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Pengelolaan Fisik, Kimia, dan Biologi Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Lahan dan Hasil Cabai Merah Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini; Duriat, Ati Srie
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 mdpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Juni 2004-Januari 2005. Tujuan percobaan adalah mengetahui pengaruhpemberian zeolit, jenis pupuk kandang, dan dosis NPK terhadap kesuburan tanah dan hasil cabai merah varietas Tanjung1. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri ataspemberian zeolit (0 dan 500 kg/ha), jenis pupuk kandang (kuda, sapi, dan ayam) masing-masing 20 t/ha, dan dosis NPK15-15-15 (250, 500, 750, dan 1.000 kg/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuanzeolit, jenis pupuk kandang, dan dosis NPK 15-15-15 terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah. Pemberian zeolit500 kg/ha tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, begitu pula terhadap pertumbuhan danhasil cabai. Jenis pupuk kandang yang berbeda pada tingkat dosis yang sama (20 t/ha) tidak berpengaruh terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil cabai. Jenis pupuk kandang yang paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah adalahpupuk kandang ayam. Pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dari 1.000 kg/ha menjadi 250 kg/ha tidak menurunkanhasil cabai merah secara nyata. Pemberian pupuk kandang perlu diberikan setiap kali bertanam, tetapi pupuk NPKtidak perlu diberikan secara berlebihan, agar produktivitas lahan dapat dipertahankan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N., R. Rosliani, and A.S. Duriat. 2010. Physical, Chemical, and Biological SoilManagement to Increase Soil Fertility and Hot Pepper Yield. The experiment was conducted at the ExperimentalGarden of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute-Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol soil type from June 2004 upto January 2005. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of zeolite, stable manure, and NPK fertilizerapplications on soil fertility and hot pepper cv. Tanjung 1 yield. The treatments were set up in a factorial randomizedblock design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three factors, viz. (1) zeolite (0 and 500 kg/ha), (2)kinds of stable manure (horse, cow, and chicken manures) 20 t/ha respectively, and (3) NPK 15-15-15 (250, 500,750, and 1,000 kg/ha). The results indicated that there were no interaction effects between zeolite, stable manure, andNPK 15-15-15 on the growth and yield of hot pepper. Application of zeolite 500 kg/ha did not significantly affect thephysical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil. It also did not affect on the growth and yield of hot pepper.The physical, chemical, and biological conditions of soil were not affected by the kinds of stable manure. But chickenmanure application gave the highest yield of hot pepper. Decreasing of NPK 15-15-15 dosages from 1,000 to 250 kg/ha did not significantly affect on the yield of hot pepper. Applying of stable manure (organic fertilizer) and adequatedosage of NPK fertilizer was necessary for each planting season to maintain the soil productivity
Insiden Penyakit Virus Tular Umbi pada Tigabelas Varietas Bawang Merah Asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Gunaeni, Neni; Wulandari, Astri W; Duriat, Ati Srie; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Penyakit virus tular umbi merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh virus yang infeksinya bersifat sistemik. Apabila partikel virus berada dalam jaringan benih umbi, maka akan sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dapat membawa masalah baru pada pertanaman berikutnya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada 13 varietas bawang merah yang berasal dari Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rancaekek (elevasi 650 m dpl.) dan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (elevasi 1.250 m dpl.), sejak bulan Agustus sampai November 2004. Perlakuan terdiri atas 13 varietas bawang merah, yaitu: Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, dan Philipina. