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Kompatibilitas Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma harzianum untuk Mengendalikan Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Kentang Budi Marwoto; Hanudin -; Hersanti -; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p173-180

ABSTRAK. Dalam usaha budidaya kentang dijumpai berbagai kendala yang menekan produktivitas tanaman. Salah satu kendala yang paling penting yaitu patogen tular-tanah yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa patogen ini dapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil tanaman kentang 40–100%. Salah satu alternatif yang paling prospektif dalam mengendalikan R. solanacearum ialah dengan mengaplikasikan mikrob antagonis yang diisolasi dari alam. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma harzianum merupakan mikrob antagonis yang mampu mengendalikan patogen yang terbawa tanah sampai 70% dan mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman sampai 40%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi kompatibilitas mikrob antagonis dan dapat mengendalikan R. solanacearum pada tanaman kentang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, dan Laboratorium Bakteriologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2009. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dua nomor isolat bakteri yaitu P. fluorescens yang diisolasi dari rizosfer krisan, Segunung (Pf2), B. subtilis berasal dari IPB (Bs 12), dan satu isolat T. harzianum berasal dari Universitas Gadjah Mada (Th 1) kompatibel pada media yang banyak mengandung protein (King’s B), tetapi tidak kompatibel pada media yang banyak mengandung karbohidrat (potato dextrose agar). Indikatornya ialah indeks kompatibilitas ≤1. Aplikasi B. subtilis secara tunggal merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif mengendalikan R. solanacearum pada kentang. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh persentase penekanan perlakuan tersebut paling besar (35,27%) bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, kecuali perlakuan gabungan antara Bs 12, Pf 2, dan Th 1 yang sama-sama menunjukkan persentase penekanan sebesar 35,27%.ABSTRACT. Hanudin, Marwoto, B, Hersanti, and Muharam, A 2012. Compatibilities of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma harzianum to Control Ralstonia solanacearum on Potato. Among the vegetable crops cultivated by farmers, potato is the most important one. In cultivating the crop, farmers has faced many problems, the most important one is wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith. Based on the available data known that the disease reduces 40–100% of the total production. One of the alternative methods control which was more environmentally friendly applied by the use of antagonistic microbes isolated from the soil. Bacillus subtilis, P. fluorescens, and T. harzianum were abundance in the soil and easily be isolated from rhizosfer. The bacteria are reported to be effective to control soilborn pathogens in the field. Based on the preliminary research proven that the bacteria could reduce 70% of the total soilborn pathogens in the soil and increase crop production up to 40%. The objective of this study was to determine information of compatibilities between antagonistic microbe and bacterial wilt which had control on potato. The research were conducted in Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Padjadjaran University, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, and Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, on March to December 2009. The results showed that isolates of P. fluorescens (Pf2), B. subtilis (Bs12), and T. harzianum (Th1) were compatible on medium which containing protein (King’s B), but were not copmatible on medium containing carbohydrate (PDA). The indicator is compatibility index ≤1. Single application of B. subtilis was effective to control R. solanacearum on potato, suppression wilt biggest (35,27%), if compared with other treatments except combination between Bs 12, Pf 2, and Th 1 treatments was 35,27 % too.

