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National Health Insurance on Household Out-of-pocket Health Expenses in Indonesia Wijayati, Ira Yusnita; Handayani, Dwini
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v20i4.31231

Abstract

BPJS Kesehatan is expected to increase access to fair and high-quality health care for all citizens and provide financial risk protection. Our study aims to examine the impact of BPJS Kesehatan’s implementation as national health insurance (NHI) on household out-of-pocket expenses. Our study used a difference in differences (DID) regression model that was applied to repeated cross-section data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) between 2013-2014 and 2019-2020. Propensity-score matching (PSM) is used to provide covariate balance in the regression model data. Illnesses that are represented by health conditions and treatment options (self-medication, outpatient, inpatient) are determining factors of out-of-pocket expenses. Our finding, the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan resulted in a 26.0% increase in out-of-pocket expenses. Its main reason is an increase in public health awareness, as indicated by the increased number of visits to health facilities. However, the increase in out-of-pocket expenses suggests that the usage of BPJS Kesehatan is not optimal. To optimize its function as financial protection, improvements must be made to the mechanism and system policies.
Dampak Kejadian Bencana terhadap Upah Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia Rismawati, Rismawati; Handayani, Dwini
Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Keuangan Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : https://jurnal.binamandiri.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51805/jmbk.v6i2.345

Abstract

Natural disasters cause loss of life and infrastructure damage. Over the past decade, the frequency and number of natural disaster events have tended to increase. Such events can threaten and disrupt community life, including the education sector, lead to the loss of jobs and assets, cause health and psychological problems, and disrupt economic activities. Disasters also result in damaged infrastructure, weakened social cohesion, and increased poverty rates. One of the variables affected by disasters is labor wages. The determinants of wages are classified into three categories: 1) demographic characteristics, including age, age squared, gender, marital status, and place of residence; 2) human resource characteristics, including education, certified training, and work experience; and 3) job characteristics, including working hours and industry sector. This study utilizes data from the 2019 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) and the Indonesia Disaster Information Data (DIBI) from BNPB. The findings indicate that disaster events significantly affect labor wages in Indonesia, although the estimated effect is relatively small. The policy implication of this study is that policymakers can enhance community resilience through both structural and non-structural mitigation efforts to reduce the adverse impacts of disasters, particularly their impact on the wages of affected workers.
The Effect Of JKP On The Percentage of NEET In Indonesia Ivo Bangun, Teger; Handayani, Dwini
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 4 No. 8 (2024): Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v4i8.1317

Abstract

The NEET rate in Indonesia is the highest among other ASEAN countries and has increased in 2022, coinciding with the first year JKP benefits can be claimed. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the effect of JKP on the percentage of NEET in Indonesia. Using August 2022 sakernas data and 2021 podes data in the form of cross-section data, this study was conducted using the Ordinary Least Square method. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis in the form of regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that a 1% increase in the number of youth JKP recipients in the district/city reduces the percentage of NEET youth by 0.62% in 2022. Suggestions for the government are to increase JKP participation among youth aged 15-24 years. Review the requirements, claim procedures and obligations of JKP beneficiaries, to mitigate the risk of moral hazard.
The Effect of Digital Literacy on the Risks of Children Dropping Out of School During the Covid-19 Pandemic Muzayyin, Afif; Dwini Handayani
JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Vol. 25 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/jtp.v25i2.34477

