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Preferensi Beberapa Varietas Tomat dan Pola Infestasi Hama Kutu Kebul serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Intensitas Serangan Virus Kuning Wiwin Setiawati; Bagus Kukuh Budiarto; Neni Gunaeni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 4 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n4.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Preferensi Bemisia tabaci terhadap tanaman tomat dilakukan pada 6 varietas tomat, yaitu Gress, Idola, Ovation, BTM-855, Martha, dan Cosmonot. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang mulai bulan September hingga Desember 2005. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati antara lain populasi telur, nimfa, dan imago yang terdapat pada daun atas, tengah, dan bawah, kerusakan tanaman, pola infestasi, intensitas, dan insiden penyakit virus kuning, dan hasil panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) varietas tomat yang paling disukai oleh B. tabaci adalah Gress, Idola, dan BTM-855, sedangkan varietas yang kurang disukai adalah Martha, Cosmonot, dan Ovation, (2) tidak terdapat varietas yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit virus kuning, (3) varietas Martha relatif tahan terhadap serangan B. tabaci, H. armigera, dan penyakit virus kuning dengan hasil panen cukup tinggi (42,09 t/ha). Varietas Martha mempunyai kerapatan dan sekresi trikhoma yang cukup tinggi sehingga efektif dalam mengurangi populasi B. tabaci, dan (4) B. tabaci lebih menyukai daun atas dibandingkan dengan daun tengah dan daun bawah.ABSTRACT. Setiawati, W., B.K. Udiarto, and N. Gunaeni. 2007. Preference and Infestation Pattern of Bemisia tabaci (Genn) on Some Tomatoes Varieties and Its Effect on Gemini Virus Infestations. Six tomatoes varieties of Gress, Idola, Ovation, BTM-855, Martha, and Cosmonot were evaluated in this study. The experiment was conducted at experimental field of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from September to December 2005, and laid in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The data observed were egg number, nymphal number, and adult number on the upper, middle, and lower of leaflets, plant damage, infestation pattern, percentage of infected plant, and marketable yield. The results of this experiment indicated that (1) the preferred varieties for oviposition and activity of B. tabaci were Gress, Idola, and BTM-855, while Martha, Cosmonot, and Ovation were the least preferred, (2) none of the varieties was found to be resistant against gemini virus, however Martha variety was somewhat resistant, (3) Martha variety was relatively resistant to B. tabaci, H. armigera, and gemini virus with the highest yield of 42.09 t/ha. This variety has high density of glandular trichome,which was effective in reducing oviposition and nymphal feeding, and (4) the number of B. tabaci was found higher at the upper leaf than the middle and lower leaf strata.

Insiden Penyakit Virus Tular Umbi pada Tigabelas Varietas Bawang Merah Asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Neni Gunaeni; Astri W Wulandari; Ati Srie Duriat; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p164-172

Penyakit virus tular umbi merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh virus yang infeksinya bersifat sistemik. Apabila partikel virus berada dalam jaringan benih umbi, maka akan sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dapat membawa masalah baru pada pertanaman berikutnya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada 13 varietas bawang merah yang berasal dari Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rancaekek (elevasi 650 m dpl.) dan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (elevasi 1.250 m dpl.), sejak bulan Agustus sampai November 2004. Perlakuan terdiri atas 13 varietas bawang merah, yaitu: Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, dan Philipina. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada masing-masing varietas bawang merah asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah berturut-turut yaitu varietas Lodra 84,67%, Sumenep 82,56-100%, Batu 39,86-78,67%, Merah Maja 95,25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66,27%, Bima Curut 78,57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57,98%, Bima Arjuna 47,96%, Kuning Tablet 57,48%, Kuning Gombong 97,92%, dan Philipina 97,92 %, (2) gejala infeksi virus pada daun umumnya berupa klorosis, mosaik bergaris kuning vertikal terputus-putus, garis-garis hijau vertikal, dan ukuran daun menjadi kecil, (3) gejala-gejala tersebut bereaksi positif dengan OYDV(onion yellow dwarf virus) dan SYSV (shallot yellow stripe virus) berdasarkan uji DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Informasi mengenai insiden virus tular umbi pada bawang merah ini sangat penting dalam rangka mengembangkan metode perbenihan bawang merah bebas virus. Virus disease is one of major problems in increasing shallots production, because its infection has a systemic character. If it is already in shallots bulb tissues, the virus is difficult to be controlled and will cause new problems to the next planting. The experiment was aimed to determine incidence of bulb-borne virus diseases on thirteen varieties of shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) originated from West and Central Java. The experiment was carried out at Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute Lembang (1,250 m asl.) and Rancaekek (650 m asl.), from August to November 2004. The shallot varieties tested were Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, and Philipina. A randomized complete block design with three replications were used in this experiment. The results of the experiment showed that (1) incidence of virus diseases in shallots bulb on variety Lodra was 84.67%, Sumenep 82.56-100%, Batu 39.86-78.67%, Merah Maja 95.25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66.27%, Bima Curut 78.57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57.98%, Bima Arjuna 47.96%, Kuning Tablet 57.48%, Kuning Gombong 97.92%, and Philipina 97.92 %, (2) the virus symptoms exhibited on infected shallots were yellow stripe mosaic, chlorosis, green stripe leaf, and leaves became small, and (3) the symptoms were associated with OYDV (onion yellow dwarf virus) and SYSV (shallots yellow stripe virus) base on DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Information on the incidence of viral diseases on shallots bulb is very important to develop the production technology of virus-free shallots bulb.