Teknik Perbanyakan Masal Predator Menochilus sexmaculatus Pengendali Serangga Bemisia tabaci Vektor Virus Kuning pada Tanaman Cabai Agus Muharam; Wiwin Setiawati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 4 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n4.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Bemisia tabaci Genn. merupakan hama penting pada tanaman cabai merah. Peran penting lainnya adalah sebagai serangga vektor penular virus gemini yang menyebabkan penyakit kuning pada komoditas tersebut. Penelitian mengenai teknik perbanyakan masal predator Menochilus sexmaculatus pengendali serangga B. tabaci vektor virus kuning pada tanaman cabai telah dilaksanakan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang sejak bulan April sampai dengan November 2006. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap, yaitu (1) perbanyakan M. sexmaculatus, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial, dengan 4 tanaman inang dan 2 serangga mangsa, dan (2) uji daya mangsa pada B. tabaci dan Myzus persicae, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara tanaman dan mangsa yang digunakan. Tanaman caisin dan mangsa M. persicae merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik untuk perbanyakan predator M. sexmaculatus dan dapat menghasilkan telur sebanyak 893,33 butir, diikuti oleh kombinasi antara tongkol jagung dan M. persicae serta caisin dan B. tabaci, seekor betina M. sexmaculatus mampu menghasilkan telur sebanyak 140-975 butir selama 8-11 hari atau 12-89 ekor/hari. Puncak peneluran terjadi pada hari ke-5 sampai hari ke-7, mortalitas larva M. sexmaculatus berkisar antara 28,66-45,47%, perbandingan antara jantan:betina 1:1, selama 24 jam M. sexmaculatus mampu memangsa B. tabaci sebanyak 51,50 ekor dan pada M. persicae sebanyak 168,50 ekor; daur hidup predator M. sexmaculatus berkisar antara 56 hingga 78 hari dengan rincian telur 4-5 hari, larva 20-25 hari, pupa 4-6 hari dan imago 28-42 hari. Stadia imago terutama betina lebih banyak memangsa B. tabaci dibandingkan dengan jantan ataupun stadia larva. Predator betina paling cepat menemukan mangsa dibandingkan dengan jantan ataupun larva. Predator M. sexmaculatus betina hanya memerlukan waktu 20,33 detik pada jumlah mangsa 120 ekor. Penggunaan M. sexmaculatus untuk pengendalian B. tabaci secara hayati sangat potensial untuk menekan penggunaan insektisida sintetis.ABSTRACT. Muharam, A. and W. Setiawati. 2007. The Mass Propagation Technique of Menochilus sexmaculatus, the Predator of Bemisia tabaci, the Chilli-Yellow-Viruses Transmitting Vector. Bemisia tabaci is apparently known as one of the major pests on chilli pepper. Another important role of the pest is the capability of transmitting gemini virus on chilli pepper causing yellow diseases. A study on mass propagation of M. sexmaculatus, the predator of B. tabaci, was carried out in Screenhouses of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, from April to November 2006. Consecutive steps of the study were (1) propagation of the predator using a factorial randomized block design, with 4 host plants and 2 preys, and (2) the test of the capability of M. sexmaculatus as the predator of B. tabaci and Myzus persicae, utilyzing a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The results indicated that a correlation was occurred between host plants and preys. The combination of Brassica sinensis as a host plant with M. persicae as a prey resulted in the best treatment for propagation of the predator with eggs production of 893.33, followed by the combinations of Zea mays with M. persicae, and B. sinensis with B. tabaci. One female of M. sexmaculatus was able to produce 140 to 975 eggs within 8 to 11 days, or 12 to 89 eggs per day. The peak of egg production was occurred from the 5th to 7th day. Mortality of M. sexmaculatus larvae was between 28.66 and 45.47%. The best ratio of female and male of the predator was 1 : 1. Within 24 hours the predator was able to attack B. tabaci and M. persicae up to 51.50 and 168.50 larvae, respectively. Life cycle of the predator was between 56 and 78 days: egg 4-5 days, larvae 20-25 days, pupa 4-6 days, and imago for 28-42 days. Female predators attacked B. tabaci much more than male and larvae. Female predators found preys faster than male ones and larvae, 20.33 seconds for 120 preys. The application of M. sexmaculatus for biological control of B. tabaci will obviously decrease the use of synthetic insecticides.

