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Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Citrus nobilis from East Kalimantan: Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Agustina, Nensi; Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Triwiratno , Anang; Suharjono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.03.05

The current study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of soil characteristics and their relationship with mold abundance and potential in inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a potential rhizosphere mold species of Siamese orange plant. The pathogenic mold that causes stem-end rot disease was isolated from stems with rotting symptoms. In contrast, the antagonistic mold was obtained from isolation from the rhizosphere soil of Siamese plants. The samples were collected from Siamese orchards in East Kalimantan. The abundance and diversity of molds on swamp land are higher than on dry land. A total of 28 molds were found in the rhizosphere of Siamese orange plants. Mold abundance was positively correlated with soil moisture, organic matter, C-Organic, and N-total but negatively correlated with temperature and pH. Soil chemical characteristics directly influence mold abundance, while soil chemical characteristics indirectly influence it. 21 out of 28 isolates were Biological Control Agents (BCA). TR37 mold has the highest inhibitory power of 89.31% of the D13.C2 pathogen that causes stem-end rot disease. ITS rDNA sequence homology shows that the TR37 mold identified as Trichoderma reesei, while pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes stem-end rot disease

Paxlovid in Kidney Failure: A Review Ardianty, Nonie; Suharjono; Hasmono, Didik
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v6i1.6486

The COVID-19 virus caused a global pandemic that claimed many lives. Various vaccines and drugs are used for COVID-19 both via intravenous and oral routes. Paxlovid is a treatment given orally to patients who experience symptoms and is even considered effective in reducing high-risk COVID-19 virus infections. Kidney failure is a special population that can worsen COVID-19. The purpose of this review article was to determine the effectiveness and safety of using Paxlovid in patients who have comorbid diseases, one of which is kidney failure. The method used in preparing this journal was the PRISMA diagram to select the right articles and Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect as literature sources. Based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, around 4 studies were obtained that were appropriate to the research topic. Paxlovid may be an important option to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in at-risk patients and unvaccinated patients, moreover, careful consideration of the benefits and risks to patients can be reviewed.

Use of Medication in Outpatient Hypertension Patients Bulqiah, Andi; Suprapti, Budi; Ardiana, Shafira muti; Alsagaff, M. Yusuf; Suharjono
Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan VoL 6 No 2 (April 2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there are 1.13 billion people in the world suffering from hypertension. Hypertension should be given special consideration due to its impact on both the short and long term, one of which is by providing appropriate pharmacological therapy. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the pattern of medication use in hypertensive patients. The current study is a retrospective observational study that examines drug use patterns in hypertensive patients with or without associated disease. Using time-limited sampling techniques, the study sample is drawn from an electronic prescription of outpatient hypertension patients at Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Hospital (RSUA) in March 2021. According to the findings of this study, the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medications were beta-blockers (29,66 %), ARB (27,51 %), CCB (26,17 %), aldosterone antagonists (6,72 %), loop diuretics (5,78 %), ACEi (3,98 %), and central α2 agonists (3,98 %) (0,14 % ). Antihypertension medications are prescribed singly or in combination. In hypertensive patients with co-morbidities, drugs other than antihypertensives will be prescribed to treat the co-morbidities. The most frequently prescribed non-antihypertensive drugs are antihyperlipidemia statin (45,1 %), platelet antiagregation (19,1%), and antiangina (13,8 %). The study concludes that antihypertension medications are used alone or in combination with up to five other antihypertensive medications, with the most common combination being three drugs in 45% of patients. Suggestions for this study are that it should be accompanied by direct patient identification to minimize the incidence of drug interactions and drug side effects in patients.

