Djoko Santoso
Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry

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Embriogenesis Somatik Tidak Langsung pada Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Menggunakan Sistem Kultur Suspensi, Perendaman Sesaat, dan Media Padat Imron Riyadi; Darda Efendi; Bambang S. Purwoko; Djoko Santoso
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v12n1.2016.p37-44

Abstract

Metode kultur in vitro yang tepat akan meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pada proses penggandaan kalus dan induksiembriogenesis somatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas tiga metode kultur jaringan, yaitu sistem kultursuspensi, sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) atau temporary immersion system (TIS), dan media padat, untuk proliferasi kalusdan pembentukan embrio somatik secara tidak langsung pada tanaman sagu “Alitir” yang berasal dari Merauke, Papua. Bahantanaman atau eksplan awal yang digunakan adalah kalus remah hasil induksi dari kultur meristem pucuk tunas anakan sagu.Kalus tersebut dikulturkan pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) modifikasi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 5,0–15,0 mg/l dikombinasikandengan kinetin 0,1 mg/l menggunakan ketiga metode kultur sehingga terdapat dua belas kombinasi perlakuan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot segar kalus tertinggi sebesar 12,0 g/bejana dicapai pada metode kultur suspensi denganpenambahan 2,4-D 15,0 mg/l dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/l. Perolehan jumlah embrio somatik tertinggi dicapai padametode kultur suspensi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 5,0 mg/l dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/l sebesar 384,7 buah/bejana.Daya hidup kultur sagu terbaik dan tertinggi (100%) diperoleh pada metode kultur suspensi pada semua perlakuankonsentrasi 2,4-D. Selama proses induksi embrio somatik, terjadi perubahan warna kalus dari sebagian besar kekuninganmenjadi krem dan putih-kekuningan.
Potensi fungisida organik untuk pengendalian Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit [Potency of organic fungicide to controle Ganoderma sp. of oil palm] Happy WIDIASTUTI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (419.615 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.223

Abstract

Ganoderma sp. is an important pathogen causes stem rot disease in the cultivation of oil palm. Control of Ganoderma sp. using formulas contain natural organic active ingredients being developed by Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry. Organic fungicide in two formula i.e.   liquid  and  pasta was  applied for a  period  of 3 months by drenching the uncolonized tissue of stem. Five treatments tested were drenching applications of organic fungicide  1) per week in liquid formula, 2) every 2 weeks in liquid formula, 3) every 4 weeks in liquid formula, 4) every 4 weeks in paste formula, and 5) control. Each of the treatments was treated on the 25 palm trees. The performance of the plant and Ganoderma sp. were observed for five months and subsequential incubation continued for 2 months to analyzed the levels of N, P, K and Cu in the leaves and the oil content of the palm fruits while FFB production was observed from 7 up to 13 months after application. Results of the experiments showed that the application of organic fungicide increased the growth of palm roots and especially weekly application produced the best compared with other treatments. There was a tendency of opening of leaf spear and induce oil palm to form a female flowers, increased levels of N, P, and K particularly on the treatment of applications every two weeks. The production of fruit average (PFA) and weights bunches at 5 months after application seems to rise particularly in the application of organic fungicide every week. Palm fruit oil content based either on fresh or dry weight was higher in applications of organic fungicide every 2 weeks compared with other treatments.[Keywords: Ganoderma diseases management, application times, organic pesticides, mature plants]  AbstrakGanoderma sp. jamur penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengendalian Ganoderma sp. menggunakan formula berbahan aktif organik alami sedang dikembangkan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia. Fungisida organik diberikan dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan  yang diaplikasi dengan cara terlebih dahulu mengikis batang sawit terserang hingga jaringan segar. Lima perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi fungisida organik tiap  1) minggu dalam formula cair, 2) 2 minggu dalam formula cair, 3) 4 minggu dalam formula cair, 4) 4 minggu dalam formula pasta, dan 5) kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diaplikasi pada 25 pohon kelapa sawit. Keragaan tanaman dan Ganoderma sp. diamati selama lima bulan dan selanjutnya inkubasi dilanjutkan selama 2 bulan untuk analisis kadar hara N, P, K dan Cu daun dan kadar minyak buah sawit, sedangkan produksi TBS diamati dari 7 hingga 13 bulan setelah aplikasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fungisida organik tiap minggu menghasilkan perakaran yang paling banyak dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  Terdapat kecenderungan terjadi pembukaan daun tombak dan peningkatan jumlah pohon yang membentuk bunga betina, peningkatan kadar hara N, P, dan K khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap dua minggu. Rata rata  bobot  tandan  (RBT)  dan bobot tandan  pada 5 bulan setelah aplikasi nampak meningkat khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap minggu. Kadar minyak buah sawit baik berdasarkan  bobot basah maupun kering lebih tinggi pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap 2 minggu dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  [Kata kunci: pengendalian Ganoderma, frekuensi aplikasi, fungisida organik, tanaman sawit menghasilkan]
Respons tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) terhadap aplikasi konsorsium biostimulan di tiga tipologi lahan Ciptadi Achmad YUSUP; Deddy PURWANTORO; Happy WIDIASTUTI; . SISWANTO; Djoko SANTOSO; . PRIYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 2 (2021): Oktober, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i2.457