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat dan Aktivitas Mikroba Tanah Suliasih Suliasih; S Widawati; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n3.2010.p%p

ABSTRAK. Pemanfaatan bahan organik untuk budidaya tomat dewasa ini difokuskan untuk menekan penggunaanbahan kimia yang berlebihan, sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat diminimalkan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di DesaCidawu, Cibodas, Cianjur (1.250 m dpl.), sejak Januari sampai Desember 2007. Pupuk organik yang digunakanyaitu kompos dan kotoran ayam + sekam, sedangkan pupuk hayati yaitu bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphatesolubilizing bacteria = PSB). Tujuan percobaan adalah mendapatkan inokulan yang efektif untuk meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil tomat, serta menstimulasi aktivitas mikroba dan enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu tanpa pemupukan maupun inokulan (K),pemberian inokulan PSB (P1), pemberian kompos (P2), pemberian kotoran ayam+sekam (P3), dan pemberianpupuk kimia NPK (P4), masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Varietas tomat yang digunakan adalah Gondol.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik atau inokulan PSB dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhantanaman tomat dan hasil buahnya, serta populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Pemberianinokulan PSB menghasilkan peubah tinggi tanaman tomat tertinggi (108,3 cm) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (72,3cm), dan meningkatkan hasil buah sebanyak 88,2% dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan juga lebih tinggi daripadapemberian pupuk kimia NPK. Peningkatan tertinggi populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase asam serta basadalam tanah setelah panen tomat juga diperoleh dari pemberian inokulan PSB dibandingkan dengan perlakuanlain. Implementasi inokulan PSB dan pupuk organik secara meluas dalam pembudidayaan tomat diharapkandapat mendorong peningkatan produksi, produktivitas, dan mutu buah tomat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar.ABSTRACT. Suliasih, S. Widawati, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Application of Organic Fertilizers andPhosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Increase the Growth of Tomato and Soil Microbial Activities. The use oforganic matters on tomato cultivation is focused to decrease the utilization of chemical substances for minimizingenvironmental degradation. An experiment was conducted at Cidawu Village, Cibodas, Cianjur (1,250 m asl.) todetermine the suitable and effective inoculant to increase the growth of tomato plants, and also to stimulate soil microbialactivities. The tomato variety used was Gondol. The organic fertilizers were compost, chicken dung plus rice husk,and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as a biofertilizer. A randomized block design with three replications wasutilized in this experiment. The treatments consisted of without organic fertilizers or PSB (control) (K), inoculationof PSB (P1), application of compost (P2), (4) application of chicken dung plus rice husk (P3), and application of thechemical fertilizer (NPK) (P4). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers and PSB increased thegrowth of tomato plants and also PSB population, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the soil after harvesting.The inoculation of PSB resulted in heighest plant height (108.3 cm) compared to control (72.3 cm) and also thehighest tomato yield compared to the control treatment (88.2%), and even it was higher than the yield caused by theapplication of the chemical fertilizer. The highest increase of PSB population and the activities of acid and alkalinephosphatase enzymes in soil after harvesting was also caused by the application of the PSB inoculant compared to theother treatments. The applications of organic fertilizers and PSB for wide scale cultivation of tomato expectantly playan important role for increasing production, productivity, and quality of tomato to fulfill market demand for the product.

Studi Pembuatan Antiserum Poliklonal untuk Deteksi Cepat Virus Mosaik Mentimun pada Krisan Indiarto Budi Rahardjo; Agus Muharam; Yoyo Sulyo
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 15, No 2 (2005): Juni 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v15n2.2005.p%p