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada masing-masing varietas bawang merah asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah berturut-turut yaitu varietas Lodra 84,67%, Sumenep 82,56-100%, Batu 39,86-78,67%, Merah Maja 95,25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66,27%, Bima Curut 78,57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57,98%, Bima Arjuna 47,96%, Kuning Tablet 57,48%, Kuning Gombong 97,92%, dan Philipina 97,92 %, (2) gejala infeksi virus pada daun umumnya berupa  klorosis, mosaik bergaris kuning vertikal terputus-putus, garis-garis hijau vertikal, dan ukuran daun menjadi kecil, (3) gejala-gejala tersebut bereaksi positif dengan OYDV(onion yellow dwarf virus) dan SYSV (shallot yellow stripe virus) berdasarkan uji DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Informasi mengenai insiden virus tular umbi pada bawang merah ini sangat penting dalam rangka mengembangkan metode perbenihan bawang merah bebas virus. Virus disease is one of major problems in increasing shallots production, because its infection has a systemic character. If it is already in shallots bulb tissues, the virus is difficult to be controlled and will cause new problems to the next planting. The experiment was aimed to determine incidence of bulb-borne virus diseases on  thirteen varieties of shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) originated from West  and Central Java. The experiment was carried out at Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute Lembang (1,250 m asl.) and Rancaekek (650 m asl.), from  August to November 2004. The shallot varieties tested were Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, and Philipina. A randomized complete block design with three replications were used in this experiment. The results of the experiment showed that  (1) incidence of virus diseases in shallots bulb on variety Lodra was 84.67%, Sumenep 82.56-100%, Batu 39.86-78.67%, Merah Maja 95.25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66.27%, Bima Curut 78.57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57.98%, Bima Arjuna 47.96%, Kuning Tablet 57.48%, Kuning Gombong 97.92%,  and Philipina 97.92 %, (2) the virus symptoms exhibited on infected shallots were  yellow stripe mosaic, chlorosis,  green stripe leaf,  and leaves became small, and (3) the symptoms were associated with OYDV (onion yellow dwarf virus) and SYSV (shallots yellow stripe virus) base on DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Information on the incidence of viral diseases on shallots bulb is very important to develop the production technology of virus-free shallots bulb.
Seleksi Tanaman Tomat Berdasarkan Ketahanan Pasif dan Aktif terhadap CMV Gaswanto, R; Gunaeni, Nani; Duriat, Ati Srie
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ialah menentukan cara seleksi yang efektif ketahanan tanaman secara pasif maupunaktif terhadap CMV untuk mendukung program pemuliaan tanaman tomat. Penelitian terdiri atas 2 tahap. Tahappertama dilakukan pada Juni-Desember 2001 dan tahap kedua dilakukan pada September 2002- Agustus 2003.Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.200 m dpl.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa seleksi ketahanan pasif tanaman tomat terhadap CMV efektif apabila diarahkan pada karakter morfologi daun.Tanaman yang tahan CMV memiliki karakteristik jumlah daun yang sedikit, tetapi berbulu lebat dengan jumlahstomata banyak. Seleksi ketahanan aktif tanaman tomat terhadap CMV efektif bila didasarkan pada indeks penyakitsecara visual yang ditunjang dengan teknik serologi melalui uji ELISA, karena tingginya peran gen aditif dalammengendalikan karakter konsentrasi virusABSTRACT. Gaswanto, R., N. Gunaeni, and A.S. Duriat. 2009. Tomato Selection Based on Passive and ActiveResistancy to CMV. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effective selection method either using activeor passive resistancy to CMV on tomato, for supporting tomato breeding program. The experiment was conductedat Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang consisted of 2 steps. The first step was conducted on June toDecember 2001, while the second step was held on September 2002 to August 2003. The results showed that passiveresistance selection to CMV on tomato would be effective if it was focused on the characters of leaf morphology.The plants resistant to CMV had fewer leaf number, dense leaf pubescence, and abundance of stomata numbers.Meanwhile, active resistance selection would be effective if it was based on index disease symptom supported byELISA test, because of high role of additive gene in controlling virus concentration