Analisis Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap Dengan Metode Defined Daily Dose Oktavia, Maria; Suharjono; Virdiyanti, Windi
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v5i2.5862

Antibiotik adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mencegah dan mengobati infeksi bakteri. Penggunaan antibiotik yang kurang tepat dapat memicu resistensi antibiotik yang merupakan masalah terbesar bagi kesehatan manusia. Resistensi antibiotik dapat meningkatkan length of stay (LOS), meningkatkan biaya pengobatan, dan meningkatkan angka mortalitas. Salah satu cara untuk menanggulangi resistensi antibiotik adalah dengan penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak. Metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) digunakan untuk menilai kuantitas penggunaan antibiotika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai DDD dan Drug Utilization (DU) 90% dari antibiotik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif yang dilakukan pada Januari 2021-Desember 2021 di Rumah Sakit dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode DDD dan DU 90%. Kriteria inklusi yaitu pasien rawat inap penyakit dalam dengan diagnosa infeksi yang menggunakan antibiotika. Jumlah sampel didapatkan 37 pasien yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode ATC/DDD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai total DDD pemakaian antibiotika adalah 83,3/100 pasien-hari dengan total length of stay (LOS) pasien adalah 215 hari. Antibiotika dengan nilai DDD paling tinggi adalah seftriakson yaitu 42,3/100 pasien-hari. Antibiotika yang masuk ke dalam segmen DU 90% yaitu seftriakson, levofloksasin, dan metronidazol, sehingga harus dipantau penggunaannya karena berpotensi pada risiko resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotika. Antibiotics are drugs used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Improper use of antibiotics can trigger antibiotic resistance, which is the biggest problem for human health. Antibiotic resistance can increase the length of stay (LOS), increase treatment costs, and increase mortality rates. One way to overcome antibiotic resistance is to use antibiotics wisely. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) method is used to assess the quantity of antibiotic use. The purpose of this study was determining the value of DDD and drug utilization (DU) 90% of antibiotics. This study was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection conducted in internal January – December 2021 at Dr. Soedarso Pontianak Hospital, and the data was analyzed using the DDD and DU 90% methods. The inclusion criteria were internal medicine inpatients with a diagnosis of infection treated with antibiotics. The number of samples obtained were 37, which were then analyzed using the ATC/DDD method. The results showed that the total value of DDD for antibiotic use was 83.3/100 patients/day and the total length of stay (LOS) of patients was 215 days. Ceftriaxone, with a DDD of 42.3/100 patient-day, had the highest DDD value. Meanwhile, antibiotics that fall into the 90% DU segment were ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, so their use must be monitored because of the potential risk of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Citrus nobilis from East Kalimantan: Diversity and Efficacy Mold Rhizosphere to Control Lasiodiplodia theobromae Agustina, Nensi; Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Triwiratno , Anang; Suharjono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.03.05

The current study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of soil characteristics and their relationship with mold abundance and potential in inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a potential rhizosphere mold species of Siamese orange plant. The pathogenic mold that causes stem-end rot disease was isolated from stems with rotting symptoms. In contrast, the antagonistic mold was obtained from isolation from the rhizosphere soil of Siamese plants. The samples were collected from Siamese orchards in East Kalimantan. The abundance and diversity of molds on swamp land are higher than on dry land. A total of 28 molds were found in the rhizosphere of Siamese orange plants. Mold abundance was positively correlated with soil moisture, organic matter, C-Organic, and N-total but negatively correlated with temperature and pH. Soil chemical characteristics directly influence mold abundance, while soil chemical characteristics indirectly influence it. 21 out of 28 isolates were Biological Control Agents (BCA). TR37 mold has the highest inhibitory power of 89.31% of the D13.C2 pathogen that causes stem-end rot disease. ITS rDNA sequence homology shows that the TR37 mold identified as Trichoderma reesei, while pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae causes stem-end rot disease

Aktivitas Antagonisme Cendawan Endofit terhadap Cendawan Penyebab Bintik Mata Cokelat Daun Kopi: Antagonism Activity of Endophytic Fungi Against Pathogenic Fungus That Cause Coffee Brown Eye Spot Asparita, Yulia Dwi; Aini, Luqman Qurata; Suharjono
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 5 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.5.242-254

