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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Hortikultura Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian
Yusdar Hilman
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Jln. Raya Ragunan No. 29A, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta 12540
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS Hilman, Yusdar; Rahim, Anuar Abdul; Musa, Mohamed Hanafi; Hashim, Azizah
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and lowin both total and available phosphorus which severely limits theirpotential for crops production. These problems can be correctedby application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizersare expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock(PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influencethe dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physicalproperties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factorsand evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conductedin Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia andIndonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research andDevelopment from January to April 2002. The principal componentanalysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in anincubation system into a number of factors that may affect PRdissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soilacidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors asindependent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performedto derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PRdissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity,then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content andorganic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacityinteracted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolutioneffectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and siltcontent, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Cadecreased PR dissolution.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS Hilman, Yusdar; Musa, Mohamed Hanafi; Rahim, Anuar Abdul; Hashim, Azizah; Adiningsih, Justina Sri
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system.  Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols > Bogor Oxisols > Subang Inceptisols > Bogor Inceptisols > Sukabumi Oxisols > Lebak Ultisols > Sukabumi Inceptisols > Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.
Penggunaan Benzil Amino Purin dan Boron untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mutu Benih True Shallots Seed Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) di Dataran Tinggi Rosliani, Rini; Palupi, ER; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggunaan umbi benih untuk bahan perbanyakan bawang merah mempunyai beberapa masalah, antara lain ketidaktersediaan benih bermutu, produktivitas rendah, dan mahal. Salah satu alternatif teknologi yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai benih ialah penggunaan biji botani atau true shallots seed (TSS).  Penelitian dilakukan untuk memproduksi benih bawang merah TSS di dataran tinggi melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari menggunakan BAP dan boron.  Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, Jawa Barat (ketinggian 1.250 m dpl.) dari Bulan Agustus 2011 sampai dengan Februari 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.  Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu aplikasi benzil amino purin (BAP) 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 ppm dan boron 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kg/ha.  Aplikasi  BAP diberikan tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST), dan boron pada umur 3, 5, dan 7 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan, viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah, dan produksi benih TSS tetapi tidak meningkatkan mutu benih, sedangkan aplikasi boron efektif meningkatkan semua variabel yang diamati termasuk mutu benih TSS. Konsentrasi BAP yang optimum untuk menghasilkan produksi benih TSS ialah 37,5 ppm, sedangkan dosis boron yang optimum untuk menghasilkan bobot benih per plot yang tinggi dengan mutu benih sesuai standar sertifikasi mutu yaitu 2,88 kg/ha.  Hasil yang diperoleh pada perlakuan boron memberikan peningkatan sebesar 165,69% daripada kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi teknologi produksi TSS yang dapat dikembangkan untuk memproduksi benih TSS bermutu tinggi. ABSTRACT. Rosliani, R, Palupi, ER, and Hilman, Y 2012. Benzyl Amino Purine and Boron Application for Improving Production and Quality of True Shallots Seed (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) in Highlands. The use of bulb for propagation material of shallots has several problems including unavailability of quality seeds, low productivity, and expensive. One of the potential alternative technologies to be developed as seed is using true shallots seed (TSS). The aimed of research was to produce TSS in the highlands through increased flowering and pollen viability by using benzyl amino purine (BAP) and boron. The study was conducted at the Experimental Field, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) in Lembang, West Java (altitude 1,250 m asl.), from August 2011 to February 2012. The factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consists of two factors, namely the application of BAP 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm and boron (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha). Benzyl amino purine application was given three times at  1, 3, and 5 weeks after planting (WAP), and boron at  3, 5, and 7 WAP. The results showed that application of BAP improved flowering, pollen viability, and seed production of TSS but did not improve seed quality, while boron application effectively increased all variables including the seed quality of TSS. The efficient concentration of BAP to improve TSS seed weight per plot was 37.5 ppm, while the optimum concentration of boron to improve TSS seed production with the good seed quality (according to the certification standards of seed quality) was 2.88 kg/ha. The yield obtained in the treatment of boron gave an increase of 165.69% compared to the control. The results provide information about TSS production techniques that can be developed to produce  the high seed quality of TSS.