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bahan Nabati dalam Menginduksi Ketahanan Tanaman Cabai terhadap Vektor dan Penyakit Kuning Keriting Duriat, Ati Srie
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Penyakit kuning keriting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabk an oleh virus Gemini merupakan penyakit yang epidemik di berbagai daerah. Percobaan untuk menginduksi ketahanan tanaman cabai terhadap virus dan vektor penyakit kuning keriting dengan mengg unakan ekstrak nabati telah dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Virologi dan Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang selama 6 bulan (Agustus 2003 – Februari 2004). Kegiatan dilakukan 2 tahap di rumah kasa dan di lapangan. Penelitian di rumah kasa mengg unakan rancangan petak terpisah, petak utama terdiri atas 11 perlakuan induksi dengan bahan nabati, yaitu eceng gondok, rumput laut, tembakau, nimba, bunga pagoda, lamtoro, bunga pukul empat, bayam duri, dan kecubung, benzotiadiazol (sebagai pembanding positif), dan kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Anak petak adalah waktu dilakukan infeksi (challenged) dengan virus Gemini pada 24 jam, 5, dan 10 hari setelah induksi dengan ekstrak nabati (perlakuan petak utama). Percobaan kedua di lapangan menggggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan induksi 11 macam ekstrak nabati seperti kegiatan di rumah kaca, dan tanaman cabai yang sudah diinduksi langsung ditanam di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukk an bahwa (1) perlakuan ekstrak nabati umumnya dapat menaikk an tingg i tanaman, menurunkan preferensi serangg a Bemisia terhadap tanaman cabai, memperpanjang masa inkubasi gejala, menekan perkembangan penyakit, dan menaikk an hasil panen, (2) ekstrak nabati yang paling baik untuk menginduksi ketahanan tanaman cabai terhadap virus Gemini adalah berturut-turut bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa), bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus), lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), dan bunga pagoda (Clerodendrum japonicum), masing-masing >50%, (3) masa retensi ketahanan sistemik pada tanaman cabai berbeda-beda, yang paling baik adalah 24 jam setelah induksi ekstrak. Makin lama jeda waktu antara induksi dengan terjadinya infeksi (challenging) virus makin rendah daya hambat induser terhadap serangan virus Gemini, dan (4) kecuali bunga pagoda, ekstrak tumbuhan lain meningk atkan hasil panen buah cabai antara 15-37 % di atas kontrol.ABSTRACT. Duriat, A.S. 2008. The Influence of Plant Extract for Inducing Resistance of Chili Pepper Plant Against Pathogen and Vector of Yellow Leafcurl Disease. Yellow leafcurl disease of pepper caused by Gemini virus was epidemic in various areas. An experiment to induce plant resistance on this disease using botanical extract was done in Lembang for 6 months (August 2003-February 2004). The trials were arranged in a split plot design for screenhouse experiment and in a randomized block design for field experiment. The main plot in screenhouse were 11 treatments of extract plant resistence inducer (Eichornia crassipes, Euchema alvarezii, Nicotiana tabacum, Azadirachta indica, Clerodendrum japonicum, Leucaena glauca, Mirabilis jalapa, Amaranthus spinosus, Datura stramoium, plant activator benzothiadiazole, and control). While the subplot consisted of 3 levels of challenging time of Gemini virus, namely: 24 hour, 5 days, and 10 days after inducing time. Field trial was done to determine the influence of extract inducing plant resistance to the yield of pepper pod. The results indicated that (1) extract inducing treatments increased plant height, influenced preference of vector, delayed incubation time of virus symptoms, suppressed virus symptoms, and increased yield of pepper pods, (2) the best botanical extract to suppress virus symptoms were M. jalapa, A. spinosus, L. glauca, and C. japonicum (> 50%), respectively, (3) the best influence of induced systemic resistance was shown at 24 hours after inducing, more time of virus infection would be lower the disease suppression, and (4) except C. japonicum, all botanical extracts increased pod pepper yield between 15-37 % above control.