Abstract

The consortium biostimulant combines several types of biostimulant applied holistically, such as phytohormones to induce physiological processes, humic acid to improve nutrition intake and land fertility, and biofertilizer arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve abiotic stress tolerance. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of application consortium biostimulant on the growth and productivity of Bululawang sugarcane variety planted in three land typologies, i.e. irrigated heavy soil with good drainage (BPL), irrigated heavy soil with poor drainage (BPJ), and rainfed light soil with good drainage (RHL). The research was conducted on plant cane (PC) sugarcane areal in Lumajang Regency, East Java, from July 2019 to September 2020. The treatment plot area was 1 ha for each land typologies, and the observation were conducted on 10 m plant row with ten times replications. Each treatment was replicated ten times. The results showed that the application of consortium biostimulant could induce faster growth of sugarcane shoots and better roots at one month after planting (MAP). Stalk height and diameter showed significantly different values between treatment and control at the plant age 6 to 12 MAP. In addition, the sugarcane stalk weight per meter row also increases by 13.72 – 28.57%. The growth performance of sugarcane on a commercial scale increased, also sugarcane productivity increased by 11.08 – 20.36%. The potential sugar yield increased by 15.05% in BPL land typology, 4.9% in BPJ land typology, and 9.7% in RHL land typology. The difference in land typologies affected the effectiveness of the consortium biostimulant application in increasing sugarcane productivity.
Peningkatan hasil panen kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas Wilis dengan aplikasi biostimulan tanaman (Yield improvement of soybean (Glycine max L.) var. Wilis by the application of organic plant biostimulant) Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 87, No 1 (2019): April, 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (817.538 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.295

