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Pengaruh sumber karbon terhadap produksi bioplastik polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) dengan ralstonia eutropha Martha Aznury; Tjandra Setiadi; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 9, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2010.9.1.4

Bioplastic Polyhidroxyalknoate (PHA) is a polyester type bioplastic with physicochemical properties resemble to those of polypropilen from petroleum. PHA production was investigated to determine the effect of carbon source on the fermentation process by Ralstonia eutropha. Specifically, Ralstonia eutropha was cultivated in a batch bioreactor to show the dynamics of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer production from glucose or fructose as C source. In adition, the effect of volatile fatty acids addition, as stimulator to the copolymer production, was also studied. The operating conditions in a 7 L bioreactor were at temperature 30 oC and pH 7.0. The concentration of carbon source glucose or fructose was 40 g/L, and after 20 hour fermentation, volatile fatty acids were added. With volatile fatty acids addition, the resulting fructose fermentation had PHA content of 32.78%, in which the HV percentage was 11.78%. Meanwhile, the fermentation of glucose, stimulated by volatile fatty acids, gave PHA as much as 20.19% with HV percentage of 8.71%. Therefore,, the Ralstonia eutropha fermentation of fructose as the carbon source gave a higher yield than glucose. Keywords: Volatil Fatty Acid, Fructose, Glucose, PHA, P(3HB-co-3HV), Ralstonia eutropha AbstrakBioplastik polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) adalah bioplastik dari kelompok poliester dengan sifat fisikokimia mirip dengan plastik polipropilen dari minyak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sumber karbon terhadap poduksi PHA yang dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi menggunakan Ralstonia eutropha. Ralstonia eutropha dikultivasi dalam bioreaktor batch untuk mempelajari dinamika produksi kopolimer P(3HB-co-3HV) dari sumber karbon glukosa atau fruktosa, serta mempelajari pengaruh sumber stimulator asam lemak volatil. Kondisi operasional fermentasi menggunakan bioreaktor 7 L adalah pada temperatur 30 oC dan pH 7. Konsentrasi sumber karbon glukosa atau fruktosa yang digunakan adalah 40 gr/L, dan setelah 20 jam fermentasi ditambahkan asam lemak volatil yang berfungsi sebagai stimulator dalam produksi P(3HB-co-3HV). Panen sel Ralstonia eutropha dilakukan setelah 60 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fermentasi Ralstonia eutropha dengan substrat fruktosa dan asam lemak volatil sebagai stimulator mempunyai kandungan PHA sebesar 32,78%, dengan kadar HV 11,78%. Pada pemberian substrat glukosa dan asam lemak volatil menunjukkan kandungan PHA sebesar 20,19%, dengan kadar HV 8.71%. Jadi fermentasi Ralstonia eutropha dengan menggunakan substrat fruktosa memberikan yield yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan menggunakan substrat glukosa.Kata Kunci: Asam lemak volatil, fruktosa, glukosa, PHA, P(3HB-co-3HV), Ralstonia eutropha

Lokus SSR Berasosiasi Karakter Tahan Penyakit Mati-Pohon Durian Berdasarkan Bulked Pseudo-Segregant Analysis (SSR Loci Associated to Resistance Traits to Durian Die-Back based on Bulked Pseudo-Segregant Analysis) Panca Jarot Santoso; I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha; Sony Suhandono; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 30, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p9-20