Respons Hama Lalat Buah Jantan terhadap beberapa Jenis Atraktan dan Warna Perangkap di Kebun Petani Hasyim, Ahsol; Boy, A; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian respons lalat buah jantan terhadap beberapa jenis atraktan dan warna perangkap dilakukan dikebun buah dan sayur Padang Pariaman dari bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2006. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok pola faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah warna perangkap (merah, kuning,hijau, oranye, dan transparan). Faktor kedua ialah atraktan ME sintetik (metil eugenol murni 90%), petrogenol (ME70%), dan cue-lure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah lalat buah yang terperangkap/perangkap/haripada berbagai warna perangkap dan atraktan sintetik berbeda nyata. Lalat buah lebih banyak terperangkap, diperolehpada perangkap warna kuning (39 ekor), kemudian diikuti oleh perangkap warna merah, hijau, oranye, dan transparan,masing-masing 29,84, 27,99, 14,89, dan 14,3 ekor lalat buah/perangkap/hari. Jumlah lalat buah paling banyak tertarikpada perangkap dengan atraktan metil eugenol murni dibandingkan dengan perangkap ME 70% dan cue-lure. Perangkapwarna kuning dengan atraktan ME dapat menarik lebih banyak jenis lalat buah (11 spesies) kemudian diikuti olehperangkap transparan, perangkap warna merah, oranye, dan hijau, masing-masing dapat menarik berturut-turut 9,8, 8, dan 7 jenis lalat buah. Penggabungan antara warna perangkap dengan atraktan sintetik metil eugenol, dapatmeningkatkan kemampuan sebagai perangkap yang potensial dan juga sebagai alat monitoring lalat buah.ABSTRACT. Hasyim, A., A. Boy, and Y. Hilman. 2010. The Response of Male Fruit Fly to Various Attractantand Trap Colors in the Farmer Orchard. The research was conducted in fruits and vegetables farmer orchard inPadang Pariaman from June to October 2006. The factorial randomized completely design with three replications andtwo factors were used in this experiment. The first factor was trap color (red, yellow, green, orange, and transparent).The second factor was kind of synthetic attractant (pure methyl eugenol 90%, petrogenol 70%, and cue-lure). Theresults showed that number of flies’ caught/trap/day was significantly different in response to trap colors and syntheticattractant. Yellow colored trap captured significantly highest number of male fruit fly (39 flies/trap/day) followed byred, green, orange, and transparent trap which were 29.84, 27.99, 14.89, and 14.3 fruit fly/trap/days, respectively.Pure ME (90%) attracted highest number of flies comparing ME 70% (petrogenol) and cue-lure. Yellow trap attractedhighest number of flies species (11 species) followed by transparent trap, red, orange, and green which were of 9, 8,8, and 7 species, respectively. The incorporation of trap color and synthetic attractant such as methyl eugenol wouldprovide powerful tools not only potential for fruit fly trapped but also for monitoring.