Kopi merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan berperan sebagai sumber devisa negara. Namun demikian produktivitas dan kualitas kopi mengalami penurunan yang disebabkan oleh cendawan penyebab bintik mata cokelat pada daun tanaman kopi. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi pertumbuhan cendawan patogen tersebut ialah memanfaatkan cendawan endofit antagonisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi cendawan penyebab bintik mata cokelat daun tanaman kopi dan cendawan endofit antagonisnya serta mengevaluasi potensi dan mekanisme antagonismenya. Cendawan patogen diisolasi dari daun tanaman kopi dengan gejala penyakit bintik mata cokelat, sedangkan cendawan endofit diisolasi dari daun kopi sehat yang dikumpulkan dari Perkebunan Kopi Desa Taji, Kecamatan Jabung, Kabupaten Malang. Masing-masing cendawan dimurnikan berdasarkan metode monospora. Isolat cendawan patogen diseleksi berdasarkan uji patogenisitas. Isolat cendawan endofit diuji potensi antagonisnya terhadap isolat cendawan patogen terpilih. Isolat cendawan endofit dengan potensi tertinggi menghambat pertumbuhan isolat cendawan patogen diidentifikasi berdasarkan similaritas sekuens 18S rDNA. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat cendawan penyebab bintik mata cokelat memiliki similaritas sekuens 100% dengan Mycosphaerella coffeicola-PF2. Isolat cendawan endofit paling potensial mampu menghambat pertumbuhan isolat cendawan patogen, memiliki similaritas sekuens 99.94% dengan Colletotrichum sp.-EF1. Cendawan endofit Colletotrichum sp. menghambat pertumbuhan M. coffeicola dengan mekanisme kompetisi dan mikoparasit. Cendawan endofit Colletotrichum sp. dapat dikembangkan sebagai agens biopestisida untuk mengendalikan M. coffeicola penyebab penyakit bintik mata cokelat pada daun tanaman kopi.

Mechanism and Target Therapy of Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Literature Review Listiadewi, Afifah; Suharjono
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.8103

The malignant condition known as lymphoma affects the lymphoid tissues, bone marrow, and blood. Between 2009 and 2013, the incidence rate of lymphoma in the United States was approximately 22 per 100,000 individuals. Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are among the hematologic symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a highly diverse disease. Rituximab (RTU) and other monoclonal antibodies that target β cells are used as off-label therapy for SLE. Rituximab is a human CD20-specific chimeric monoclonal antibody. Rituximab can be utilized as an alternate therapy for SLE in addition to providing treatment for lymphoma. Rituximab has demonstrated positive effects and potential as a treatment for SLE in several clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of rituximab as a therapeutic agent targeting β cells in patients with SLE. The methodology used in this study is a literature review. The literature retrieval and search strategies were conducted using electronic means. A literature review of seven periodicals was produced by employing keywords to retrieve scientific material using the Boolean approach. Rituximab depletes and inhibits the activation of β cells in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus by binding to the Fc gamma IIβ receptor on both β cells and macrophages.

GENDERAN ADA-ADA GAYA NYI SUWANDA DALAM SAJIAN WAYANG KULIT PURWA GAYA YOGYAKARTA Suharjono; Santosa Nugroho, Aji; Siswati, Siswati
Keteg : Jurnal Pengetahuan, Pemikiran dan Kajian Tentang Bunyi Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Keteg: Jurnal Pengetahuan, Pemikiran dan Kajian Tentang Bunyi
Publisher : Surakarta: Jurusan Karawitan Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33153/keteg.v25i1.7258