Penyakit mati-pohon disebabkan cendawan Pythiaceae khususnya Phytophtora palmivora, Pythium vexans, dan Pythium cucurbitacearum menjadi salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya durian. Di antara upaya pengendaliannya adalah melalui pemuliaan dan seleksi tanaman tahan berbasis molekuler menggunakan marka SSR. Penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi lokus SSR yang berasosiasi dengan karakter tahan penyakit mati-pohon pada durian telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Genetika Tumbuhan SITH-ITB dari bulan April sampai dengan Desember 2014. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara bulked pseudo-segregant analysis dua pool DNA durian tahan dan rentan. Amplifikasi lokus SSR menggunakan 77 pasang primer mikrosatelit berlabel fluorescent. Produk amplifikasi dibaca menggunakan GeneMarker v.2.4.0., setiap puncak pancaran fluorescent yang memiliki nilai intensitas tinggi dipilih sebagai alel. Pembandingan panjang alel dilakukan di antara dua pool dan pembanding aksesi tahan. Lokus yang memiliki alel berbeda antara dua pool tetapi memiliki alel sama dengan pembanding dianggap sebagai marka yang berasosiasi dengan sifat tahan durian terhadap Pythiaceae. Hasil analisis ditemukan tiga lokus mDz03F10, mDz4B2, dan mDz3B1 dengan motif berturut-turut (GAA)3.A(GA)4, (GAGT)2ttGAGT, dan (TTTTATG)2(GCCC)2 teridentifikasi sebagai marka yang berasosiasi dengan karakter tahan Pythiaceae. Hasil analisis ini memerlukan satu langkah validasi untuk meyakinkan keterpautan marka dengan karakter target sebelum digunakan sebagai marka molekuler.KeywordsDurian; SSR; BpSA; Tahan; PythiaceaeAbstractDie-back disease caused by Pythiaceae especially Phytophtora palmivora, Pythium vexans, and Pythium cucurbitacearum is one of the obstacles in durian cultivation. An effort to control this disease is through breeding and selection of resistant plants based on molecular assays such as SSR markers. Research to identify SSR loci associated with durian die-back resistance was done at Plant Genetics Laboratory, SITH-ITB from April to December 2014. The research was conducted through bulked pseudo-segregant analysis of two DNA pools, resistance, and susceptible durians. Amplification of SSR loci was carried out by using 77 fluorescent labeled primers. Amplification products were analyzed using GeneMarker v.2.4.0. Fluorescent peak with high intensity was considered as a selected allele. Comparison of allele length was executed amongst two pools and resistance reference. A locus showed different allele between two pools, while it given the same allele to reference was considered as SSR marker associated with Phytiaceae resistance. The analysis were found three loci, mDz03F10, mDz4B2, and mDz3B1 with motif of (GAA)3.A(GA)4, (GAGT)2ttGAGT, and (TTTTATG)2(GCCC)2 recpectively identified as SSR markers associated to die-back resistance. This result, therefore, requires further validation to convince markers association to target traits before they are used as molecular markers.

Analisis Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gen Faktor Transkripsi MYB dalam Biosintesis Antosianin Kulit Buah Mangga (Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gene Transcription Factor MYB in Mango Skin Anthocyanin Biosynthesis) Findy Ashgi; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p1-10

Perkembangan pasar bebas berdampak terhadap selera produk-produk pertanian, seperti warna buah mangga. Antosianin merupakan senyawa yang bertanggung jawab dalam menginduksi warna pada buah. Senyawa ini diregulasi oleh gen faktor transkripsi MYB. Mutasi Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) daerah ekson gen MYB dapat mengubah asam amino yang memengaruhi aktivitas enzim yang mengakibatkan munculnya variasi fenotipe warna buah di antara individu-individu dalam spesies yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan SNP pada gen MYB dari kulit buah mangga varietas Arum Manis, Gedong Gincu, Manalagi, Golek, dan Cengkir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga tahap utama, yaitu isolasi DNA kulit buah mangga, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dan proses sekuensing oleh Macrogen Inc. (Singapore). Hasil multiple sequence alignment asam amino gen faktor transkripsi MYB menunjukkan adanya perbedaan basa yang mengakibatkan munculnya stop codon dari SNP 337 A→T dan SNP 338 A→G yang memengaruhi fenotipe warna kulit buah. SNP yang memunculkan stop codon dapat direkomendasikan untuk membedakan fenotipe pigmentasi antosianin pada kulit buah mangga Gedong Gincu yang bewarna merah dengan warna kulit buah mangga yang lainnya. Adanya SNP menyebabkan prematur stop codon yang terjadi pada gen faktor transkripsi MYB dan diduga berpengaruh terhadap pigmentasi antosianin.KeywordsMangga; SNP; Faktor transkripsi; Antosianin; MYBAbstract The development of free markets gives an impact on appetite for agricultural products, such as the color of mangoes fruit skin. Anthocyanins are compounds that are responsible for giving color to the fruit skin, these compounds are regulated by the MYB transcription factor genes. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the exon region of the MYB gene can change amino acids that affect enzyme activity, resulting in phenotypic variations in fruit color among individuals in the same species. This study aims to find SNP in MYB genes from mango peel varieties Arum Manis, Gedong Gincu, Manalagi, Golek, and Cengkir. The research was conducted in three main stages, namely isolation of mango peel DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and sequencing process by Macrogen Inc (Singapore). The results of multiple sequence alignment of the amino acid MYB transcription factor genes showed a base difference which resulted in the appearance of a stop codon from SNP 337 A→T and SNP 338 A→G which affected the phenotype of fruit skin color. The SNP that raises the stop codon can be recommended to differentiate the anthocyanin pigmentation phenotype on the red skin of the mango Gedong Gincu from the skin color of other mangoes. The presence of SNP causes premature stop codon that occurs in the MYB transcription factor gene and is thought to have an effect on anthocyanin pigmentation.