Pengelolaan Fisik, Kimia, dan Biologi Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Lahan dan Hasil Cabai Merah Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini; Duriat, Ati Srie
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n2.2010.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 mdpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Juni 2004-Januari 2005. Tujuan percobaan adalah mengetahui pengaruhpemberian zeolit, jenis pupuk kandang, dan dosis NPK terhadap kesuburan tanah dan hasil cabai merah varietas Tanjung1. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri ataspemberian zeolit (0 dan 500 kg/ha), jenis pupuk kandang (kuda, sapi, dan ayam) masing-masing 20 t/ha, dan dosis NPK15-15-15 (250, 500, 750, dan 1.000 kg/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuanzeolit, jenis pupuk kandang, dan dosis NPK 15-15-15 terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah. Pemberian zeolit500 kg/ha tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, begitu pula terhadap pertumbuhan danhasil cabai. Jenis pupuk kandang yang berbeda pada tingkat dosis yang sama (20 t/ha) tidak berpengaruh terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil cabai. Jenis pupuk kandang yang paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah adalahpupuk kandang ayam. Pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dari 1.000 kg/ha menjadi 250 kg/ha tidak menurunkanhasil cabai merah secara nyata. Pemberian pupuk kandang perlu diberikan setiap kali bertanam, tetapi pupuk NPKtidak perlu diberikan secara berlebihan, agar produktivitas lahan dapat dipertahankan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N., R. Rosliani, and A.S. Duriat. 2010. Physical, Chemical, and Biological SoilManagement to Increase Soil Fertility and Hot Pepper Yield. The experiment was conducted at the ExperimentalGarden of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute-Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol soil type from June 2004 upto January 2005. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of zeolite, stable manure, and NPK fertilizerapplications on soil fertility and hot pepper cv. Tanjung 1 yield. The treatments were set up in a factorial randomizedblock design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three factors, viz. (1) zeolite (0 and 500 kg/ha), (2)kinds of stable manure (horse, cow, and chicken manures) 20 t/ha respectively, and (3) NPK 15-15-15 (250, 500,750, and 1,000 kg/ha). The results indicated that there were no interaction effects between zeolite, stable manure, andNPK 15-15-15 on the growth and yield of hot pepper. Application of zeolite 500 kg/ha did not significantly affect thephysical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil. It also did not affect on the growth and yield of hot pepper.The physical, chemical, and biological conditions of soil were not affected by the kinds of stable manure. But chickenmanure application gave the highest yield of hot pepper. Decreasing of NPK 15-15-15 dosages from 1,000 to 250 kg/ha did not significantly affect on the yield of hot pepper. Applying of stable manure (organic fertilizer) and adequatedosage of NPK fertilizer was necessary for each planting season to maintain the soil productivity
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bahan Nabati dalam Menginduksi Ketahanan Tanaman Cabai terhadap Vektor dan Penyakit Kuning Keriting Ati Srie Duriat
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n4.2008.p%p

Abstract

Penyakit kuning keriting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabk an oleh virus Gemini merupakan penyakit yang epidemik di berbagai daerah. Percobaan untuk menginduksi ketahanan tanaman cabai terhadap virus dan vektor penyakit kuning keriting dengan mengg unakan ekstrak nabati telah dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Virologi dan Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang selama 6 bulan (Agustus 2003 – Februari 2004). Kegiatan dilakukan 2 tahap di rumah kasa dan di lapangan. Penelitian di rumah kasa mengg unakan rancangan petak terpisah, petak utama terdiri atas 11 perlakuan induksi dengan bahan nabati, yaitu eceng gondok, rumput laut, tembakau, nimba, bunga pagoda, lamtoro, bunga pukul empat, bayam duri, dan kecubung, benzotiadiazol (sebagai pembanding positif), dan kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Anak petak adalah waktu dilakukan infeksi (challenged) dengan virus