Pengaruh Pemupukan dan Tumpangsari antara Tomat dan Kubis terhadap Populasi Bemisia tabaci dan Insiden Penyakit Virus Kuning pada Tanaman Tomat Wiwin Setiawati; Neni Gunaeni; - Subhan; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p135-144

Pola tanam sayuran secara tumpang sari telah dimanfaatkan secara meluas di sentra-sentra produksi sayuran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan dan tumpangsari antara tomat dan kubis terhadap populasi Bemisia tabaci dan serangan penyakit virus kuning yang disebabkan oleh virus gemini pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 dpl.) dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Oktober 2008. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Dua faktor perlakuan yang diuji, yaitu (1) dosis pupuk (N 180 kg/ha + P2O5 150 kg/ha + K2O 100 kg/ha, N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg /ha, serta N 210 kg/ha + P2O5 183,125 kg/ha + K2O 181,25 kg/ha) dan (2) cara tanam (monokultur tomat dan tumpangsari tomat dengan kubis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dosis pupuk yang tinggi dan tanaman tomat yang ditanam secara monokultur dapat meningkatkan populasi kutukebul dan serangan penyakit virus kuning dibandingkan dengan dosis pupuk yang lebih rendah. Penggunaan dosis pupuk yang tinggi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi tomat. Penggunaan dosis pupuk N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha dan tumpangsari tomat dengan kubis dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen teknologi PHT untuk pengelolaan hama B. tabaci dan penyakit virus kuning pada tanaman tomat.The intercropping planting technique is widely implemented in vegetable production centers in Indonesia. The research on the application of different doses of fertilizers (N, P, and K) and the planting technique of tomato and cabbage on B. tabaci and the yellow disease caused by gemini virus was carried out at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from June to October 2008. The objective was to determine the effect of different doses of fertilizers (N, P, and K) and tomato-cabbage intercropping on the population densities of B. tabaci and incidence of gemini virus on tomato. A factorial randomized block design with two factors and four replication was used in the experiment. Two treatments factor were tested i.e. (1) different doses of fertilizers (N 180 kg/ha + P2O5 150 kg/ha + K2O 100 kg/ha, N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha, and N 210 kg /ha + P2O5 183,125 kg/ha + K2O 181,25 kg/ha), and (2) planting techniques (monoculture and tomato-cabbage intercropping). The result indicated that heigher doses of fertilizers resulted in higher population of whitefly per leaf and yellow virus symptoms on tomato compared to lower doses. Higher amounts of fertilizers did not significantly affect tomato yield. It is suggested that the dose of N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha, and the tomato-cabbage intercropping technique can be incorporated into the IPM program, especially for the management of whitefly and gemini virus on tomato.

PENGELOLAAN CABAI MERAH DENGAN FOKUS PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR DAN VIRUS MOSAIK Neni Gunaeni
Agrin Vol 19, No 2 (2015): Agrin
Publisher : Jenderal Soedirman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.agrin.2015.19.2.244

