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Prospek Bacillus subtilis sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati Patogen Tular Tanah pada Tanaman Jagung Suriani .; Amran Muis
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 35, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v35n1.2016.p37-45

Abstract

Patogen tular tanah seperti Rhizoctonia solani dan Fusarium spp. dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman jagung. Kedua patogen tersebut dapat menimbulkan kerugian ekonomis antara 20100%. Untuk menekan perkembangan patogen tersebut dapat diterapkan pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan, antara lain dengan memanfaatkan mikroba antagonis yang dapat mengkoloni daerah perakaran tanaman. Bacillus subtilis merupakan salah satu bakteri antagonis yang banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian patogen tular tanah. Efektivitas B. subtilis dalam pengendalian patogen tular tanah pada tanaman jagung telah dibuktikan oleh beberapa peneliti. B. subtilis CEI mampu menghambat perkembangan F. verticillioides hingga 98,5% pada level rhizoplane dan 99,86% pada endorhizosfer jagung. B. subtilis juga mampu menekan perkembangan F. solani hingga 82,1%. Oleh karena itu, B. subtilis berpotensi dikembangkan secara komersial sebagai biopestisida. Formulasi biopestisida berbahan aktif B. subtilis telah dikembangkan secara komersial khusus untuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah.
EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG Nurasiah Djaenuddin; Amran Muis
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 37, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v37n2.2018.p41-48

Abstract

Maize is one of the most important worldwide agricultural crops that their seed is considered a valuable international trading item. The seeds are mainly originated from United States, where the world most intensive development of new varieties occurs. Pantoea stewartii is a pathogenic bacteria of maize that occurs primarily in the US. Stewart wilt disease in maize caused by the bacterium Pantoea stewartii is become a new disease of maize in Indonesia. The stewart wilt disease was first reported in West Sumatra with the disease incidence of 1−15%. This paper discusses the epidemiology and control efforts of the bacterial stewart wilt disease in maize. Stewart wilt disease is a seed borne disease and it can transmitted by insect vector Chaetocnema pulicaria. P. stewartii has a wide host range including maize plant. In addition to maize plants, the pathogen also attacks sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, green beans, cucumbers, and several types of grasses. The abundant availability and wide range of its hosts, allows the pathogen to easily find the host to survive and develop. P. stewartii attacks maize in all stages of plant growth. The emergence of this disease on maize plant is mainly due to imported seeds from outside of Indonesia. Seed is the most suitable carrier media for pathogens to spread across its natural boundaries. One of the efforts to prevent the outbreak of the disease in Indonesia is to control its insect vectors. Several efforts that can be done to control the disease are environmental sanitation and by chemical pesticides with active ingredient such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin.Keywords: Maize, Pantoea stewartii, host plant, seed treatment AbstrakJagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan dan pakan penting dunia dan benihnya diperdagangkan secara internasional. Volume tertinggi perdagangan benih jagung berasal dari Amerika Serikat yang merupakan negara penghasil utama varietas unggul baru jagung di dunia. Pantoea stewartii adalah bakteri patogenik penting pada tanaman jagung, khususnya di Amerika Serikat. Penyakit layu stewart pada tanaman jagung disebabkan oleh bakteri Pantoea stewartii yang merupakan penyakit baru di Indonesia. Penyakit ini pertama kali dilaporkan di Sumatera Barat dengan insidensi 1−15%. Makalah ini membahas epidemiologi dan upaya pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri stewart pada tanaman jagung. Penyakit layu stewart merupakan penyakit tular benih dan tular serangga melalui vektor Chaetocnema pulicaria. P. stewartii memiliki inang yang luas, termasuk tebu, sorgum, gandum, kacang hijau, mentimun, dan beberapa jenis rumput-rumputan. Melimpahnya ketersediaan inang menjadikan patogen ini mudah dan cepat berkembang. Penyakit layu bakteri stewart pada tanaman jagung dapat berasal dari benih impor. Benih merupakan media pembawa penyakit yang paling efektif dan menyebar luas dengan melintasi batas alaminya. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah wabah penyakit layu stewart ialah mengendalikan serangga vektor. Sanitasi lingkungan dan penggunaan pestisida berbahan aktif imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dan clothianidin merupakan alternatif pengendalian.Kata kunci: Jagung, Pantoea stewartii, tanaman inang, perlakuan benih
Prospek Bacillus subtilis sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati Patogen Tular Tanah pada Tanaman Jagung Suriani .; Amran Muis
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 35, No 1 (2016): Maret 2016
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (201.307 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v35n1.2016.p37-45