Gemini pada 24 jam, 5, dan 10 hari setelah induksi dengan ekstrak nabati (perlakuan petak utama). Percobaan kedua di lapangan menggggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan induksi 11 macam ekstrak nabati seperti kegiatan di rumah kaca, dan tanaman cabai yang sudah diinduksi langsung ditanam di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukk an bahwa (1) perlakuan ekstrak nabati umumnya dapat menaikk an tingg i tanaman, menurunkan preferensi serangg a Bemisia terhadap tanaman cabai, memperpanjang masa inkubasi gejala, menekan perkembangan penyakit, dan menaikk an hasil panen, (2) ekstrak nabati yang paling baik untuk menginduksi ketahanan tanaman cabai terhadap virus Gemini adalah berturut-turut bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa), bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus), lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), dan bunga pagoda (Clerodendrum japonicum), masing-masing >50%, (3) masa retensi ketahanan sistemik pada tanaman cabai berbeda-beda, yang paling baik adalah 24 jam setelah induksi ekstrak. Makin lama jeda waktu antara induksi dengan terjadinya infeksi (challenging) virus makin rendah daya hambat induser terhadap serangan virus Gemini, dan (4) kecuali bunga pagoda, ekstrak tumbuhan lain meningk atkan hasil panen buah cabai antara 15-37 % di atas kontrol.ABSTRACT. Duriat, A.S. 2008. The Influence of Plant Extract for Inducing Resistance of Chili Pepper Plant Against Pathogen and Vector of Yellow Leafcurl Disease. Yellow leafcurl disease of pepper caused by Gemini virus was epidemic in various areas. An experiment to induce plant resistance on this disease using botanical extract was done in Lembang for 6 months (August 2003-February 2004). The trials were arranged in a split plot design for screenhouse experiment and in a randomized block design for field experiment. The main plot in screenhouse were 11 treatments of extract plant resistence inducer (Eichornia crassipes, Euchema alvarezii, Nicotiana tabacum, Azadirachta indica, Clerodendrum japonicum, Leucaena glauca, Mirabilis jalapa, Amaranthus spinosus, Datura stramoium, plant activator benzothiadiazole, and control). While the subplot consisted of 3 levels of challenging time of Gemini virus, namely: 24 hour, 5 days, and 10 days after inducing time. Field trial was done to determine the influence of extract inducing plant resistance to the yield of pepper pod. The results indicated that (1) extract inducing treatments increased plant height, influenced preference of vector, delayed incubation time of virus symptoms, suppressed virus symptoms, and increased yield of pepper pods, (2) the best botanical extract to suppress virus symptoms were M. jalapa, A. spinosus, L. glauca, and C. japonicum (> 50%), respectively, (3) the best influence of induced systemic resistance was shown at 24 hours after inducing, more time of virus infection would be lower the disease suppression, and (4) except C. japonicum, all botanical extracts increased pod pepper yield between 15-37 % above control.
Insiden Penyakit Virus Tular Umbi pada Tigabelas Varietas Bawang Merah Asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Neni Gunaeni; Astri W Wulandari; Ati Srie Duriat; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p164-172

Abstract

Penyakit virus tular umbi merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh virus yang infeksinya bersifat sistemik. Apabila partikel virus berada dalam jaringan benih umbi, maka akan sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dapat membawa masalah baru pada pertanaman berikutnya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada 13 varietas bawang merah yang berasal dari Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rancaekek (elevasi 650 m dpl.) dan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (elevasi 1.250 m dpl.), sejak bulan Agustus sampai November 2004. Perlakuan terdiri atas 13 varietas bawang merah, yaitu: Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, dan Philipina. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada masing-masing varietas bawang merah asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah berturut-turut yaitu varietas Lodra 84,67%, Sumenep 82,56-100%, Batu 39,86-78,67%, Merah Maja 95,25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66,27%, Bima Curut 78,57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57,98%, Bima Arjuna 47,96%, Kuning Tablet 57,48%, Kuning Gombong 97,92%, dan Philipina 97,92 %, (2) gejala infeksi virus pada daun umumnya berupa  klorosis, mosaik bergaris kuning vertikal terputus-putus, garis-garis hijau vertikal, dan ukuran daun menjadi kecil, (3) gejala-gejala tersebut bereaksi positif dengan OYDV(onion yellow dwarf virus) dan SYSV (shallot yellow stripe virus) berdasarkan uji DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Informasi mengenai insiden virus tular umbi pada bawang merah ini sangat penting dalam rangka mengembangkan metode perbenihan bawang merah bebas virus. Virus disease is one of major problems in increasing shallots production, because its infection has a systemic character. If it is already in shallots bulb tissues, the virus is difficult to be controlled and will cause new problems to the next planting. The experiment was aimed to determine incidence of bulb-borne virus diseases on  thirteen varieties of shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) originated from West  and Central Java. The experiment was carried out at Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute Lembang (1,250 m asl.) and Rancaekek (650 m asl.), from  August to November 2004. The shallot varieties tested were Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, and Philipina. A randomized complete block design with three replications were used in this experiment. The results of the experiment showed that  (1) incidence of virus diseases in shallots bulb on variety Lodra was 84.67%, Sumenep 82.56-100%, Batu 39.86-78.67%, Merah Maja 95.25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66.27%, Bima Curut 78.57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57.98%, Bima Arjuna 47.96%, Kuning Tablet 57.48%, Kuning Gombong 97.92%,  and Philipina 97.92 %, (2) the virus symptoms exhibited on infected shallots were  yellow stripe mosaic, chlorosis,  green stripe leaf,  and leaves became small, and (3) the symptoms were associated with OYDV (onion yellow dwarf virus) and SYSV (shallots yellow stripe virus) base on DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Information on the incidence of viral diseases on shallots bulb is very important to develop the production technology of virus-free shallots bulb.
Seleksi Tanaman Tomat Berdasarkan Ketahanan Pasif dan Aktif terhadap CMV R Gaswanto; Nani Gunaeni; Ati Srie Duriat
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v19n4.2009.p%p

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ialah menentukan cara seleksi yang efektif ketahanan tanaman secara pasif maupunaktif terhadap CMV untuk mendukung program pemuliaan tanaman tomat. Penelitian terdiri atas 2 tahap. Tahappertama dilakukan pada Juni-Desember 2001 dan tahap kedua dilakukan pada September 2002- Agustus 2003.Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.200 m dpl.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa seleksi ketahanan pasif tanaman tomat terhadap CMV efektif apabila diarahkan pada karakter morfologi daun.Tanaman yang tahan CMV memiliki karakteristik jumlah daun yang sedikit, tetapi berbulu lebat dengan jumlahstomata banyak. Seleksi ketahanan aktif tanaman tomat terhadap CMV efektif bila didasarkan pada indeks penyakitsecara visual yang ditunjang dengan teknik serologi melalui uji ELISA, karena tingginya peran gen aditif dalammengendalikan karakter konsentrasi virusABSTRACT. Gaswanto, R., N. Gunaeni, and A.S. Duriat. 2009. Tomato Selection Based on Passive and ActiveResistancy to CMV. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effective selection method either using activeor passive resistancy to CMV on tomato, for supporting tomato breeding program. The experiment was conductedat Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang consisted of 2 steps. The first step was conducted on June toDecember 2001, while the second step was held on September 2002 to August 2003. The results showed that passiveresistance selection to CMV on tomato would be effective if it was focused on the characters of leaf morphology.The plants resistant to CMV had fewer leaf number, dense leaf pubescence, and abundance of stomata numbers.Meanwhile, active resistance selection would be effective if it was based on index disease symptom supported byELISA test, because of high role of additive gene in controlling virus concentration
Co-Authors Agus Muharam Agus Muharam Astri W Wulandari Astri W Wulandari Nani Gunaeni Nani Sumarni Neni Gunaeni Neni Gunaeni R Gaswanto Rini Rosliani