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Capitulation and Siyasah Syarâ€™iyah Al-Maliyah Impact on Economic Stability of the 18th & 19th Ottoman Turks Saharuddin, Desmadi; Meirison, Meirison; Chusna, Inayatul; Mulazid, Ade Sofyan
QIJIS Vol 7, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/qijis.v7i2.4847

Free trade and foreign investment that characterize the 21st Century trade and business model do not benefit all parties, particularly Islamic countries. Only those who have well-established economic system and large capital gain the most benefit. This condition had occurred during the Ottoman Khalifah. Therefore, this article aims to prove that free trade and foreign investment during the Ottoman, in the form of capitulation, brought negative impact on the Ottomanâ€™s economy and politics. Capitulation is an agreement between the Ottoman and Western European countries that regulated economic and legal sectors by giving privilege to the European countries to come and trade in the Ottoman. The Ottoman became a free market place that eliminated the Islamic economic system. The Ottoman saw the agreement as its Siyasah Syarâ€™iyah Al-Maliyah to protect the political sovereignty when facing European countries. Once the agreement benefited the Ottoman, later it caused economic political problems. The domestic industries faced difficulty when competing with foreign trades. The Ottoman government did not have full authority over the law and justice of the Europeans in the Ottoman. The capitulation that was expected by the Ottoman to protect its economy and politics had put the country under the domination of Western Europe. What happened to the Ottoman is proof that the free market is only beneficial to developed countries with active industries. Therefore, this historical fact should be reference for Islamic countries in conducting their foreign economic system.

The Manifestation of Monster and the Emotional Repression in Jennifer Kent’s The Babadook (2013) Inayatul Chusna; Anggita Rizkiarachma Ansyahputri; Avi Ainul Fikri; Muhammad Rafli
Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities Volume 4 Number 2, May 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta.

The purpose of this research is to explore the emotional state of the main character, Amelia, in The Babadook film. The film portrays how Amelia deals with her loss and how the monster Babadook represents the repressed feeling of loss. This research analyses the emergence of the Babadook, how it affects her, and how her behaviors are considered as melancholia by using qualitative method and the theory of psychoanalysis, Mourning and Melancholia by Sigmund Freud (1917). The research finds that the eerie monster haunts Amelia whenever she is confronted to her repressed emotion: grief and self- loathing. The Babadook monster is the manifestation of grief and loss. As the monster getting stronger, the sinister presence of the Babadook starts to affect Amelia’s psyche as she is getting more paranoid and more aggressive. She is also unable to show affection toward her son. Moreover, Amelia shows an act of self-destruct by keeping herself from the outside world and unconsciously blaming herself for the death of the husband. Those behaviors indicate that Amelia comes into the state of melancholia. Finally, she manages to overcome the state by accepting the feeling of loss and let herself mourn. The study of this film suggests a way of dealing with trauma and loss by accepting their permanent presence in life.

Capitulation and Siyasah Syar’iyah Al-Maliyah Impact on Economic Stability of the 18th & 19th Ottoman Turks Desmadi Saharuddin; Meirison Meirison; Inayatul Chusna; Ade Sofyan Mulazid
QIJIS Vol 7, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/qijis.v7i2.4847

Free trade and foreign investment that characterize the 21st Century trade and business model do not benefit all parties, particularly Islamic countries. Only those who have well-established economic system and large capital gain the most benefit. This condition had occurred during the Ottoman Khalifah. Therefore, this article aims to prove that free trade and foreign investment during the Ottoman, in the form of capitulation, brought negative impact on the Ottoman’s economy and politics. Capitulation is an agreement between the Ottoman and Western European countries that regulated economic and legal sectors by giving privilege to the European countries to come and trade in the Ottoman. The Ottoman became a free market place that eliminated the Islamic economic system. The Ottoman saw the agreement as its Siyasah Syar’iyah Al-Maliyah to protect the political sovereignty when facing European countries. Once the agreement benefited the Ottoman, later it caused economic political problems. The domestic industries faced difficulty when competing with foreign trades. The Ottoman government did not have full authority over the law and justice of the Europeans in the Ottoman. The capitulation that was expected by the Ottoman to protect its economy and politics had put the country under the domination of Western Europe. What happened to the Ottoman is proof that the free market is only beneficial to developed countries with active industries. Therefore, this historical fact should be reference for Islamic countries in conducting their foreign economic system.