Abstract

Patogen tular tanah seperti Rhizoctonia solani dan Fusarium spp. dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman jagung. Kedua patogen tersebut dapat menimbulkan kerugian ekonomis antara 20100%. Untuk menekan perkembangan patogen tersebut dapat diterapkan pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan, antara lain dengan memanfaatkan mikroba antagonis yang dapat mengkoloni daerah perakaran tanaman. Bacillus subtilis merupakan salah satu bakteri antagonis yang banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian patogen tular tanah. Efektivitas B. subtilis dalam pengendalian patogen tular tanah pada tanaman jagung telah dibuktikan oleh beberapa peneliti. B. subtilis CEI mampu menghambat perkembangan F. verticillioides hingga 98,5% pada level rhizoplane dan 99,86% pada endorhizosfer jagung. B. subtilis juga mampu menekan perkembangan F. solani hingga 82,1%. Oleh karena itu, B. subtilis berpotensi dikembangkan secara komersial sebagai biopestisida. Formulasi biopestisida berbahan aktif B. subtilis telah dikembangkan secara komersial khusus untuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah.
EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG Nurasiah Djaenuddin; Amran Muis
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 37, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v37n2.2018.p41-48

Abstract

Maize is one of the most important worldwide agricultural crops that their seed is considered a valuable international trading item. The seeds are mainly originated from United States, where the world most intensive development of new varieties occurs. Pantoea stewartii is a pathogenic bacteria of maize that occurs primarily in the US. Stewart wilt disease in maize caused by the bacterium Pantoea stewartii is become a new disease of maize in Indonesia. The stewart wilt disease was first reported in West Sumatra with the disease incidence of 1−15%. This paper discusses the epidemiology and control efforts of the bacterial stewart wilt disease in maize. Stewart wilt disease is a seed borne disease and it can transmitted by insect vector Chaetocnema pulicaria. P. stewartii has a wide host range including maize plant. In addition to maize plants, the pathogen also attacks sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, green beans, cucumbers, and several types of grasses. The abundant availability and wide range of its hosts, allows the pathogen to easily find the host to survive and develop. P. stewartii attacks maize in all stages of plant growth. The emergence of this disease on maize plant is mainly due to imported seeds from outside of Indonesia. Seed is the most suitable carrier media for pathogens to spread across its natural boundaries. One of the efforts to prevent the outbreak of the disease in Indonesia is to control its insect vectors. Several efforts that can be done to control the disease are environmental sanitation and by chemical pesticides with active ingredient such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin.Keywords: Maize, Pantoea stewartii, host plant, seed treatment AbstrakJagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan dan pakan penting dunia dan benihnya diperdagangkan secara internasional. Volume tertinggi perdagangan benih jagung berasal dari Amerika Serikat yang merupakan negara penghasil utama varietas unggul baru jagung di dunia. Pantoea stewartii adalah bakteri patogenik penting pada tanaman jagung, khususnya di Amerika Serikat. Penyakit layu stewart pada tanaman jagung disebabkan oleh bakteri Pantoea stewartii yang merupakan penyakit baru di Indonesia. Penyakit ini pertama kali dilaporkan di Sumatera Barat dengan insidensi 1−15%. Makalah ini membahas epidemiologi dan upaya pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri stewart pada tanaman jagung. Penyakit layu stewart merupakan penyakit tular benih dan tular serangga melalui vektor Chaetocnema pulicaria. P. stewartii memiliki inang yang luas, termasuk tebu, sorgum, gandum, kacang hijau, mentimun, dan beberapa jenis rumput-rumputan. Melimpahnya ketersediaan inang menjadikan patogen ini mudah dan cepat berkembang. Penyakit layu bakteri stewart pada tanaman jagung dapat berasal dari benih impor. Benih merupakan media pembawa penyakit yang paling efektif dan menyebar luas dengan melintasi batas alaminya. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah wabah penyakit layu stewart ialah mengendalikan serangga vektor. Sanitasi lingkungan dan penggunaan pestisida berbahan aktif imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dan clothianidin merupakan alternatif pengendalian.Kata kunci: Jagung, Pantoea stewartii, tanaman inang, perlakuan benih
Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknik Molekuler Berbasis DNA dalam Penelitian Penyakit Bulai pada Jagung: Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknik Molekuler Berbasis DNA dalam Penelitian Penyakit Bulai pada Jagung Septian Hary Kalqutny; Syahrir Pakki; Amran Muis
AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 4 No 1 (2020): AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (708.052 KB) | DOI: 10.33019/agrosainstek.v4i1.107