Analisis Finansial Penggunaan Benih Kentang G4 Bersertifikat dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Usahatani Petani Kentang Ridwan, H K; Nurmalinda, Nurmalinda; Sabari, Sabari; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Permasalahan utama usahatani kentang ialah produktivitas rerata yang masih rendah, yaitu sekitar16,94 t/ha. Penggunaan benih G4 bersertifikat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan para petanikentang. Penelitian mengenai analisis finansial penggunaan benih G4 bersertifikat dalam meningkatkan pendapatanusahatani kentang di Indonesia telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Pangalengan, Bandung, Jawa Barat dan KecamatanBatur, Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah, dari bulan Januari-Desember 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah menganalisis secarafinansial penggunaan benih kentang G4 bersertifikat dalam hal biaya, produksi, penerimaan, dan keuntungan bersihusahatani dibanding dengan penggunaan benih kentang tidak bersertifikat. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metodesurvei. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara berstruktur dengan petani, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dariinstansi terkait. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis biaya dan pendapatan dilakukandengan metode analisis finansial statik serta uji t untuk membandingkan dua perlakuan. Hasil analisis biaya usahatanikentang menunjukkan bahwa di Pangalengan rerata biaya produksi kentang dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapaiRp37.042.970,00, dan benih tidak bersertifikat Rp29.305.108,00 per ha/musim. Di Batur, rerata biaya produksikentang dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapai Rp23.718.196,00 dan benih tidak bersertifikat Rp22.589.475,00 perha/musim. Di Pangalengan, rerata produksi kentang yang dihasilkan dengan benih G4 bersertifikat mencapai 26.364kg, dan benih tidak bersertifikat mencapai 22.001 kg per ha/musim. Di Batur, rerata produksi kentang dengan benihG4 bersertifikat dan benih tidak bersertifikat masing-masing mencapai 16.976 kg dan 14.031 kg per ha/musim. Hasilanalisis masukan dan keluaran menunjukkan bahwa, di Pangalengan usahatani kentang yang menggunakan benihG4 bersertifikat dan benih tidak bersertifikat mendapatkan penerimaan serta keuntungan bersih masing-masingRp70.417.354,00 dan Rp53.529.785,00 serta Rp33.374.384,00 dan Rp24.224.677,00 per ha/musim, sedangkan di Baturmendapatkan penerimaan Rp67.130.010,00 dan Rp51.338.645,00 serta keuntungan bersih sebesar Rp43.411.814,00dan Rp28.749.170,00 per ha/musim. Hasil perhitungan uji t menunjukkan bahwa, di Pangalengan penggunaan benihkentang G4 bersertifikat memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan nyata dalam biaya dan penerimaan, sedangkan di Batur,memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan nyata dalam penerimaan dan keuntungan bersih usahatani dibanding dengan yangmenggunakan benih tidak bersertifikat.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., Nurmalinda, Sabari, and Y. Hilman. 2010. Financial Analysis of Potato FarmingSystem Using G4 Certified Seed to Improve Potato Farmer’s Income. The main problem on potato farmingsystem was low productivity (16.94 t/ha). The use of certified seeds (generation four/G4) was expected to improveproductivity and potato farmers income. The research was conducted at Pangalengan District, Bandung, West JavaProvince and Batur District, Banjarnegara, Central Java, from January to December 2008. The objectives of thisresearch was to analyze financially the used of certified seed (G4) in term of production cost, productivity, revenue,and profit of potato farming in comparation with the used of uncertified seed. The study was conducted by usingsurvey method. Primary data were obtained through interviewing farmers and secondary data were collected fromthe related institutions. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, while the cost and income analysis weredone by static method, and t test. The results indicated that the production cost in Pangalengan reached as much asRp37,042,970.00/ha (using certified seeds) and Rp29,305,108.00/ha (using uncertified seeds). Similar result wasobtained in Batur, the production cost was Rp23,718,196.00/ha (using certified seeds) and Rp22,589,475.00/ha (usinguncertified seeds). In Pangalengan, potato productivity reached 26,364 kg/ha (using certified seeds) and 22,001 kg/ha (using uncertified seeds), while in Batur, the productivity was about 16,976 kg/ha (using certified seeds) and14,031 kg/ha (using uncertified seeds). The result of input and output analyses showed that in Pangalengan, potatofarming provide revenue and profit about Rp.70,417,354.00 and Rp.33,374,384.00/ha/season respectively (usingcertified seeds), while uncertified seeds gave revenue and profit Rp.53,529,785.00/ha and Rp.24,224,677.00/ha/season, respectively. Whereas in Batur, the use of certified seeds provide revenue and profit Rp.67,130,010.00 andRp.43,411,818.00/ha/season respectively, while uncertified seeds provide Rp.51,338,645.00 and Rp.28,749,170.00/ha/season respectively. The results of t-test showed that in Pangalengan, the use of certified seeds was significantlydifferent in term of production cost and revenue, while in Batur, there were a significant different on the revenue andbenefit between the use of certified and uncertified seeds.