Virus mosaik mentimun merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada berbagai tanaman hortikultura, termasuk tanaman krisan. Untuk mengetahui secara dini infeksi virus pada tanaman, maka perlu dikembangkan metode deteksi cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan antiserum poliklonal untuk deteksi cepat virus mosaik mentimun pada krisan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Virologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Segunung dari bulan April sampai Desember 2000. Antiserum terhadap CMV pada tanaman krisan telah dihasilkan dengan cara penyuntikan virus murni CMV pada kelinci dengan konsentrasi setiap penyuntikan sebesar 1 mg/ml. Antiserum yang diuji terdiri dari enam periode pengambilan darah. Pengujian menggunakan metode ELISA tidak langsung. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dari enam kali pengambilan darah ternyata bereaksi positif, yaitu dengan adanya konsentrasi antibodi dalam darah meningkat. Antiserum juga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi langsung terhadap ekstrak daun krisan yang terinfeksi CMV. Kepekaan antiserum tertinggi pada pengambilan darah ke empat dan ke enam dengan konsentrasi 1/100 dan 1/500 terhadap pengenceran sampel 1/10 dan 1/100. Study on developing of polyclonal antiserum for rapid detection of cucumber mosaic virus on chrysanthemum. Cucumber mosaic virus is one the major pathogens on some horticulture crops, including chrysanthemum. A rapid detection method should be developed to support the evaluation of initial infection of the virus in plants. The objective of this experiment was to obtain polyclonal antiserum to CMV on chrysanthemum for rapid detection. The experiment was conducted in Virology Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Plants Institute in Segunung from April to December 2000. A polyclonal CMV antiserum had been produced by injections of purified CMV into rabbits with concentration 1 mg/ml each injections. The antiserum from six bleeding periods were tested. An indirect ELISA method was used to determine the sensitivity of the antiserum. Results indicated that six bleeding periods had positive reaction, with concentration of the virus antibodies increased gradually from the first to the sixth bleedings. The antiserum can also be directly used to detect CMV from infected chrysanthemum plants. The highest antiserum sensitivity were the fourth and sixth bleedings with concentration 1/100 and 1/500 to sample dilution 1/10 and 1/100.

Sifat Inovasi dan Aplikasi Teknologi Pengelolaan Terpadu Kebun Jeruk Sehat dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat Hilmi Ridwan Kahmir; Agus ruswandi; - Winarno; Agus Muharam; - Hardiyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n4.2008.p%p

Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu buah jeruk di Indonesia, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura telah melaksanakan program penelitian dan pengkajian penerapan pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat (PTKJS) di beberapa provinsi sentra produksi jeruk. Pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat meliputi (a) penggunaan bibit jeruk berlabel bebas penyakit, (b) pengendalian OPT terutama vektor penyakit CVPD, (c) sanitasi kebun yang baik, (d) pemeliharaan tanaman secara optimal, dan (e) konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sifat inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang berpengaruh terhadap adopsi inovasi oleh petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat, dari bulan April sampai Desember 2006, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua inovasi teknologi PTKJS diadopsi oleh petani jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas. Inovasi teknologi yang tidak diadopsi oleh petani memiliki sifat inovasi yang berkategori nilai rendah. Inovasi teknologi tersebut adalah penggunaan perangkap kuning, penyiraman tanah dengan insektisida, penggunaan sex feromon, pemberongsongan, penyulaman dengan bibit berlabel, pemangkasan arsitektur, penyiraman tanaman dan pemanenan secara benar, serta konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang sangat cepat diadopsi oleh petani adalah penyaputan batang menggunakan bubur (belerang) Kalifornia. Faktor nonteknis yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi PTKJS adalah kurang dukungan benih bermutu dari instansi berwenang, kurang dukungan penyediaan input produksi, khususnya belerang, rendahnya harga jual, dan kurangnya modal finansial petani.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., A. Ruswandi, Winarno, A. Muharam, and Hardiyanto. 2008. I��v��Innovation Characteristics and Technologies Application of Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid (ICMHCO) on the Development of Citrus Agribusiness in Sambas District, West Kalimantan. To increase production and quality of citrus in Indonesia, the Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development has conducted research and assessment program of ICMHCO in several provinces. Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid consists of (a) labelled and free diseases planting materials use, (b) pests and diseases control especially for the CVPD vector, (c) good field sanitation, (d) optimum cultural practices, and (e) field management consolidation. The objectives of this research was to evaluate characteristics of ICMHCO innovatory technologies that affect the adoption of the innovations by the farmers. The research was conducted in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, from April to December 2006, using survey method. The results showed that only a part of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were adopted by the citrus farmers in Sambas District. The non-adopted technologies generally have low value of technology characteristics. The technologies were labelled free diseases planting materials, yellow trap application, drenching with insecticide solutions, sex pheromon application, pruning, fruit wraping, irrigation and good harvesting practices. The innovatory technologies promptly adopted by the citrus farmers was California (sulphur) paste application. Non-technical factors that affect the adoption of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were less quality seed support institutionally, less support of production input from the proper institution especially for sulphur, low selling price and less financial capital of the farmers.