Abstract

Downy mildew is one of the major diseases in maize that may decrease maize production in Indonesia. Downy mildew in maize is caused by Peronosclerospora spp. that are obligate parasites that cannot be grown in a synthetic growth medium. Efforts to control the disease by using resistant maize varieties and fungicides often did not give the expected results, this might be due to the variations of the pathogen that have diverse nature and responses. Identification and the understanding of the biodiversity of downy mildew are major key aspects in efforts to control the disease. The Identification of species morphologically is often difficult due to the limited distinguishing characteristics and close similarities between them. Molecular biology methods are now starting to be widely used because they can provide information about the diversity of an organism genetically quickly and accurately. Therefore molecular biology methods can be used to support the morphological observations. The use of molecular markers such as RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, and SSR as well as direct sequencing of specific DNA regions (rDNA, ITS region of rDNA and mtDNA) can represent the diversity of downy mildew. In Indonesia, generally, there are three main species that cause downy mildew in maize i.e, P. philippinensis, P. maydis and P. sorghi. In the future, the use of new molecular biology techniques may provide more information faster and accurately that may be able to open more possibilities for disease control efforts.
The Effect Of Bacillus subtilis Formulation On The Intensity Of Attack Of Bipolaris maydis In Maize (Zea mays L.) Rasdiana Rasdiana; Amran Muis; Nurlailah Mappanganro; Ramlah Ramlah
Baselang Vol 3, No 1: APRIL 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muara Bungo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36355/bsl.v3i1.90

Abstract

The use of antagonistic microorganisms in controlling plant pathogens is considered an important component in integrated pest control management. The effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis in controlling plant disease-causing pathogens has been widely proven. To simplify application and increase storage time, these bacteria can be formulated in liquid and powder form. This study aims to test the effectiveness of several B. subtilis isolates formulated in powder form to control maize leaf blight. The study was conducted at the Maros Cereal Research Institute. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of 8 treatments of B. subtilis isolates namely BS-TLB1, BS-BJ6, BS-TM3, BS-TM4, BS -BNt4, BS-BNt5, BS-BNt6, BS-BNt8 and three controls (K1 with the use of synthetic pesticides, K2 with Bipolaris maydis suspension (no formulation) and K3 with no treatment). Parameters observed include the intensity of leaf blight disease which was observed when the plants were 4 MST, 5 MST and 6 MST. The results showed that spraying maize leaves with the B. subtilis formulation had a positive effect on the attack intensity of B. maydis, treatment with BS-BNt4 had the lowest attack intensity, namely 68.00%.