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DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KENCUR (Kaempferia galanga L.) TERHADAP Trichophyton mentagrophytes DAN Cryptococcus neoformans JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KURAP PADA KULIT DAN PENYAKIT PARU Djaenudin Gholib
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 20, No 1 (2009): BULETIN PENELITIAN TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v20n1.2009.%p

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menge-tahui adanya efek daya hambat ekstrak etanol rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) ter-hadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes, yaitu jamur jenis kapang penyebab penyakit kurap pada kulit, dan Cryptococcus neoformans, jamur jenis ragi penyebab penyakit paru pada manusia atau hewan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Mikologi Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner (BBALITVET) Bogor mulai Feb-ruari sampai April 2008. Ekstrak etanol rim-pang kencur yang digunakan diekstraksi di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (BALITTRO), Bogor. Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji in vitro dengan metode tuang (pouring dilution method). Ekstrak kencur diencerkan pada taraf 0,03; 0,06; 0,09; 0,12; dan 0,15% untuk diuji daya hambatnya ter-hadap T. mentagrophytes, dan 0,25; 0,50; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2% untuk uji daya hambat terhadap C. neoformans. Masing-masing 1 ml ekstrak dan jamur uji yang dilarutkan dalam air suling steril (enceran 10-3) dituangkan ke dalam cawan petri steril, lalu dicampur secara merata. Kemudian media agar Sabouraud yang dicairkan, dituang-kan ke masing-masing cawan petri. Setelah membeku, biakan diinkubasi pada suhu 37o C selama 5 hari. Pengujian dilakukan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur uji, dan dihitung jumlahnya. Pada enceran ekstrak yang menunjukkan tidak adanya pertumbuhan koloni jamur, ditentukan sebagai nilai konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai KHM ekstrak adalah 0,15% terhadap T. mentagrophytes, dan 2% terhadap C. neoformans. Daya hambat ekstrak rimpang kencur lebih besar terhadap T. mentagrophytes diban-dingkan dengan C. neoformans.

Cases of aspergillosis in Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus bartelst): Isolation of the causative agents and the pathological changes of the diseas Sukardi Hastiono; Rini Damayanti; Djaenudin Gholib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 1, No 2 (1995)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Two cases of aspergillosis in Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus banelsi) from Safari Garden of Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, have been reported . Specimens of lungs, airsacs, livers, spleens, kidneys, and intestines were examined mycologically and pathologically . Mycological examination revealed in the isolation of the causative agents from lungs and airsacs, ie . Aspergillus niger from one bird, and Aspergillusfianigarus from the other one . Pathological anatomy examination showed formation of yellowish white miliary nodule lesions, especially in the lungs and airsacs, while histopathological examination showed congestion and granulomatous tissue formation in the lungs, ie . specific lesion of mycotic infection with necrotic zone in the centre, surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, fibrin, and fungal hyphae . Pathological changes of the other organs were also described . These findings were the first officially description of aspergillosis cases in these carnivorous birds .

Development of serological technique for examination of aspergillosis in chicken Djaenudin Gholib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 10, No 2 (2005): JUNE 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Aspergillosis detection by using serological method has not been reported in Indonesia. In this case, a study was conducted, by using mycelium extract of A. fumigatus as the antigen. Rabbits and chickens were injected with the antigen to produce positive serum (antiserum). The antigen and antiserum were tested serologicaly by Immunodiffusion/Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), ELISA and Immunoblot. Chicken serum of broiler and layer collected from field were also included in the test. All positive serum of the experimentally animals gave positive results with all methods of serological tests. No bands of precipitation reaction in AGP test with chicken serum from the field. Both chicken and rabbit positive serum with ELISA test showed high Optical Density (OD), while field chicken serum from broiler commonly gave lower OD compared to layer. Immunoblot test of chicken positive serum showed bands of reaction with the antigen in nitrocellulose membrane, approximately on 33, 38, 44, 52, 70, 77, 97, and 110 kDa, meanwhile field chicken serum with high OD in ELISA test, showed bands approximately on 16, 18, 33, 38, 44, 47, 52, 70, 77, 84, 97, and 110 kDa. It means that the field chicken serum contain immunoglobulin molecules has spesific antibody of aspergillus antigen. It is concluded that the ELISA test can be used for screening on chicken aspergillosis in serological methode. Key Words: Antigen, Aspergillus fumigatus, Serology, Chicken