Insiden Penyakit Virus Tular Umbi pada Tigabelas Varietas Bawang Merah Asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Neni Gunaeni; Astri W Wulandari; Ati Srie Duriat; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p164-172

Penyakit virus tular umbi merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh virus yang infeksinya bersifat sistemik. Apabila partikel virus berada dalam jaringan benih umbi, maka akan sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dapat membawa masalah baru pada pertanaman berikutnya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada 13 varietas bawang merah yang berasal dari Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rancaekek (elevasi 650 m dpl.) dan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (elevasi 1.250 m dpl.), sejak bulan Agustus sampai November 2004. Perlakuan terdiri atas 13 varietas bawang merah, yaitu: Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, dan Philipina. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) insiden penyakit virus tular umbi pada masing-masing varietas bawang merah asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah berturut-turut yaitu varietas Lodra 84,67%, Sumenep 82,56-100%, Batu 39,86-78,67%, Merah Maja 95,25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66,27%, Bima Curut 78,57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57,98%, Bima Arjuna 47,96%, Kuning Tablet 57,48%, Kuning Gombong 97,92%, dan Philipina 97,92 %, (2) gejala infeksi virus pada daun umumnya berupa klorosis, mosaik bergaris kuning vertikal terputus-putus, garis-garis hijau vertikal, dan ukuran daun menjadi kecil, (3) gejala-gejala tersebut bereaksi positif dengan OYDV(onion yellow dwarf virus) dan SYSV (shallot yellow stripe virus) berdasarkan uji DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Informasi mengenai insiden virus tular umbi pada bawang merah ini sangat penting dalam rangka mengembangkan metode perbenihan bawang merah bebas virus. Virus disease is one of major problems in increasing shallots production, because its infection has a systemic character. If it is already in shallots bulb tissues, the virus is difficult to be controlled and will cause new problems to the next planting. The experiment was aimed to determine incidence of bulb-borne virus diseases on thirteen varieties of shallots (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) originated from West and Central Java. The experiment was carried out at Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute Lembang (1,250 m asl.) and Rancaekek (650 m asl.), from August to November 2004. The shallot varieties tested were Lodra, Sumenep, Batu, Merah Maja, Merah Cigugur, Ciniru, Bima, Bima Curut, Bima Timor, Bima Arjuna, Kuning Tablet, Kuning Gombong, and Philipina. A randomized complete block design with three replications were used in this experiment. The results of the experiment showed that (1) incidence of virus diseases in shallots bulb on variety Lodra was 84.67%, Sumenep 82.56-100%, Batu 39.86-78.67%, Merah Maja 95.25%, Merah Cigugur 100%, Ciniru 66.27%, Bima Curut 78.57%, Bima 100%, Bima Timor 57.98%, Bima Arjuna 47.96%, Kuning Tablet 57.48%, Kuning Gombong 97.92%, and Philipina 97.92 %, (2) the virus symptoms exhibited on infected shallots were yellow stripe mosaic, chlorosis, green stripe leaf, and leaves became small, and (3) the symptoms were associated with OYDV (onion yellow dwarf virus) and SYSV (shallots yellow stripe virus) base on DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Information on the incidence of viral diseases on shallots bulb is very important to develop the production technology of virus-free shallots bulb.