Abstract

The Indonesian government program of achieving self-sufficiency of soybean by 2020 requires technological innovations for the farmers. The use of plant biostimulant is an innovative strategy and proven previouslyto increase the productivity of several otherfood crops. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of PPBBI biostimulant on the growth, productivity and quality of a Wilis variety of soybean under greenhouse conditions. PPBBI biostimulant at10 ppm and 20 ppm, was applied using foliar spray method with 20 mL volume to each plant. The applications were carried out 1 time, 2 times and 3 times. Six biostimulant treatments showed significant positive effects on the vegetative growth rate, generative organ development, and yield. The biostimulant accelerated vegetative growth to enter the generative phase earlier than that of in the control plants. The period of generative organs maturity required for treated plants was 7-14 d shorter than that of in the control plants so that the harvest period was 21 d shorter. Weight per 100 seeds of the P2-3 (application 3 times at 20 ppm); P2-2 (application 2 times at 20 ppm); P2-1 (application 1 time at 20 ppm) and P1-3 (application 3 times at 10 ppm) treatments were 20.16 g; 17.65 g; 18.89 g and 16.89 g respectively with no significant difference, while the control plants was only 11.60 g. Based on the results of all parameters e.g. average number of seeds, average weight per seed, and potential for yield improvement, the treatment of P1-3 (application 3 times at 10 ppm) was the best treatment with potential yield increase by 59.06% and oil content by 11.37%.[Key words: generative, organic biostimulant, productivity, vegetative]  AbstrakProgram pemerintah Indonesia dalam pencapaian swasembada kedelai pada tahun 2020 membutuhkan dukungan inovasi teknologi yang aplikatif untuk para petani. Biostimulan tanaman merupakan salah satu teknologi yang strategis dan terbukti dapat meningkatkan produktivitas beberapa tanaman pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis pengaruh aplikasi biostimulan PPBBI terhadap partum-buhan, produktivitas dan kualitas hasil panen kedelai varietas Wilis pada kondisi rumah kaca. Biostimulan PPBBI dengan variasi konsentrasi   10 ppm dan 20 ppm, diaplikasikan pada tanaman kedelai dengan metode penyemprotan lewat daundengan volume 20 mL per tanaman.Penyemprotan dilakukan sebanyak 1 kali; 2 kali dan 3 kali aplikasi. Enam perlakuan biostimulanyang diujikan menunjukkan pengaruh positif yang signifikan pada kecepatan pertumbuhan vegetatif, stimulasi perkembangan organ generatif dan peningkatan hasil panen. Biostimulan PPBBI mempercepat laju pertumbuhan vegetatif untuk memasuki fase generatif lebih awal dibandingkan tanaman kontrol. Masa perkembangan dan pemasakan organ generatif polong pada tanaman perlakuan menjadi lebih pendek 7-14 hari dibandingkan tanaman kontrol sehingga secara keseluruhan masa panen tanaman perlakuan lebih singkat 21 hari. Bobot per 100 biji tanaman kedelai perlakuan P2-3; P2-2; P2-1 dan P1-3 berturut-turut mencapai 20,16 g; 17,65 g; 18,89 g; dan 16,89 g dengan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan, sedangkan tanaman kontrol hanya 11,60 g. Berdasarkan hasil analisis seluruh peubah yaitu rerata jumlah biji, rerata bobot per biji, dan potensi produksi, maka perlakuan P1-3 (aplikasi tiga kali dengan dosis 10 ppm) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan potensi kenaikan produksi mencapai 59,06% dan kadar lemak 13,7%.  [Kata kunci: biostimulan organik, generatif, produktivitas, vegetatif]
Potensi fungisida organik untuk pengendalian Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit [Potency of organic fungicide to controle Ganoderma sp. of oil palm] Happy WIDIASTUTI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Djoko SANTOSO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 84 No. 2 (2016): 84 (2), 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.223