This study was conducted to find out and explore the techniques, patterns and dynamics of genderan ada-ada wayang kulit purwa Yogyakarta style performed by Nyi Suwanda. In addition, this study is also a means of documenting genderan wayang kulit Yogyakarta style, especially female genderan. In ancient times, especially in the puppetry environment, genderan wayang was generally performed by female genderan. However, along with the progress of the era and the development of karawitan, there has been a shift with the emergence of male genderan in pakeliran karawitan. The uniqueness of the female genderan style of Nyi Suwanda, it is important to document in writing, with the aim that it can be known and studied by the next generation. Thus, the history of genderan wayang originating from female genderan is not interrupted. The research method used is descriptive analysis. The analysis is carried out through several stages, namely: observation by listening to recordings, participatory observation of transcription, identification of techniques, patterns, dynamics and drawing conclusions. Based on the analysis conducted, this study successfully obtained several findings regarding the elements of technique, pattern, dynamics, and laya performed by Nyi Suwanda in the presentation of ada-ada wayang kulit purwa in the style of Yogyakarta. The elements of technique that were successfully found included gembyungan and pipilan. The elements of pattern found included kawitan, baku, rambatan, and panutup. The elements of dynamics found included hard and lirih, while the elements of laya were found to tend to be magak (steady) and firm.

Diversity and Potential Analysis of Liquid Biopesticide Bacteria for Fusarium sp. Control of Shallot -Basal Rot Nur Aini; Suharjono
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2024.012.01.03

Shallot basal rot disease (Allium cepa L.) caused by the fungus Fusarium causes many crop losses thus control efforts are required. Microbial biopesticides are used as an alternative to control pests and plant pathogens that are environmentally friendly and target-specific. This study aims to evaluate the diversity of liquid biopesticide bacteria and their potential to control the Fusarium sp. pathogen of shallots. This study includes shallot sampling, isolation, and purification of liquid biopesticide bacteria, liquid biopesticide antifungal test, double culture antagonistic test of bacterial isolates against Fusarium sp., and identification of potential bacterial isolates based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity. The results showed that two bacterial isolates, B7 and B2, had the highest importance value index of 94.21% and 90.59%, respectively, with a bacterial diversity index of 1.44. Liquid biopesticide microbial biomass has a high inhibition zone in the antifungal test against Fusarium sp. with an average inhibition zone of 6.45 mm. Bacterial isolate B2 has the highest potential inhibition of 71.3% against Fusarium sp. and was identified as Genus Serratia with a similarity value of 96.79%.

Isolation of Mercury-Resistant Endophytic and Rhizosphere Microorganisms from Grasses in Abandoned Gold Mining Area Reni Ustiatik; Suharjono; Yulia Nuraini; Eko Handayanto
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 49 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Terdapat sekitar 900 titik pertambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) di Indonesia yang memperoleh emas melalui teknik amalgamasi dan sianidasi. Teknik amalgamasi menyebabkan pencemaran merkuri (Hg) di tanah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan (preliminary study) yang bertujuan untuk mengisolasi mikroorganisme endofit dan rhizosfer resisten Hg dari rumput pionir yang tumbuh di tanah yang tercemar Hg. Mikroorganisme paling berpotensi akan diaplikasikan pada fitoremediasi merkuri di penelitian selanjutnya. Sampel rumput pionir diambil dari lahan pertanian bekas kawasan pertambangan emas dengan teknik amalgamasi di Desa Bonjeruk, Kecamatan Jonggat, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Total mikroorganisme dihitung menggunakan Colony Forming Unit (CFU) atau Standard Plate Count. Koloni mikroorganisme dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri morfologi. Mikroorganisme endofit dan rizosfer yang resisten Hg berhasil diisolasi dari rumput pionir (Cynodon dactylon dan Eleusine indica) di lokasi penelitian. Koloni mikroorganisme rizosfer sangat beragam secara morfologi dibandingkan dengan mikroorganisme endofit berdasarkan jumlah mikroorganisme terisolasi, berturut-turut 20 isolat dan 17 isolat. Kepadatan mikroorganisme rizosfer lebih tinggi (96%) dibandingkan mikroorganisme endofit (4%). Kepadatan bakteri dan jamur rizosfer masing-masing adalah 47x103 dan 2x103 CFU g-1 sedangkan kepadatan bakteri endofit dan jamur masing-masing hanya 2x103 dan 1x103 CFU g-1.

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