Stereotip Dunia Ketiga dalam Film Bride and Prejudice Inayatul Chusna
Buletin Al-Turas Vol 22, No 1 (2016): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract The focus of this research is to expose the representation of the Third World (India) in a transnational film, Bride and Prejudice. By using the theory of representation and some concepts in postcolonial studies, the representation of the Third World are revealed through the characters of the First and Third World and their relationship. The representation of the Third World that creates center and peripheral, and the image of Center as everything confirm the stereotypical representation of the Third World. The love story of the film between the First and Third World characters actually creates prejudices which once again reflecting the First and Third World stereotypes. The genre of the film, the transnational genre, expected to give space for the Third World to be visualized equal cannot remove the stereotypical representation. Bride and Prejudice becomes a transnational film that presents colonial voices. Keywords: Postcolonialism, Representation, First and Third World, Stereotype. ------- Abstrak Fokus penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang representasi dunia ketiga (India) dalam sebuah film transnasional, Bride dan Prejudice. Dengan menggunakan teori representasi dan beberapa konsep kajian poskolonial, representasi dunia ketiga digambarkan melalui hubungan dunia pertama dan ketiga para tokoh film tersebut. Representasi dunia ketiga yang menyebabkan terjadinya pusat dan pinggiran, dan penggambaran pusat sebagai pengokohan stereotip representasi dunia ketiga. Cerita cinta dalam film tersebut, antara para tokoh dunia pertama dan ketigapada dasarnya menimbulkan praduga yang menggambarkan stereotipe dunia pertama dan ketiga. Genre film ini, genre transnasional, diharapkan dapat memberikan ruang bagi dunia ketiga mengenai kesetaraan tidak dapat menghapus stereotip terhadapnya. Bride dan Prejudice menjadi sebuah film transnasional yang merepresentasikan suara-suara kolonial. Katakunci: poskolonial, representasi, dunia pertama dan ketiga, stereotip.

Mitos dan Kritik Lingkungan dalam Film Aquaman (2018) Okti Ayu Lestari; Reynatania Meydiana Sahara; Zulfa Azza Ardhini; Inayatul Chusna
Buletin Al-Turas Vol 26, No 1 (2020): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Aquaman is a superhero movie that presents the environmental issue through the conflict between human and nature in the middle of the dispute for the throne as the ocean master. The movie also myth related to ocean. This article aims to describe how the movie presents the human-nature relationship. Besides, it also aims to analyze how the myth plays role in improving human-nature relationship. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, ecocriticism approach, and Sonny Keraf’s environmental ethical perspective. The result shows the relationship between human and natures that presented in the movie are not harmonious. This unharmonious relationship is shown through the conflict betwen the character of Arthur and Orm, whose each is the representation of human and nature. The research also finds that the myth about the trident influences the formation of environmental ethical perspective. Thus, myth plays an important role in improving the human-nature relationship in order to create an ecological balance. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hubungan antara lingkungan dengan manusia yang dihadirkan di dalam film Aquaman. Aquaman adalah film superhero yang menghadirkan hubungan problematik antara manusia dan lingkungan di tengah kisah perebutan tahta kerajaan laut. Film ini juga menyajikan mitos yang berhubungan dengan laut sebagai bagian dalam hubungan manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji bagaimana mitos berperan memperbaiki ketidakharmonisan hubungan antara manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan ekokritik dan perspektif etika lingkungan Sony Keraf. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara alam dengan manusia di dalam film digambarkan tidak harmonis. Hubungan tidak harmonis hadir melalui konflik yang terjadi antara tokoh Arthur dan Orm, yang masing-masing mewakili manusia dan alam. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa mitos mengenai trisula berperan penting dalam membentuk perspektif etik lingkungan yang dihadirkan melalui tokoh Arthur. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mitos sangat berperan di dalam memperbaiki hubungan antara alam dan manusia demi menciptakan adanya keseimbangan lingkungan. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين البيئة والبشر في فيلم .Aquaman Aquaman هو فيلم خارق يقدم علاقة إشكالية بين البشر والبيئة في منتصف الصراع على عرش مملكة البحر. و يعرض الفيلم أيضًا الأساطير المتعلقة بالبحر كجزء من العلاقات الإنسانية والبيئة. و تتناول هذه الدراسة كيف تساهم الأساطير في تحسين تنافر العلاقة بين البشرو البيئة أيضا. هذه الدراسة تستخدم طريقة وصفية نوعية مع المدخل إيكوكريتيك (Ekokritik) و على ضوء الأخلاق البيئية لسوني كراف (Sony Keraf). و تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن العلاقة بين الطبيعة والبشر في الفيلم توصف بأنها غير متناغمة. و العلاقات المتناغمة موجودة من خلال النزاعات التي تحدث بين شخصيات آرثر(Arthur) وأورم (Orm)،كلاهما يمثلان البشر و الطبيعة. و للأسطور حول تريسولا (trislua) دور مهم في تشكيل الأخلاقي البيئي الذي قدمه آرثر(Arthur). لذلك، استنتج الباحث أن للأسطور دورًا مهمًا في تحسين العلاقات بين الطبيعية و البشر من أجل التوازن البيئي.