The preparation of Dermatophilus congolensis antigen and its testing by means of immunodiffusion test and electrophoresis Djaenudin Gholib; Subiyanto .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 3 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The filtrate antigen ofDermatophilus congolensis was prepared based on the Makinde method, whereas the whole cell antigen was based on the Bida and Kelley method. Filtrate antigen of Dermatophilus congolensis has been tested with positive serum from experimental animals, guinea pigs and sheep by means of immurrodiffitsion test and electrophoresis . Positive serum was produced by inoculation of whole cell antigen of D. congolensis to the animals . The results showed that the immunodiffusion test resulted in one and two precipitation lines with positive serum of sheep and guinea pigs respectively. Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE presented about 8 bands with molecular weight in the range from above 30 kD to more than 94 kD. The bands were then transferred into nitrocellulose membrane and gave positive reaction with positive serum from sheep. Key words : Antigen, Dermatophilus congolensis, immunodiffusion, electrophoresis

Dermatophytes Fungi Trichophyton Verrucosum A Causative Agent of Ringworm Disease on Cattle Djaenudin Gholib; S Rachmawati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 1 (2010): MARCH 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Ringworm is a superficial mycosis which affected surface parts of the body such as skin, hair, nail or horn. These parts are rich of keratine that required for the fungi to grow. The disease affects both animals and human (zoonosis), and it results in hair loss, crusted of skin, swelling, erythema and itchy. The disease is considered as important because it affects health condition and animal production. The causative agent is fungal dermatophytes group especially Trichophyton verrucosum. Cases occurred in Indonesia and first officially reported and published in 1980 on imported dairy cows from Australia, and a causative agent was identified as Trichophyton verrucosum. Recently, the same cases occurred in young dairy calves and lactating cattle. Pathogenity test in rabbits by artificial infection revealed the growth of the colonies. Post infection and vaccination provide resistency on cattle. Therefore beside therapeutic method, the vaccination program is useful to be included in prevention of the disease. Key words: Trichophyton verrucosum, ringworm, cattle

Mastitis Mikotik Akibat Terinfeksi Candida spp dan Trichosporon spp pada Peternakan Sapi Perah di Bogor, Bandung, dan Jakarta (MYCOTIC MASTITIS CAUSED BY CANDIDA SPP AND TRICHOSPORON SPP ON DAIRY FARM IN BOGOR, BANDUNG, AND JAKARTA) Riza Zainuddin Ahmad; Djaenudin Gholib
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 17 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (140.021 KB)

Mycotic mastitis is a disease affecting dairy cows and the causative agent is fungi of yeast, and alsomolds, but the disease is dominantly caused by yeast. In Indonesia reported of the disease is very rare.Generally, the mycotic mastitis is chronic causing great economic losses. This study aim was to show thatthere are still cases of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows in the area of Bandung, Bogor and Jakarta. Isolationand identification of fungi that caused mycotic mastitis were performed from the positive milk samplesteseted with California Mastitis Test (CMT). Of the 184 positive samples mastitis tested with CMT, 71samples mycotic mastitis were obtained, The 71 samples consisted of 13 molds and 84 yeasts based onthe isolates findings. Consecutive areas where commonly found mycotic mastitis were Bogor (50%);Bandung (38%); and Jakarta (27%). The number of positive samples in mycotic mastitis caused by moldinfection findings obtained less than yeasts. The yeast of Trichosporon spp found 34 isolates which washigher than Candida spp at 26 isolates. The existence of this yeast contamination was associated with thehygiene of the cage and the dairy cows. Control needs to be done to reduce the cases of mycotic mastitis.