Pengaruh Pemupukan dan Tumpangsari antara Tomat dan Kubis terhadap Populasi Bemisia tabaci dan Insiden Penyakit Virus Kuning pada Tanaman Tomat Wiwin Setiawati; Neni Gunaeni; - Subhan; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 2 (2011): JUNI 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p135-144

Pola tanam sayuran secara tumpang sari telah dimanfaatkan secara meluas di sentra-sentra produksi sayuran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan dan tumpangsari antara tomat dan kubis terhadap populasi Bemisia tabaci dan serangan penyakit virus kuning yang disebabkan oleh virus gemini pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 dpl.) dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Oktober 2008. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Dua faktor perlakuan yang diuji, yaitu (1) dosis pupuk (N 180 kg/ha + P2O5 150 kg/ha + K2O 100 kg/ha, N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg /ha, serta N 210 kg/ha + P2O5 183,125 kg/ha + K2O 181,25 kg/ha) dan (2) cara tanam (monokultur tomat dan tumpangsari tomat dengan kubis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dosis pupuk yang tinggi dan tanaman tomat yang ditanam secara monokultur dapat meningkatkan populasi kutukebul dan serangan penyakit virus kuning dibandingkan dengan dosis pupuk yang lebih rendah. Penggunaan dosis pupuk yang tinggi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi tomat. Penggunaan dosis pupuk N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha dan tumpangsari tomat dengan kubis dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen teknologi PHT untuk pengelolaan hama B. tabaci dan penyakit virus kuning pada tanaman tomat.The intercropping planting technique is widely implemented in vegetable production centers in Indonesia. The research on the application of different doses of fertilizers (N, P, and K) and the planting technique of tomato and cabbage on B. tabaci and the yellow disease caused by gemini virus was carried out at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from June to October 2008. The objective was to determine the effect of different doses of fertilizers (N, P, and K) and tomato-cabbage intercropping on the population densities of B. tabaci and incidence of gemini virus on tomato. A factorial randomized block design with two factors and four replication was used in the experiment. Two treatments factor were tested i.e. (1) different doses of fertilizers (N 180 kg/ha + P2O5 150 kg/ha + K2O 100 kg/ha, N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha, and N 210 kg /ha + P2O5 183,125 kg/ha + K2O 181,25 kg/ha), and (2) planting techniques (monoculture and tomato-cabbage intercropping). The result indicated that heigher doses of fertilizers resulted in higher population of whitefly per leaf and yellow virus symptoms on tomato compared to lower doses. Higher amounts of fertilizers did not significantly affect tomato yield. It is suggested that the dose of N 168 kg/ha + P2O5 146,5 kg/ha + K2O 145 kg/ha, and the tomato-cabbage intercropping technique can be incorporated into the IPM program, especially for the management of whitefly and gemini virus on tomato.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIS BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS KINTAMANI DI BALI Nyoman Ngurah Arya; Suharyanto nFn; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 21, No 3 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v21n3.2018.p201-213

The Factors that Influence the production and technical Efficiency of Shallot Cultivation in Bali. Shallot has high economic value, but require considerable input and intensive management. The ability of farmers to combine all inputs used in the production process greatly determines the efficiency of farming. This study aims to analyze: (1) the factors that affect shallot yield, (2) the factors causing technical inefficiency of shallot farming, and (3) the level of technical efficiency achieved by shallot farmers. The research was conducted in 2016 in Songan B Village, Kintamani Sub-district, Bangli District, as one of the production centers of shallot in Bali. Primary data were collected through interviews of 80 shallot farmers selected as respondents by random sampling. Data was analyzed by stochastic frontier production function with the maximum likelihood estimator method (MLE). The analysis results showed: (1) land area has the highest positive effect on shallot yield. The second highest positive influence is by labor, followed by P2O5 & K2O fertilizer, chicken manure, Nitrogen, and Sulfate; (2) education and frequency of watering significantly improved the efficiency of shallot farming, (3) farmers established shallot farming efficiently with an efficiency level of 84.40 percent. Keywords: technical efficiency; technical inefficiency; shallot. ABSTRAKBawang merah memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, namun membutuhkan input yang cukup banyak dan pengelolaan yang intensif. Kemampuan petani mengkombinasikan seluruh input yang digunakan dalam proses produksi sangat menentukan efisiensi usahatani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi bawang merah, (2) faktor-faktor penyebab inefisiensi teknis bawang merah, dan (3) tingkat efisiensi teknis yang dicapai oleh petani bawang merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2016 di Desa Songan B, Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli, sebagai salah satu sentra produksi bawang merah di Bali. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap 80 orang petani bawang merah sebagai responden yang dipilih secara acak. Data dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi frontier stokastik dengan metode penduga maksimum likelihood. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) luas lahan memiliki pengaruh positif paling tinggi terhadap produksi bawang merah. Pengaruh positif tertinggi kedua terdapat pada tenaga kerja, diikuti oleh pupuk P2O5 & K2O, pupuk kandang ayam, Nitrogen, dan Sulfat; (2) pendidikan dan frekuensi penyiraman meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani bawang merah; dan (3) petani telah melakukan usahatani bawang merah secara efisien dengan tingkat efisiensi 84,40 persen. Kata kunci: efisiensi teknis, inefisiensi teknis, bawang merah