Abstract

Ganoderma sp. is an important pathogen causes stem rot disease in the cultivation of oil palm. Control of Ganoderma sp. using formulas contain natural organic active ingredients being developed by Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry. Organic fungicide in two formula i.e.   liquid  and  pasta was  applied for a  period  of 3 months by drenching the uncolonized tissue of stem. Five treatments tested were drenching applications of organic fungicide  1) per week in liquid formula, 2) every 2 weeks in liquid formula, 3) every 4 weeks in liquid formula, 4) every 4 weeks in paste formula, and 5) control. Each of the treatments was treated on the 25 palm trees. The performance of the plant and Ganoderma sp. were observed for five months and subsequential incubation continued for 2 months to analyzed the levels of N, P, K and Cu in the leaves and the oil content of the palm fruits while FFB production was observed from 7 up to 13 months after application. Results of the experiments showed that the application of organic fungicide increased the growth of palm roots and especially weekly application produced the best compared with other treatments. There was a tendency of opening of leaf spear and induce oil palm to form a female flowers, increased levels of N, P, and K particularly on the treatment of applications every two weeks. The production of fruit average (PFA) and weights bunches at 5 months after application seems to rise particularly in the application of organic fungicide every week. Palm fruit oil content based either on fresh or dry weight was higher in applications of organic fungicide every 2 weeks compared with other treatments.[Keywords: Ganoderma diseases management, application times, organic pesticides, mature plants]  AbstrakGanoderma sp. jamur penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengendalian Ganoderma sp. menggunakan formula berbahan aktif organik alami sedang dikembangkan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia. Fungisida organik diberikan dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan  yang diaplikasi dengan cara terlebih dahulu mengikis batang sawit terserang hingga jaringan segar. Lima perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi fungisida organik tiap  1) minggu dalam formula cair, 2) 2 minggu dalam formula cair, 3) 4 minggu dalam formula cair, 4) 4 minggu dalam formula pasta, dan 5) kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diaplikasi pada 25 pohon kelapa sawit. Keragaan tanaman dan Ganoderma sp. diamati selama lima bulan dan selanjutnya inkubasi dilanjutkan selama 2 bulan untuk analisis kadar hara N, P, K dan Cu daun dan kadar minyak buah sawit, sedangkan produksi TBS diamati dari 7 hingga 13 bulan setelah aplikasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fungisida organik tiap minggu menghasilkan perakaran yang paling banyak dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  Terdapat kecenderungan terjadi pembukaan daun tombak dan peningkatan jumlah pohon yang membentuk bunga betina, peningkatan kadar hara N, P, dan K khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap dua minggu. Rata rata  bobot  tandan  (RBT)  dan bobot tandan  pada 5 bulan setelah aplikasi nampak meningkat khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap minggu. Kadar minyak buah sawit baik berdasarkan  bobot basah maupun kering lebih tinggi pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap 2 minggu dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  [Kata kunci: pengendalian Ganoderma, frekuensi aplikasi, fungisida organik, tanaman sawit menghasilkan]
Peningkatan hasil panen kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas Wilis dengan aplikasi biostimulan tanaman (Yield improvement of soybean (Glycine max L.) var. Wilis by the application of organic plant biostimulant) Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI; Djoko SANTOSO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 87 No. 1 (2019): 87 (1), 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.295

