosphere of Siamese orange plants. Mold abundance was positively correlated with soil moisture, organic matter, C-Organic, and N-total but negatively correlated with temperature and pH. Soil chemical characteristics directly influence mold abundance, while soil chemical characteristics indirectly influence it. 21 out of 28 isolates were Biological Control Agents (BCA). TR37 mold has the highest inhibitory power of 89.31% of the D13.C2 pathogen that causes stem-end rot disease. ITS rDNA sequence homology shows that the TR37 mold identified as Trichoderma reesei, while pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes stem-end rot disease

Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Citrus nobilis from East Kalimantan: Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Agustina, Nensi; Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Triwiratno , Anang; Suharjono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.03.05

The current study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of soil characteristics and their relationship with mold abundance and potential in inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a potential rhizosphere mold species of Siamese orange plant. The pathogenic mold that causes stem-end rot disease was isolated from stems with rotting symptoms. In contrast, the antagonistic mold was obtained from isolation from the rhizosphere soil of Siamese plants. The samples were collected from Siamese orchards in East Kalimantan. The abundance and diversity of molds on swamp land are higher than on dry land. A total of 28 molds were found in the rhizosphere of Siamese orange plants. Mold abundance was positively correlated with soil moisture, organic matter, C-Organic, and N-total but negatively correlated with temperature and pH. Soil chemical characteristics directly influence mold abundance, while soil chemical characteristics indirectly influence it. 21 out of 28 isolates were Biological Control Agents (BCA). TR37 mold has the highest inhibitory power of 89.31% of the D13.C2 pathogen that causes stem-end rot disease. ITS rDNA sequence homology shows that the TR37 mold identified as Trichoderma reesei, while pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes stem-end rot disease

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