Virus mosaik pada tanaman cabai sebagai penyakit yang mudah menyebar dan pembawanya kutudaundisebabkan oleh virus CMV, ChiVMV, TMV, ToMV, PVY dan TEV. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkankomponen pengendalian dengan fokus pengendalian vektor dan penyakit virus mosaik. Penelitian dilakukan diBalai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran pada ketinggian 1250 m dpl pada bulan Juli - Desember 2011. Penelitianmenggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah. Petak utama adalah barier yang terdiri atas 3 level (jagung, kasa 50mesh dan tanpa barier) dan anak petak adalah rakitan komponen input produksi yang terdiri dari atas 3 level yaitu: PTT-1 (Kasa 50 mesh, Varietas Tanjung-2, pupuk kandang 30 ton/ha, pupuk anorganik NPK 1 ton/ha, predatorMenochilus sexmaculatus, biofungisida, bioinsektisida, perangkap likat kuning). PTT-2 (Kasa 50 mesh, VarietasTanjung-2, pupuk kandang 30 ton/ha, pupuk anorganik NPK 1 ton/ha, predator M.sexmaculatus, biofungisidadiselingi kimia selektif, bioinsektisida diselingi kimia selektif, perangkap likat kuning. Cara Petani (Tanpa kasa,Varietas Tanjung-2, pupuk kandang 30 ton/ha, pupuk anorganik NPK 1 ton/ha, Tanpa predator, fungisida,insektisida, insektisida + perangkap likat kuning). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan tidakmempengaruhi tinggi dan lebar kanopi tanaman, serta penyakit yang disebabkan patogen cendawan. Penggunaankasa mengurangi serangan virus dan antraknos, tapi tidak dapat menghalangi masuknya hama serangga kepertanaman cabai. Barier jagung meningkatkan populasi M. sexmaculatus dan hasil panen. Kombinasi perlakuanyang paling baik adalah lahan terbuka dengan PTT -1 dan cara petani.Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum L., vektor, penyakit virus mosaikABSTRACTMosaic virus in hot pepper as easily spread diseases and afid carrier caused by virus CMV, ChiVMV, TMV,ToMV, PVY and TEV. The purpose of this study was to gain control of the corresponding components with a focuson the control of vectors and Mosaic Virus Diseases. The study was conducted at the Indonesia Vegetable ResearchInstitute on altitude of 1250 m above sea level in July to December 2011. The study uses draft separated plots. Themain plot is a barrier crop consists of 3 levels (corn, gauze 50 mesh and without barrier) and subplot areassemblies consisting of production inputs on 3 levels: IPM (Integreated Plants Management) -1: (gauze 50 mesh,Tanjung – 2 variety, manure 30 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer NPK 1 ton/ha, predators Menochilus sexmaculatus,biofungisida, biopesticide, yellow sticky traps). IPM (Integreated Plants Management) – 2: (gauze 50 mesh,Tanjung – 2 variety, horse manure 30 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer NPK 1 ton/ha, predators M. sexmaculatus,interspersed biofungisida selective chemistry, chemical interspersed selective biopesticide, yellow sticky traps.Farmers Method: (without netting, Tanjung Variety - 2, manure 30 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer NPK 1 ton/ha,without predators M. sexmaculatus, chemical of fungicides, chemical of insecticides, chemical of insecticides +yellow sticky trap). The results showed that the combination treatments applied did not affect plant height andwidth of the plant canopy, as well as diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. The use of gauze as a barrier mayslightly reduce the attack virus and anthracnose, but can not prevent the entry of insect pests to crop chili. Plantcorn edge M. sexmaculatus increase predator populations and harvest. The best treatment combination is openland with IPM-1 and farmers method.Key words : Capsicum annuum L., vectors, mosaic virus diseases

Identifikasi dan Uji Ketahanan Cabai pada Tingkat Kematangan Buah Muda terhadap Penyakit Antraknose Colletotrichum acutatum Isolat Sukabumi Neni Gunaeni; Eli Korlina; Redy Gaswanto
Jurnal Riset Agribisnis dan Peternakan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

One of the most dominant diseases that attack chili plants is anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum). This disease can affect fruit, both newly formed and ripe, causing considerable losses in quality and quantity of up to 20% - 90%. The aim of the study was to select chili varieties/lines at the maturity level of young (green) fruit that could potentially be resistant to anthracnose (C. acutatum) on a laboratory scale. The study was carried out at the Vegetable Crops Research Institute with an altitude of 1250 meters above sea level from July to September 2019. Samples of chilies infected with anthracnose were taken from chili plants in Sukabumi and identified using the PCR method to obtain C. acutatum isolates. The treatment that was tried was carried out on 26 chili lines/varieties at the maturity level of young fruit (green). Each treatment consisted of 5 chilies and 1 (one) control treatment (without anthracnose infection). The research design in this study was a completely randomized design that was repeated 3 (three) times. The results showed that: (1). morphological isolates appear white and gray, and cream, white, peach for the color of the colonies on the bottom. (2). Isolate of C. acutatum from Sukabumi was identified by PCR method of DNA band measuring 490 bp. (3). The results of inoculation of chili at the maturity level of young fruit (green) with isolates of C. acutatum from Sukabumi obtained resistant strains/varieties: 2A (R4) CB, 4A (R-15) B, 4B (R09) CB, 5A (R- 10) CB with lesion diameter less than 5 mm.

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