Respons Tanaman Bawang Merah terhadap Pemupukan Fosfat pada Beberapa Tingkat Kesuburan Lahan (Status P-Tanah) Sumarni, N; Rosliani, R; Basuki, R S; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman akan unsur hara dan kandungan hara dalam tanah, agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan dosis optimal pupuk P pada dua varietas bawang merah pada beberapa tingkat kesuburan tanah (status P-tanah). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah split-split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah varietas bawang merah, terdiri atas varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah kandungan/status P-tanah (Bray 1), terdiri atas rendah (<15 ppm P2O5), sedang (16–25 ppm P2O5), dan tinggi (>26 ppm P2O5). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk P (P2O5), terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha. Pupuk N dan K diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar dengan dosis N 150 kg/ha dan K2O 150 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status P-tanah, dan dosis pupuk P terhadap luas daun, bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman, serta serapan P tanaman bawang merah. Pada status P-tanah rendah dan sedang, dosis optimal pupuk P untuk varietas Bangkok dan Kuning masih belum diketahui, karena kurva respons hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip masih linier. Pada status P-tanah tinggi, hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip varietas Bangkok ataupun Kuning bersifat kuadratik. Hasil umbi kering eskip maksimal diperoleh dengan dosis pupuk P sebesar 126,50 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Bangkok dan 0 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Kuning. Makin tinggi dosis pupuk P yang diberikan, maka makin tinggi pula residu pupuk P terdeteksi dalam tanah. Implikasi hasil penelitian ialah kebutuhan  pupuk P yang optimal pada bawang merah berbeda bergantung pada status P-tanah dan varietas yang digunakan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS,  and Hilman, Y 2012. Response of Shallots Plant to Phosphat Fertilization on Several Soil Fertility Levels (Soil-P Status). To achieve an optimum yield, fertilization should be applied based on plant nutrient requirement and soil nutrient content. This experiment was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from May to December 2008, to find out the optimum dosage of P fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility levels (soil-P status). A split-split plot design with three replications was set up for this experiment. Main plots were shallots varieties i.e.: Bangkok and Kuning. Subplots were three soil-P statuses i.e.: low (<15 ppm P2O5), medium (16–25 ppm P2O5), and high (>26 ppm P2O5). Sub-subplots were five levels of P fertilizer dosage of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha P2O5. Nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and K fertilizer (K2O) of 150 kg/ha were applied to all. The results showed that there were interaction effect among varieties, soil-P status, and P fertilizer dosages influencing leaf area, fresh, and dry weight of bulb yield, and P uptake by shallots plant. The optimal dosage of P fertilizer for Bangkok and Kuning varieties on low and medium of soil-P status was still unknown yet, since the relation response curve of relationship between P fertilizer dosages and dry bulb yield was still linear. Meanwhile, in high of soil-P status, the response curve was quadratic for both Bangkok and Kuning varieties. The maximum dry bulb yield was obtained by 126.50 kg/ha P2O5 for Bangkok and 0 kg/ha P2O5 for Kuning. The higher of P fertilizer dosage applied, the higher of residual of P fertilizer detected in soil. The optimum dosage of P fertilizer for shallots production was different depend on variety and soil-P status.
