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Journal : JURNAL KARSA (Terakreditasi No. 80/DIKTI/Kep/2012)

PATRON-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP PADA MASYARAKAT MADURA Hefni, Mohammad
JURNAL KARSA (Terakreditasi No. 80/DIKTI/Kep/2012) Vol 15, No 1 (2009): MADUROLOGI 5
Publisher : STAIN PAMEKASAN

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Abstrac This article traces patron-client relationship of Madurese both from socio-historical point of view and its contemporary progress. As an imbalance social-exchange relationship, in terms of patron-client relationship, second side (client) much highly depends upon the first side (patron). This had been experienced in Madurese social history during the native governmental period of time. The government was classified into two major classes; ruler class (patron) and farmer class (client). The former is fully in authority to take control either economic or politic potencies, however, the later transacts labors to the first side. Both side is connected by a bribe (upeti) systems—percaton, apanage and daleman. In current progress this relationship becomes more acquaintance, it covers economic and politic relationship. The success of Trunojoyo, the king of Sumeneps inherit, against the Mataram domination had been supported by Madurese people that had previously tightened to the system. Today,  patron-client relationship in Madura is reflected in the relationship between the head of village, as the owner of percaton,  and the staff as well as people, as the percaton manager. The other is well-described in the relationship of ship owner and pandega (fisher) in fishing. Once the relationship is set up, it directs to diadik relation, a two in one relation which is more personal and long lasting one. Kata-kata kunci Patron-klien, percaton, apanage, panembahan, rakyat, daleman, kepala desa, juragan, pandega, dan diadik.
PEREMPUAN MADURA DI ANTARA POLA RESIDENSI MATRILOKALDAN KEKUASAAN PATRIARKAT Hefni, Mohammad
JURNAL KARSA (Terakreditasi No. 80/DIKTI/Kep/2012) Vol 20, No 2 (2012): Islam, Budaya dan Hukum
Publisher : STAIN PAMEKASAN

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Abstrak: Dalam kajian antropologis, pola menetap setelah kawin (post-marital residence) menjadi bidang yang menarik untuk dikaji. Dalam hal ini terdapat sebuah teori yang disebut sebagai main sequence kinship theory (teori kekeluargaan rangkaian utama), yakni pola dalam post-marital residence yang berbeda menghasilkan susunan kekerabatan  dan pola kekuasaan yang berbeda. Pola residensi matri-lokal selalu ditemukan dalam sistem kekerabatan matrilineal dan relasi kekua-saan yang bersifat matriarkat. Sebaliknya, pola residensi patrilokal selalu ditemukan dalam sistem kekerabatan patrilineal dan relasi kekuasaan yang bersifat patriarkat. Rangkaian pola yang demikian telah ditemukan di beberapa tempat. Namun demikian, pola rangkaian tersebut tidak terjadi di Madura. Masyarakat Madura menganut pola redisensi matrilokal, tetapi pola kekuasa-annya bersifat patriarkhal dan sistem kekerabatannya bersifat bilateral. Kombinasi pola yang demikian terjadi karena adanya negosiasi antara adat dan hukum Islam. Abstract: In the study of anthropology, post marital residence becomes an interesting topic to study. It concerns a particular theory so-called main sequence kinship theory. It states that different patterns of post-marital residence produce different family structure and power pattern. Matrilocal-residency pattern has frequently found in the matrilineal family system and within matriarchal power relation. Conversely, patrilocal-residency has often recognized in the patrilineal family system and within patriarchal power relation. These series of pattern has been identified in several places. However, the series of patterns does not occur in Madura. Madurese tend to adopt matrilocal-residency but undergo patriarchal power relation. Hence, they characterize bilateral family system. This pattern combination is the result of negotiation between customary and Islamic laws. Kata Kunci: Matrilokal, patriarkat, bilateral, perempuan, Madura.