Proteksi Silang untuk Pengendalian Virus Mosaik Mentimun pada Krisan Indiarto Budi Rahardjo; Agus Muharam; Yoyo Sulyo
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 15, No 2 (2005): Juni 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v15n2.2005.p%p

Salah satu virus yang menyerang tanaman krisan adalah CMV. Alternatif pengendalian CMV pada krisan adalah menggunakan vaksin CARNA 5. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui teknik aplikasi vaksin yang paling efektif dalam memproteksi CMV pada krisan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Virologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Segunung dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2001. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan dengan delapan perlakuan, yaitu (1) penyambungan, (2) inokulasi mekanis vaksin CARNA 5 dengan konsentrasi 5 μg/ml, (3) inokulasi mekanis vaksin CARNA 5 dengan konsentrasi 15 μg/ml, (4) inokulasi mekanis vaksin CARNA 5 dengan konsentrasi 20 μg/ml, (5) inokulasi mekanis vaksin CARNA 5 dengan konsentrasi 25 μg/ml, (6) melalui serangga (kutu daun), dan (7) tanaman krisan sehat (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman krisan yang diberi vaksin pada berbagai cara aplikasi tidak menunjukkan gejala mosaik. Warna bunga pada semua perlakuan tidak menampakkan gejala pecah warna.Cross protection for controling cucumber mosaic virus on chrysanthemum. One of the virus that attack chrysanthemum is CMV. The alternative of CMV control on plant is the use of vaccine CARNA 5. The objective of the experiment was to find out the application technique of vaccine for CMV protection on chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted in Virology Laboratory of Indonesia Ornamental Plant Research Institute in Segunung from January to December 2001. RCBD with eight treatments and three replications were used. The treatments were grafting; mechanical inoculation of CARNA 5 with concentration 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 15 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 25 μg/ml; through vector (aphid), and healthy chrysanthemum plant (control). The results of the experiment showed that chrysanthemum treated with various vaccine application techniques did not show mosaic symptoms. The quality of flower color showed that all treatments did not cause color breaking.

Implementation of Pancasila Student Profile Values in Elementary Schools in Facing Society 5.0 Asri Mulyani; Bunyamin; Agus Muharam
International Conference on Elementary Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Proceeding The 5th International Conference in Elementary Education
Publisher : Elementary Education Study Program School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia in collaboration with UPI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The number of social deviations that occur such as increasing cases of brawls, harassment, and vandalism indicates a decline in moral values in the nation's children. These things cannot be separated from the negative impact of the use of information and communication technology. This study aims to conduct a literature review related to the implementation of Pancasila student profile scores in elementary schools in facing society 5.0. This research is qualitative by using the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. Data collection is done by documenting and reviewing all articles related to Pancasila Student Profile Values published in the 2020-2022 period. The articles used in the study were 20 journal articles. Based on this study, it was found that the value of the Pancasila profile is 1) have faith, fear God Almighty, 2) global diversity, 3) work together, 4) be independent, 5) critical reasoning, and 6) creative. So it can be concluded that the Value of the Pancasila Student Profile in elementary schools can be used in dealing with society 5.0.

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