Studi Bedengan Kompos Permanen pada Budidaya Mentimun di Lahan Kering Sumarni, Nani; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Ketersediaan hara dan air yang terbatas merupakan kendala dalam budidaya mentimun di lahan kering. Salah satu upaya mengatasinya adalah dengan penggunaan bedengan kompos permanen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Samarang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat, dari bulan Oktober 2002 - April 2003 dengan tujuan mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan bedengan kompos permanen terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil mentimun di lahan kering. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 6 ulangan dan 4 perlakuan bedengan kompos permanen dengan formula limbah organik yang berbeda. Mentimun ditanam 1 bulan setelah pembentukan bedengan kompos permanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bedengan kompos permanen tanpa NPK tidak cocok untuk penanaman mentimun. Penggunaan bedengan tanah dengan diberi pupuk kandang + pupuk NPK (cara konvensional) masih merupakan cara terbaik untuk budidaya mentimun di lahan kering. Cara tersebut menghasilkan bobot buah tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 15,485 t/ha (efisiensi lahan 80%). Penggunaan bedengan kompos permanen dapat diterapkan oleh petani terutama pada daerah di mana ketersediaan air dan pupuk kandang terbatas.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N. and Y. Hilman. 2008. Permanent Composting Bed for Cucumber Cultivations on Dryland.The problem of cucumber cultivation in dryland is the lack of water and nutrient availability. One of the efforts to overcome this problem was the utilization of permanent composting bed. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of the use of permanent composting bed on the growth and yield of cucumber in dryland. A randomized block design with 6 replications and 4 treatments of permanent composting beds with different organic waste was used. Cucumber plants were planted at 1 month after composting process took place. Results of the experiment indicated that the use of permanent composting bed without NPK was unsuitable for growing cucumber. The conventional cultivation using regular soil bed with stable manure and NPK fertilizer was still the best method, with highest yield of cucumber (15.485 t/ha with land efficiency of 80%). Vegetable cultivation on permanent composting bed was applicable in the areas with inadequate stable manure and water supply.
Pemanfaatan Mikoriza, Bahan Organik, dan Fosfat Alam terhadap Hasil, Serapan Hara Tanaman Mentimun, dan Sifat Kimia pada Tanah Masam Ultisol Rosliani, Rini; Hilman, Yusdar; Sumarni, Nani
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan petani di daerah Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Jenis tanah Ultisol dengankandungan P rendah dan karakteristik fisik yang buruk. Tujuan percobaan adalah mempelajari pengaruh inokulasicendawan mikoriza arbuskula, penyediaan bahan organik dari pupuk kandang domba, dan dosis fosfat alam terhadapserapan P oleh tanaman, hasil mentimun, dan kandungan hara tanah masam Ultisols. Penelitian dilaksanakan daribulan Juli sampai Oktober 2004. Perlakuan terdiri atas 3 dosis fosfat alam, pupuk kandang domba, dan inokulasimikoriza. Kombinasi perlakuan seluruhnya ada 12 dengan 3 ulangan yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompokfaktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang domba meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaanfosfat alam, bobot buah, dan serapan hara. Interaksi antara mikoriza dengan pupuk P dan bahan organik denganpupuk P berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan P. Tanpa pupuk kandang domba maupun tanpa mikoriza, dosis P yangdibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan buah mentimun adalah 200 kg P2O5 /ha, sedangkan dengan pupuk kandang dombamaupun dengan mikoriza dosis P yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan buah mentimun yang sama hanya 100 kgP2O5 /ha dan kombinasi perlakuan tersebut meningkatkan ketersediaan P tanah. Inokulasi mikoriza tanpa bahanorganik menurunkan pH tanah. Penggunaan fosfat alam pada dosis tinggi dengan adanya bahan organik meningkatkansenyawa Ca-P pada tanah Ultisols. Teknologi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini sangat berguna untuk pengembangantanaman sayuran pada tanah-tanah masam atau lahan marginal seperti Ultisols.ABSTRACT. Rosliani, R. , Y. Hilman, and N. Sumarni. 2009. The Effect of Rock Phosphate Fertilizer and SheepManure Application, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi Inoculation on the Growth and Yield of Cucumberin Ultisol Acid Soil. The experiment was conducted at the farmer field in Lebak District of Banten Province. Thesoil was Ultisols with low available P and poor physical property. The objectives of this experiment was to study theeffect of rock phosphate and sheep manure application, and arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi inoculation on the growth,P uptake, and yield of cucumber in acid soil. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of rock phosphate, 2 levels of sheepmanure, and 2 levels of mycorrhizae inoculation. All treatment combinations were arranged in factorial randomizedblock design with 3 replications. The results showed that sheep manure supply could increased the efficiency ofrock phosphate application, growth, yield of cucumber, and nutrient uptake. The effect of mycorrhizae inoculationwas more clear when accompanied by sheep manure supply. Interaction of sheep manure and rock phosphate ormycorrhizae inoculation and rock phosphate significantly increased P uptake. Without sheep manure supply andwithout mycorrhizae inoculation, 200 kg P2O5/ha of rock phosphate was needed compare with sheep manure supplyand mycorrhizae inoculation, which only required 100 kg P2O5/ha of rock phosphate to reach the same productivity ofcucumber fruit, and these treatment combination P availability were also increased. Mycorrhizae inoculation withoutsheep manure could decrease the soil pH. Rock phosphate at high dosage with sheep manure could increase Ca-Pon Ultisols acid soil. The results of the experiment could be benefit for the development of vegetables on acid soilsor marginal land such as Ultisols.
Status Hara Fosfat dan Kalium di Sentra Sayuran Dataran Rendah Hilman, Yusdar; Sutapradja, Holil; Rosliani, Rini; Suryono, Y
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Data dasar status hara khususnya P dan K di sentra produksi tanaman sayuran khususnya di dataran rendah lahan kering belum tersedia, sedangkan data tersebut sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar untuk menentukan rekomendasi penggunaan pupuk. Selama ini rekomendasi penggunaan pupuk diperoleh dari percobaan dosis pupuk dan bukan didasarkan pada analisis hara tanah yang bersangkutan dan respons tanaman terhadap penggunaan pupuk sehingga hasil yang diperoleh tidak komprehensif. Informasi status hara P dan K pada sayuran diperoleh dengan membuat peta sebaran status hara P dan K pada beberapa lokasi. Untuk tahap awal, data status hara P dan K tersebut dihimpun dalam peta semidetail dengan skala 1:100.000 di mana setiap cm2 unit peta mewakili areal seluas 25 ha dengan jarak observasi di lapangan setiap 500 m.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat dari bulan Juli sampai September 2003, menggunakan metode survei. Tujuan penelitian adalah (i) membuat peta status hara P dan K lahan dengan skala 1:100.000 dan (ii) menyediakan data sebaran status hara P dan K di sentra produksi sayuran dataran rendah sebagai informasi dasar dalam pembuatan rekomendasi pupuk P dan K. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan berdasarkan peta status hara P seluas 1.365,03 ha termasuk kategori sangat rendah, 3.395,37 ha rendah, 21.248,71 ha sedang, dan 13.978,87 ha tinggi, sedangkan peta status hara K adalah 6.337,79 ha termasuk kategori sangat rendah, 12.768,03 ha rendah, 17.243,78 ha sedang, dan 3.638,39 ha tinggi.ABSTRACT. Hilman, Y., H. Sutapradja, R. Rosliani, and Y. Suryono. 2008. The Status of Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient at Production Centre of Lowland Vegetables.Database of nutrient status of P and K in vegetable production area especially in dry lowland was not available yet, while these data was highly needed as a base for determining recommended dosage for fertilization. Until now, fertilization recommendation on vegetable was merely obtained from fertilizer dose experiment and did not rely on the soil nutrient status and crop response to fertilizer used, so that the results obtained from that experiment was not comprehensive. The study on the status of phosphorus and potassium nutrient in the lowland vegetables was conducted at Bogor, West Java from July to September 2003 using survey method. Information on the nutrient status of P and K in vegetable growing areas in this study can be obtained by making map of P and K distribution. For the first step, information of these P and K status was obtained from semi-detail map at the scale of 1:100.000 where each cm2 of map unit represented the area of 25 ha with the field observation distance of 500 m. The objective of this study was (i) to make the map of P and K nutrient status in lowland vegetable production areas at the scale of 1: 100.000 and (ii) to survey data of P and K nutrient status in lowland vegetable areas as database information in making recommendation of P and K fertilization.Results of mapping indicated that land area based on P nutritional status was categorized as follows:1,365.03 ha very low; 3,395.37 ha low; 21,248.71 ha moderate, and 13,978.87 ha high, while for K nutritional status of 6,337.79 ha very low; 12,768.03 ha low; 17,243.78 ha moderate; and 3,638.39 ha high.