Pemberian Duddingtonia flagrans dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meningkatkan Produksi Susu dan Menurunkan Populasi Cacing pada Sapi (THE TREATMENT OF DUDDINGTONIA FLAGRANS AND SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE INCREASE MILK PRODUCTION AND DECREASE WORM POPULATION IN Riza Zainuddin Ahmad; Djaenudin Gholib
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 15 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (294.315 KB)

Duddingtonia flagrans isolates are commonly used as biological control, and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeas probiotics. This study aimed to test isolates D. flagrans and S. cerevisiae as a biological agent andprobiotics. Tests carried out on beef cattle and dairy cows, which grouped into treatment (Administrationof D. flagrans and S. cerevisiae) and controls. For examination worm was also made in the grass. The studywas done in seven months The results of this study indicate that there is increase of 10 to 15% of the milkproduction in dairy cows after treatment (p> 0.05) but the beef was no difference between the treatmentand control. Treatment of D. flagrans significantly reduced the population of worms in the grass andanimals. Base on the result, it was concluded that D. flagrans and S. cerevisiae can be used together toincrease milk production and reduce the population of worms in cattle.

Cemaran Kapang pada Pakan Sapi dan Uji In Vitro Sirih terhadap Pertumbuhan Kapang Aspergillus flavus (MOLD CONTAMINATION IN CATTLE FEED AND IN VITRO ASSAY OF PIPER BETEL AGAINTS GROWTH OF MOLD CONTAMINANT ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS ) Riza Zainuddin Ahmad; Djaenudin Gholib
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 18 No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Contamination of mold in feed and Ingridients of feed is important because pathogenic and toxigenic mold will contaminate and cause mycotic and mycotoxicosis on livestock especially cattle. Information regarding the data is required in an attempt to controll of mold contaminant. Base on the previous study piper betel leaf (Piper betle) showed high activity as antimold. The aim of this study were to obtain data of mold contamination in cattle feed and ingredients of feed from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java, and to test piper betel as an antimold herbal from traditional medicinal plants originated from Indonesia. Isolation and identification of fungi were conducted on the flour, glycerides, onggok, corn, peanut, coconut, coffee, concentrates, lamtoro, pineapple, rice, grass, palm, cassava, tofu lees, fish meal, bone meal from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java. Isolation was done by plating the samples on agar medium, The mold have grown on media was identified. Feed that has been mixed with the extracts and powders plus mold inoculum was incubated. After 3=7 days incubation, colony forming unit (CFU) of the mixtures were counted. The results showed that the majority of feed contaminated with mold, but still below the threshold. The mold contamination in wheat flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees exceeds from the threshold. Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. Candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Mycelia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. Penicillium sp were most commonly found in the feed as much as 2.56 x 107 CFU. At a concentration of 10%. in vitro test showed that the piper betel leaf in powder form is more effective than extract form to inhibit the growth of A.flavus The conclusion of this study was flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees contaminated by molds. Penicillium sp and 17 species of mold were the most frequently found compared to other fungi. Powders the best form of the piper betel as antimold. ABSTRAK Cemaran kapang pada pakan dan bahan penyusunnya adalah penting sebab kapang yang tergolong patogenik dan toksigenik dapat mencemari dan menyebabkan mikosis dan mikotoksikosis pada ternak sapi. Informasi mengenai kapang pencemar diperlukan dalam usaha pengendaliannya. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui daun sirih (Piper betle) mempunyai aktivitas antikapang yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data cemaran kapang pada pakan ternak sapi dan bahan penyusunnya dari propinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat, serta menguji sirih sebagai obat herbal antikapang yang telah terpilih dari tanaman obat tradisional asli Indonesia. Isolasi dan identifikasi kapang telah dilakukan pada tepung, gliserida, onggok, jagung, kacang, kelapa, kopi, konsentrat, lamtoro, nenas, beras, rumput, sawit, singkong, ampas tahu, tepung ikan, tepung tulang dari provinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat. Isolasi dilakukan dengan membiakkan sampel pada media agar, Kapang yang sudah tumbuh pada media diidentifikasi. Pakan yang telah dicampur dengan ektrak dan serbuk ditambahkan inokulum kapang, kemudian diinkubasi. Setelah 3-7 hari diinkubasi, dihitung colony forming unit (CFU) yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pakan tercemar kapang, tetapi levelnya masih berada di bawah batas ambang. Cemaran kapang pada tepung, jagung, konsentrat, dan ampas tahu melebihi batas ambang. Kapang-kapang tersebut adalah Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Miselia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., dan Rhizopus sp. Kapang Penicillium sp adalah yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pakan yakni sebanyak 2,56.107 CFU. Uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih dalam bentuk serbuk lebih efektif dibandingkan bentuk ekstrak untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. flavus pada konsentrasi 10%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tepung, jagung, konsentrat dan ampas tahu tercemar oleh kapang. Ditemukan 17 jenis kapang pencemar pakan dan kapang Penicillium sp yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Antikapang sirih yang terbaik adalah dalam bentuk serbuk.

DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KENCUR (Kaempferia galanga L.) TERHADAP Trichophyton mentagrophytes DAN Cryptococcus neoformans JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KURAP PADA KULIT DAN PENYAKIT PARU Djaenudin Gholib
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 20, No 1 (2009): BULETIN PENELITIAN TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v20n1.2009.%p

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menge-tahui adanya efek daya hambat ekstrak etanol rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) ter-hadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes, yaitu jamur jenis kapang penyebab penyakit kurap pada kulit, dan Cryptococcus neoformans, jamur jenis ragi penyebab penyakit paru pada manusia atau hewan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Mikologi Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner (BBALITVET) Bogor mulai Feb-ruari sampai April 2008. Ekstrak etanol rim-pang kencur yang digunakan diekstraksi di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (BALITTRO), Bogor. Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji in vitro dengan metode tuang (pouring dilution method). Ekstrak kencur diencerkan pada taraf 0,03; 0,06; 0,09; 0,12; dan 0,15% untuk diuji daya hambatnya ter-hadap T. mentagrophytes, dan 0,25; 0,50; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2% untuk uji daya hambat terhadap C. neoformans. Masing-masing 1 ml ekstrak dan jamur uji yang dilarutkan dalam air suling steril (enceran 10-3) dituangkan ke dalam cawan petri steril, lalu dicampur secara merata. Kemudian media agar Sabouraud yang dicairkan, dituang-kan ke masing-masing cawan petri. Setelah membeku, biakan diinkubasi pada suhu 37o C selama 5 hari. Pengujian dilakukan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur uji, dan dihitung jumlahnya. Pada enceran ekstrak yang menunjukkan tidak adanya pertumbuhan koloni jamur, ditentukan sebagai nilai konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai KHM ekstrak adalah 0,15% terhadap T. mentagrophytes, dan 2% terhadap C. neoformans. Daya hambat ekstrak rimpang kencur lebih besar terhadap T. mentagrophytes diban-dingkan dengan C. neoformans.

5. Important Mycotic Diseases In Animal Livestock Caused By Some Agriculture Fungi In Indonesia Riza Zainuddin Ahmad; Djaenudin Gholib
The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research Vol 1, No 1 (2016): Vol. 1 (1) May 2016
Publisher : The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University

One of contribution for Indonesian state from Agriculture sector is livestock animals. This livestock animals in Indonesia is divided to large and small ruminant, poultry, and other commercial animals. All these animals can be infected by some agriculture fungi which causes mycosis. The disease cause economic loss by morbidity and mortality. In chicken (poultry), aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus sp can be very important among mycotic diseases. In ruminant ringworm (dermatofitosis) caused by dermatofit fungi which infected skin, and mastitis caused by fungi in Dairy cattle causes decrease milk production. Histoplasmosis caused by fungi such as Histoplasma farciminosum is called Selakarang, infect horse. This paper discribes these mycotic diseases and control and to give more information of fungal disease caused by some agriculture fungi.

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