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All Journal Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Tropical Animal Science Journal
C. Hanim
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna 3 Yogyakarta 55281
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy

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EFFECT OF SAPONIN AS DEFAUNATING AGENT ON IN VITRO RUMINAL FERMENTATION OF FORAGE AND CONCENTRATE Hanim, C.; Yusiati, L.M.; Alim, S.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 34, No 4 (2009): (December)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.34.4.231-235

Abstract

nin level in fermentation medium (0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/ml), and many kinds of feed (king grass,rice bran, and king grass:rice bran, 60:40 w/w) on protozoa numbers, ammonia concentration, microbialprotein, pH and cellullase activity. Each treatment was consisted of three replicates. Fermentation wasdone in syringe and used in vitro gas production medium. The data obtained were analyzed by varianceanalysis using factorial design (4x3). The differences between mean values were analyzed by Duncan’snew multiple range test (DMRT). The result showed that protozoa numbers decreased 17.22, 42.73 and49.57% (P<0.01) for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/ml saponin, respectively from 8.19×103/ml in the control. Theaddition of 0.1 mg/l saponin increased ammonia concentration from 33.04 mg/100 ml (without saponin)to 37.12 mg/100 ml (P<0,01), whereas the addition of 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ml saponin decreased ammoniaconcentrations by 1.69 and 16.50% (P<0.01) compared to the control. Microbial protein, cellullaseactivity and pH were not affected neither by saponin nor kind of feed. Protozoal numbers and ammoniaconcentration in the rumen were lower (P<0.01) with king grass as substrat than that with rice bran, orking grass: rice bran. In general, no interactions between saponin and kind of feed were observed, exceptfor ammonia concentration. It can be concluded that level of 0.2 mg/ml saponin have antimicrobialproperties, particularly in suppressing protozoa, which may prove beneficial to ruminal fermentation andmay lead to lower ruminal ammonia concentration, but it did not have negative effect on pH, microbialprotein and cellullase activity. King grass as a substrate decreases protozoa numbers and ammoniaconcentration.
Health Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Palm Kernel Cake with Enzyme Mixture Supplementation Zubaidah, S.; Ariyadi, B.; Hanim, C.; Baskara, A. P.; Zuprizal
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 47 No. 4 (2024): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2024.47.4.465

Abstract

Palm kernel cake (PKC) utilization as poultry feed has limitations due to its high crude fiber and non-starch polysaccharides, which make it difficult for poultry to digest. This study aimed to determine the effect of enzyme supplementation on blood profile, gastrointestinal health, and intestine histomorphology of broiler chickens fed PKC. This study used 1,080 Indian River strain roosters and two kinds of enzyme mixtures. Enzyme 1 consisted of mannanase 182 g/ton, NSPase 200 g/ton, and protease 130 g/ton, and Enzyme 2 consisted of mannanase 182 g/ton, NSPase 400 g/ton, and protease 260 g/ton. This study used six treatments and six replicates, and each replicate consisted of 30 birds. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern of 2 × 3 and 6 replications. The treatment of factor A consisted of 3 levels of enzyme addition (No enzyme, Enzyme 1, and Enzyme 2), and factor B consisted of 2 levels of PKC (10% and 20%). The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant difference among treatments was further analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test. The experimental broilers fed PKC supplemented with enzyme had increased (p<0.05) villus height in the duodenum and ileum and decreased (p<0.05) relative weight percentage of the ventriculus (A2B1 and A3B1). The PKC supplementation increased (p<0.05) the relative weight percentage of proventriculus, duodenum, ileum, caecum, pH of ileum, crypta depth in the duodenum and ileum, but decreased (p<0.05) villus height in the jejunum. Enzyme supplementation increased (p<0.05) the plasma albumin, pH of duodenum, and villus width, but decreased crypta depth in the duodenum. This research concluded that Indian River strain roosters fed ration with 10% PKC supplemented with mannase, NPSase, and protease at doses of 182 g/ton, 200 g/ton, and 130 g/ton had the best health status.
Co-Authors Ariyadi, B. Baskara, A. P. L.M. Yusiati S. Alim Zubaidah, S. Zuprizal (Zuprizal)