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has negative implications for all aspects of life, including aspects of education. It is feared that the transition to a distance learning system (PJJ) that adopts digital technology will reduce students' learning abilities (learning loss) and potentially increase the risk of dropping out of school. This study aims to study the effect of digital literacy on the risk of dropping out of school for children aged 7-18 years during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative approach that using secondary data of Susenas 2021, Podes 2021, and IP-TIK 2021 publications with 250,921 samples of unit analysis being individuals aged 7-18 years with school status in the academic year (2019/2020) at the elementary to high school levels. Data analysis was performed using descriptive methods and multilevel binary logistic regression. The results of the analysis show that digital literacy as a proxy for digital access (use of mobile phones, computers/laptops, and internet access) has a negative significant effect on the risk of dropping out children of school. Childrens that have higher the digital literacy will have the lower the risk of dropping out children of school. The significant control variables were sex, school level, employment status of the head of household, length of schooling of the head of household, household expenditure quintile, and classification of residence. While the contextual (regional) variable that has a significant effect on the risk of dropping out of school is the information and communication technology development index (IP-TIK)
Asosiasi Jaminan Sosial dengan Partisipasi Kerja Penduduk Lansia di Indonesia Wibowo, Evelyn Fairuz; Handayani, Dwini
Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia has entered a period of aging population. The number of elderly people has increased sharply without social security ownership, making the elderly population vulnerable to poverty. Financial demands make the elderly must continue to work in their old age, even though their biological and psychological conditions are declining. The study aims to analyzes the effect of social insurance (pension insurance and health insurance) on the work participation of the elderly population which is controlled based on individual, household, and social characteristics. Using secondary data from the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey and analyzed using logistic biner regression, this study found that the ownership of pension security and health insurance has a significant negative effect on the work participation of the elderly. Elderly people who are heads of households, have low education, male, live in rural areas, have no health problems, have a large number of working family members, and whose economic conditions are below the poverty line tend to continue working at retirement age.
The effect of education, training, and work experience on the employment probability of people with disabilities in Indonesia Labibah, Salma; Handayani, Dwini
Journal of Gender Equality Disability Social Inclusion and Children Vol. 3 No. 2: (January) 2026
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jgedsic.v3i2.2026.2557

Abstract

Background: The significant gap in labor force participation among Indonesia's 22.5 million persons with disabilities poses an urgent challenge to inclusive development, despite the existence of affirmative policy frameworks. This study aims to analyze the influence of human capital, measured by education level, training, and work experience, on the probability of employment among persons with disabilities. Methods: This study uses a mixed-methods approach, processing quantitative data from the February 2024 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) with a logistic regression (logit) model and reinforced with qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews. Findings: The results of the study show that higher education and participation in job training significantly increase the probability of employment for people with disabilities. However, this study reveals a crucial contrasting finding: secondary education has no significant effect, while work experience and residence on the island of Java are negatively correlated with employment opportunities. Qualitative interviews explain this paradox, in which systemic discrimination, stigma, and structural barriers in the workplace effectively negate the benefits of human capital. Conclusion: Investment in human capital (supply side) is important but insufficient if not balanced with intervention on the demand side. The main barriers to the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the workforce lie in discriminatory practices by employers and the lack of an accommodative work environment. Therefore, policy recommendations must shift from merely training individuals to strict law enforcement, incentives for proper accommodation, and changes in corporate culture to create a truly inclusive job market. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely combines recent Sakernas 2024 data and mixed methods to reveal how discrimination and structural barriers undermine human capital returns for persons with disabilities in Indonesia.
Disability and School Enrollment in Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis Nur Hidayati; Dwini Handayani; Prita Nurmalia Kusumawardhani
Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan Vol. 15 No. 1 Februari (2026): Didaktika Jurnal Kependidikan
Publisher : South Sulawesi Education Development (SSED)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58230/27454312.3674

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between disability and school participation opportunities and identify the source of school participation gaps between children with disabilities and non-disabilities. The data used came from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) in March 2021, with a Linear Probability Model analysis approach. The estimated results showed that children with disabilities had a lower chance of attending school by 13,57% compared to non-disabled children, meaning that there was a statistically significant difference. These findings indicate a marked gap in school participation between the two groups. Follow-up analysis using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition with non-disabilities as a reference group showed that about 15,34% of the gap in school participation could be explained by differences in observable characteristics. In contrast, most of the gaps, which were about 84,66%, came from differences in coefficients and unexplained factors. These results confirm that the unexplained component plays a dominant role in explaining the inequality of school participation between children with and without disabilities.
The Impact of Job Separation Experience on Job Search Duration Mery Permata Defi; Dwini Handayani
EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : UNIVED Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37676/ekombis.v14i1.9056

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of job separation experiences, both voluntary and involuntary, on job search duration in Indonesia. Utilizing data from the 2023 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas), the research employs an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model with various control variables, including age, gender, marital status, household head status, household size, education level, training, and residential location. The analysis reveals that individuals who experience voluntary separation take longer to find new employment compared to those with involuntary separation. This study offers a novel approach by distinguishing between these two categories of job separation while exploring their interaction with individual characteristics. The findings are expected to provide empirical support for adaptive labor policies aimed at accelerating workforce transitions into stable and decent employment in Indonesia.