Prison and Freedom in Nadia Hashimi’s A House Without Windows Muhammad Raihansyah Putratama; Inayatul Chusna
Muslim English Literature Vol 1, No 2 (2022): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v1i2.28357

This research aims to analyse a prison where the characters achieve their freedom, while outside the prison they get oppressed by the men. This research uses the freedom concept by Jean-Paul Sartre because of the relevancy behind the theory and the story. The corpus of this research is Nadia Hashimi’s A House Without Windows (2016). The study uses the existentialism theories from Jean-Paul Sartre and Representation theory by Stuart Hall to support the analysis. The result of this research shows a great contrast between the women when they were out of prison and when they were in prison. Outside the prison, they continue to experience oppression from various parties, while when they are in prison, they live more freely than when they were outside the prison. For the inmate, the definition of freedom itself shifts from the common definition. To be able to get freedom is not only in an open space, but it can also be in a prison where the space for movement is limited, but not by their actions and speech.

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE IN MORTAL ENGINES (2018) FILM: A STUDY OF POSTCOLONIAL ECOCRITICISM Saputra, Muhamad Ramadan; Chusna, Inayatul
International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 8, No 1 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Sanata Dharma University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v8i1.7004

This research aims to uncover the social and environmental issues depicted in Mortal Engines (2018) and explore the possible implications the film promotes from the disparitys depiction concerning social and environmental justice. The study utilizes Huggan and Tiffin's Postcolonial ecocriticism and mise-en-scene theory, employing a descriptive-qualitative research method. The data is collected from the characters' dialogue and visual representations highlighting social and environmental injustice. The findings show that: 1) There are significant correlations and interconnectedness between different issues, resulting in social and environmental injustice within the film; 2) This injustice originates from ecological imperialism and is perpetuated by dualistic and binary thinking. These thinking patterns lead to bio-colonization, violence, abuse of power, marginalization, othering, and exploitation, contributing to power imbalances, social injustice, environmental racism, and degradation; 3) The depiction employs mise-en-scene, dialogue, symbols, allegory, visual language, and literary devices, the film effectively engages the audience and promotes social and environmental justice values; 4) The research also uncovers the film's role as an interventionist and counter-hegemony, advocating for social and environmental justice, decolonization, resistance, sustainability, humanity, and historicism.

Veiled Exploitation: The Maintenance of Power through False Consciousness in The Netflix Series Arcane Ananda Lukmanul Hakim; Inayatul Chusna
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 24, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v24i2.8965

The focus of this research is to identify and reveal how false consciousness is created and utilized to retain the authority of the industrialist Silco in the Netflix series Arcane. This research aims to show how false consciousness is through the creation of class consciousness, and how it is spread and maintained through state apparatuses and commodity fetishism as a method of exploitation to maintain his authority and status as a leader in Zaun. In this research, the Marxist theory of ideology and state apparatuses by Louis Althusser and commodity fetishism by Karl Marx were employed to answer the research questions. The research used a qualitative method of content analysis. The data is collected and identified by watching the series, where the relevant data is collected from visuals, activities, and dialogues within the series so that it can be analyzed further. Based on the data analysis, the series Arcane depicts false consciousness as a method to exploit the people from the proletariat and bourgeois classes to benefit certain people or groups. Silco creates and maintains false consciousness by utilizing state apparatuses such as ideological state apparatus and repressive state apparatus through ideology. Silco also utilizes commodity fetishism from Shimmer as a way to control the people through false consciousness. As a result, Silco managed to maintain his power as a leader in Zaun, which reveals how false consciousness can be utilized to benefit a certain people, group, or classes to maintain their power within society.

Prison and Freedom in Nadia Hashimi’s A House Without Windows Putratama, Muhammad Raihansyah; Chusna, Inayatul
Muslim English Literature Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v1i2.28357

This research aims to analyse a prison where the characters achieve their freedom, while outside the prison they get oppressed by the men. This research uses the freedom concept by Jean-Paul Sartre because of the relevancy behind the theory and the story. The corpus of this research is Nadia Hashimi’s A House Without Windows (2016). The study uses the existentialism theories from Jean-Paul Sartre and Representation theory by Stuart Hall to support the analysis. The result of this research shows a great contrast between the women when they were out of prison and when they were in prison. Outside the prison, they continue to experience oppression from various parties, while when they are in prison, they live more freely than when they were outside the prison. For the inmate, the definition of freedom itself shifts from the common definition. To be able to get freedom is not only in an open space, but it can also be in a prison where the space for movement is limited, but not by their actions and speech.

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