ULASAN Kajian Filogenetika Molekuler dan Peranannya dalam Menyediakan Informasi Dasar untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Genetik Anggrek Topik Hidayat; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 4, No 1 (2008): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v4n1.2008.p35-40

Early informationresulted from molecular phylogenetic studies of many importantornamental crops is often less attention to manygrowers and farmers. Phylogenetics is one of the most preferablemethod in systematics to reconstruct evolutionaryrelationships of groups of biological organisms in order tounderstand their biodiversities. This has been revolutionizedby DNA sequences data. In this method, a group of organismsthat shares many identical characteristics are consideredto be closely related; deriving from a commonancestor and is assumed to have similar genetic patternsand biochemical properties. By these basic principles,molecular phylogenetics plays important roles in revealing abasic knowledge on pattern of relationships to whichgenetic resources can be improved. Over the past decade,botanists have done several thousand phylogenetic analysesbased on molecular data of economically and horticulturallyimportant crops. Orchids are the best example for this.There is no doubt that most orchid plants had played roles inhorticulture and hybridization. At present, many infragenericand intergeneric hybrids are available commercially. Successfulhybridization can be achieved if two or more individualplants understudy are closely related in respect to theirgenetics and evolution.

Illegitimacy Testing of Elaeis guineensis Population Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Lalu Firman Budiman; Ardha Apriyanto; Adi Pancoro; Sudarsono Sudarsono
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 41, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v41i3.1969

Illegitimacy is a factor negatively affecting controlled pollination in Elaeis guineensis breeding programs and it may happen in any step of hybridization processes, starting from early stages of parent selection and labeling to the last stage of the replicated field trial. Availability of method for testing the existence of illegitimacy among progenies of oil palm is beneficial. Four half-sib family populations consisted of 83 individuals were evaluated. Sixteen loci of SSR markers were utilized to genotype plant materials and identify illegitimate individuals. The legitimate parents and illegitimate progenies were evaluated using CERVUS and COLONY softwares. The results showed that the 16 SSR marker loci evaluated were having medium to high PIC values and they were both informative and suitable for parent-offspring analysis. The results also showed that the 16 SSR markers were sufficient for the illegitimacy testing using the COLONY software. Moreover, this study did not find any illegitimate individual among the four progeny populations. The generated SSR marker data were also successfully used to assign and to reconstruct the expected pedigree of the progenies. This can be used as an example of molecular marker utilization to improve the integrity of breeding program of oil palms.

DETEKSI DINI Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION) Annisa Fitriah Faisal; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 13, No 3 (2018): (September 2018)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Sejak akhir tahun 2014, wabah kotoran putih atau yang sering disebut juga WFD (White Feces Disease), merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi pada petambak udang di Indonesia. Wabah ini diketahui disebabkan oleh Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) dan telah mengakibatkan retardasi pertumbuhan hingga kematian pada udang. Hingga saat ini, penyakit WFD dapat dideteksi dengan cara uji histologi, hibridisasi in situ, dan PCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode deteksi dini penyakit EHP pada udang vaname dengan metode PCR melalui perancangan primer yang spesifik dan sensitif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi EHP pada udang vaname yang terinfeksi, kemudian dideteksi dengan metode PCR yang mentarget SWP (spore wall protein) dari EHP serta pengujian spesifitas dan sensitivitasnya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa EHP dapat diisolasi dari udang yang terinfeksi dan dapat didesain dua pasang primer yaitu SWP-EHP1 dan SWP-EHP3 yang mentarget spore wall protein EHP. Kedua primer ini dapat digunakan untuk deteksi EHP menggunakan PCR, dengan produk PCR pada primer SWP-EHP1 yaitu 398 bp dan primer SWP-EHP3 sebesar 415 bp, serta nilai suhu annealing optimal pada 48oC.Hasil pengujian sensitivitas primer, diketahui bahwa primer SWP-EHP1 dapat mendeteksi EHP hingga jumlah DNA target sebanyak 7,74 x 102 kopi sedangkan primer SWP-EHP3 dapat mendeteksi hingga 16,2 x 102 kopi.Since 2014, white feces disease (WFD) is one of the emerging problems for whiteleg shrimp farming industries in Indonesia. This outbreak is known to be caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection to shrimp. EHP infection resulted in growth retardation to a mass mortality in shrimp. To date, WFD can be detected by histology, in situ hybridization and PCR. This study aimed to obtain an early detection method of EHP on whiteleg shrimp by PCR method through specific and sensitive primers design. In this study, we isolated the DNA of EHP from infected whiteleg shrimp, then detected by PCR method which targeted spore wall protein (SWP) from EHP as well as sensitivity and specificity testing. As a result, EHP can be isolated from infected shrimp and can be designed 2 pairs of primers (SWP-EHP1 and SWP-EHP3) targeting spore wall protein of EHP. These primers could be used for EHP detection using PCR, with PCR products from primers SWP-EHP1 was 398 bp and from SWP-EHP3 primers was 415 bp, with an optimum annealing temperature of 48oC. Primers sensitivity test results revealed that primers SWP-EHP1 could detect EHP to 7.74 x 102 copies while the primers SWP-EHP3 could detect up to 16.2 x 102 copies.

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