Abstract

The Indonesian government program of achieving self-sufficiency of soybean by 2020 requires technological innovations for the farmers. The use of plant biostimulant is an innovative strategy and proven previouslyto increase the productivity of several otherfood crops. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of PPBBI biostimulant on the growth, productivity and quality of a Wilis variety of soybean under greenhouse conditions. PPBBI biostimulant at10 ppm and 20 ppm, was applied using foliar spray method with 20 mL volume to each plant. The applications were carried out 1 time, 2 times and 3 times. Six biostimulant treatments showed significant positive effects on the vegetative growth rate, generative organ development, and yield. The biostimulant accelerated vegetative growth to enter the generative phase earlier than that of in the control plants. The period of generative organs maturity required for treated plants was 7-14 d shorter than that of in the control plants so that the harvest period was 21 d shorter. Weight per 100 seeds of the P2-3 (application 3 times at 20 ppm); P2-2 (application 2 times at 20 ppm); P2-1 (application 1 time at 20 ppm) and P1-3 (application 3 times at 10 ppm) treatments were 20.16 g; 17.65 g; 18.89 g and 16.89 g respectively with no significant difference, while the control plants was only 11.60 g. Based on the results of all parameters e.g. average number of seeds, average weight per seed, and potential for yield improvement, the treatment of P1-3 (application 3 times at 10 ppm) was the best treatment with potential yield increase by 59.06% and oil content by 11.37%.[Key words: generative, organic biostimulant, productivity, vegetative]  AbstrakProgram pemerintah Indonesia dalam pencapaian swasembada kedelai pada tahun 2020 membutuhkan dukungan inovasi teknologi yang aplikatif untuk para petani. Biostimulan tanaman merupakan salah satu teknologi yang strategis dan terbukti dapat meningkatkan produktivitas beberapa tanaman pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis pengaruh aplikasi biostimulan PPBBI terhadap partum-buhan, produktivitas dan kualitas hasil panen kedelai varietas Wilis pada kondisi rumah kaca. Biostimulan PPBBI dengan variasi konsentrasi   10 ppm dan 20 ppm, diaplikasikan pada tanaman kedelai dengan metode penyemprotan lewat daundengan volume 20 mL per tanaman.Penyemprotan dilakukan sebanyak 1 kali; 2 kali dan 3 kali aplikasi. Enam perlakuan biostimulanyang diujikan menunjukkan pengaruh positif yang signifikan pada kecepatan pertumbuhan vegetatif, stimulasi perkembangan organ generatif dan peningkatan hasil panen. Biostimulan PPBBI mempercepat laju pertumbuhan vegetatif untuk memasuki fase generatif lebih awal dibandingkan tanaman kontrol. Masa perkembangan dan pemasakan organ generatif polong pada tanaman perlakuan menjadi lebih pendek 7-14 hari dibandingkan tanaman kontrol sehingga secara keseluruhan masa panen tanaman perlakuan lebih singkat 21 hari. Bobot per 100 biji tanaman kedelai perlakuan P2-3; P2-2; P2-1 dan P1-3 berturut-turut mencapai 20,16 g; 17,65 g; 18,89 g; dan 16,89 g dengan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan, sedangkan tanaman kontrol hanya 11,60 g. Berdasarkan hasil analisis seluruh peubah yaitu rerata jumlah biji, rerata bobot per biji, dan potensi produksi, maka perlakuan P1-3 (aplikasi tiga kali dengan dosis 10 ppm) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan potensi kenaikan produksi mencapai 59,06% dan kadar lemak 13,7%.  [Kata kunci: biostimulan organik, generatif, produktivitas, vegetatif]
Respons tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) terhadap aplikasi konsorsium biostimulan di tiga tipologi lahan Ciptadi Achmad YUSUP; Deddy PURWANTORO; Happy WIDIASTUTI; . SISWANTO; Djoko SANTOSO; . PRIYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 2 (2021): 89 (2), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i2.457

Abstract

The consortium biostimulant combines several types of biostimulant applied holistically, such as phytohormones to induce physiological processes, humic acid to improve nutrition intake and land fertility, and biofertilizer arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve abiotic stress tolerance. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of application consortium biostimulant on the growth and productivity of Bululawang sugarcane variety planted in three land typologies, i.e. irrigated heavy soil with good drainage (BPL), irrigated heavy soil with poor drainage (BPJ), and rainfed light soil with good drainage (RHL). The research was conducted on plant cane (PC) sugarcane areal in Lumajang Regency, East Java, from July 2019 to September 2020. The treatment plot area was 1 ha for each land typologies, and the observation were conducted on 10 m plant row with ten times replications. Each treatment was replicated ten times. The results showed that the application of consortium biostimulant could induce faster growth of sugarcane shoots and better roots at one month after planting (MAP). Stalk height and diameter showed significantly different values between treatment and control at the plant age 6 to 12 MAP. In addition, the sugarcane stalk weight per meter row also increases by 13.72 – 28.57%. The growth performance of sugarcane on a commercial scale increased, also sugarcane productivity increased by 11.08 – 20.36%. The potential sugar yield increased by 15.05% in BPL land typology, 4.9% in BPJ land typology, and 9.7% in RHL land typology. The difference in land typologies affected the effectiveness of the consortium biostimulant application in increasing sugarcane productivity.