Cara Aplikasi dan Takaran Pupuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Krisan Tedjasarwana, Rahayu; Nugroho, Evi Dwi; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DESEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Krisan merupakan salah satu tanaman hias penting dalam industri florikultura di Indonesia. Dalam budidayanya, pertumbuhan dan produktivitas krisan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemberian pupuk yang sesuai dan optimal. Pupuk N, P, dan K sering diaplikasikan tanpa memperhatikan cara aplikasi dan takaran yang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara aplikasi dan takaran pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bunga krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaaan  Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung 1.100 m dpl. dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara. Pupuk yang digunakan yaitu Urea, KNO3, dan SP-36. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah cara aplikasi pupuk butiran dan fertigasi. Sebagai anak petak ialah takaran pupuk, yaitu tanpa pupuk, ½ takaran anjuran, 1 takaran anjuran, dan 1½ takaran anjuran. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk dengan cara ditabur dan fertigasi memberikan pengaruh yang sama, sedangkan takaran pupuk 1½ takaran anjuran menunjukkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan jumlah bunga lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya (diameter batang terbesar 5,90 mm, panjang daun 8,41 cm, jumlah daun/tanaman tertinggi 37,5 helai, dan 10,5 kuntum/tanaman). Chrysanthemum is one of important ornamental crops on the floriculture industry in Indonesia. In Chrysanthemum cultivation, growth and productivity of it are significantly affected by application of appropriate fertilizer in optimal dosage. N, P, and K fertilizer were frequently applied without taking into consideration on its application method and appropriate dosage. The objective of this study was to determine effect of application method and dosage of fertilizer on plant growth and production of Chrysanthemum. The experiment was carried out at Segunung Field Experiment Station of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute 1,100 m asl. from January to December 2007. The material used in the experiment was Puspita Nusantara varieties. The fertilizer utilized in the study were Urea, KNO3, and SP-36. The treatments were arranged in split plot design with three replications. The main plot was application method of fertilizer i.e. spreading and fertigation. The subplot was without fertilizer, ½ recommended suggestion dosage, 1 recommended suggestion dosage, and 1½ recommended suggestion dosage. Results showed that application of fertilizer both spreading and fertigation gave the same effect on growth and production of Chrysanthemum. Fertilizer dosage at 1½ recommended suggestion gave higher effect on vegetative plant growth and number of flower than those others (highest stem diameter 5.90 mm, highest leaf length 8.41 cm, highest leaf number/plant 37.5 leaves, and 10.5 flowers/plant).
Co-Authors - Martias - Noflindawati - Suwandi A Boy Aditia Marendra K., Aditia Marendra Ahsol Hasyim Anuar Abdul Rahim Apri L. Sayekti, Apri L. Azizah Hashim ER Palupi Evi Dwi Nugroho F Nasution H K Ridwan Holil Sutapradja Justina Sri Adiningsih M. Jawal Anwarudin S., M. Jawal Anwarudin Mohamed Hanafi Musa Muhammad Fuadi N Sumarni Nani Sumarni Nurmalinda Nurmalinda R Rosliani R S Basuki Rahayu Tedjasarwana Rini Rosliani Sabari Sabari Tri Budiyanti Y Suryono