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Article review: Comparison of octane booster additive for gasoline Gustiana Awaludin Sobarsah; Nuryoto Nuryoto; Jayanudin Jayanudin
Jurnal Teknika Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Available Online in November 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v17i2.11989

Abstract

Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid that is most typically used in internal combustion engines, especially those utilizing spark ignition. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon blend that contains sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and other metals. Olefins, aromatics, paraffin, and naphthenes are the four main components of gasoline. An octane number is a unit of measurement for the ignition quality or flammability of gasoline. It is frequently referred to as the research octane number (RON), and it is calculated using a ratio of isooctane to n-heptane. The octane number can be decreased by lengthening the hydrocarbon molecule chain and increasing by branching the carbon chain. Another method is to use an octane number increaser for gasoline as an addition. These are classified as oxygenate, ether, antiknock agent, nanoparticles, and aromatic compounds. Numerous studies have been conducted to establish the influence of additives in gasoline on engine performance metrics such as braking power, thermal brake efficiency, volumetric efficiency, fuel consumption efficiency, and their impact on the environment. This review article aims to assess and compare the effects of various gasoline additives on the performance and emission characteristics of ignition engines. Bensin adalah cairan yang berasal dari minyak bumi yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai bahan bakar di mesin pembakaran internal, khususnya mesin menggunakan percikan pengapian. Bensin adalah campuran hidrokarbon dengan beberapa kontaminan, termasuk belerang, nitrogen, oksigen, dan logam tertentu. Empat kelompok penyusun utama bensin adalah olefin, aromatik, parafin, dan naften. Angka oktan adalah ukuran kualitas pengapian atau mudah terbakarnya bensin, biasa disebut Research Octane Number (RON) yang dapat diukur menggunakan perbandingan antara campuran isooktana dengan n-heptana. Angka oktan dapat berkurang dengan bertambahnya panjang rantai dalam molekul hidrokarbon sedangkan angka oktan dapat meningkat dengan membuat percabangan rantai karbonnya. Cara lain untuk meningkatkan angka oktan adalah ditambakan  peningkat angka oktan bensin sebagai aditif, yang terbagi pada kategori oxygenat, eter, agen antiknock, nano partikel dan senyawa aromatik. Banyak penelitian tentang penggunaan aditif dalam bensin untuk menentukan pengaruhnya terhadap ukuran kinerja mesin seperti daya pengereman, efisiensi rem termal, efisiensi volumetrik, efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar, dan efeknya terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan dari artikel review ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi serta membandingkan berbagai aditif pada bensin dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja dan karakteristik emisi mesin pengapian.
Pengaruh Penambahan Kamper sebagai Aditif terhadap Karakteristik dan Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Berbahan Bakar Bensin Nuryoto; Sobarsah, G. Awaludin; Rahmayetty, Rahmayetty; Jayanudin
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jtl.2024.1055

Abstract

Abstract The automotive industry, synonymous with motorized vehicles, has experienced rapid development, and every motorized vehicle requires fuel as its power source. To ensure optimal engine performance, some individuals add additives to fuel using camphor. Research on camphor as a fuel additive is not new, as it has been studied by several researchers before, although with the use of premium gasoline in previous studies. In this study, we observed a different type of fuel, namely "pertalite," and conducted tests to assess camphor's solubility in pertalite, variations in octane number, and their impact on exhaust gas emissions. Therefore, the study aimed to understand the effects of camphor addition on the increase in octane number, changes in fuel characteristics, camphor dissolution time, and emissions from exhaust gas. The study involved varying camphor additions from 1 to 8% in pertalite fuel. The results of the study indicate that the use of camphor as a fuel additive in pertalite fuel does not have a negative impact on the environment in terms of exhaust gas emissions. However, it is not fuel-efficient due to the minimal increase in octane number, only rising from 90 to 90.4 (with an 8% camphor addition). Furthermore, it causes fluctuations in vapor pressure, ranging from 45 to 58.8 kPa, which can affect the combustion process in the chamber. On the other hand, the dissolution time of camphor is relatively long, requiring 5–26 minutes for concentrations of 1–8%, making it inefficient. The study results are expected to provide initial insights for developing other additives, such as alcohol, which is a renewable and safe chemical.   Abstrak Industri otomotif yang identik dengan kendaraan bermotor mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, dan setiap kendaraan bermotor membutuhkan bahan bakar sebagai pengeraknya. Agar performa mesin tetap terjaga baik, ada sebagian masyarakat menambahkan aditif ke dalam bahan bakar menggunakan kamper. Penelitian terkait kamper sebagai aditif bahan bakar bukanlah hal baru, karena telah dilakukan riset oleh beberapa peneliti sebelumnya, tetapi menggunakan bahan bakar jenis premium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan menggunakan bahan bakar yang berbeda yaitu jenis pertalite, serta melakukan pengujian kelarutan kamper ke dalam pertalite, perubahan karakteristik, bilangan oktana, serta pengaruhnya terhadap emisi gas buang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menguji dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kamper terhadap peningkatan bilangan oktana, perubahan karakteristik bahan bakar jenis pertalite, waktu pelarutan kamper, dan emisi pada gas buang. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan penambahan kamper sebesar 1–8% pada bahan bakar pertalite. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan aditif berupa kamper pada bahan bakar pertalite tidak memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan terkait emisi gas buang, tetapi tidak ekonomis karena peningkatan bilangan oktana yang dihasilkan sangat kecil yaitu hanya meningkat dari 90 menjadi 90,4 (pada penambahan kamper sebanyak 8%). Selain itu berakibat fluaktiatif terhadap tekanan uap yaitu dari 45 menjadi 58,8 kPa, selanjutnya turun lagi dibawah 58,8 kPa, yang mana akan mempengaruhi proses pembakaran pada ruang bakar. Pada sisi yang lain, waktu pelarutan kamper tergolong lama karena membutuhkan waktu 5–26 menit untuk kadar 1–8%, sehingga menjadi tidak efisien. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi awal untuk pengembangan aditif yang lain seperti alkohol yang merupakan bahan kimia yang dapat diperbarui dan aman.
EVALUATION GUIDANCE OF LIQUID WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEM IN ELECTROPLATING UMKM CV. XYZ Sobarsah, G. Awaludin; Ananda, Lintang Rizkyta; Rafiani, Alissya; Ulsak, Mohammad Ghimnastiar; Mukti, Rendi
International Journal of Engagement and Empowerment (IJE2) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Engagement and Empowerment
Publisher : Yayasan Education and Social Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53067/ije2.v5i1.207

Abstract

Development in the industrial sector on the one hand will produce goods and services that are beneficial for the welfare of the people, and on the other hand, industrial activities will produce waste. The problem of industrial waste is increasingly worrying, especially the waste produced generally contains toxic and hazardous chemicals. One of them is waste containing heavy metals. This community research aims to assist in the evaluation of the electroplating liquid waste processing process at UMKM CV. XYZ with parameters of Cr, Zn, Cd, CN-, total suspended solids (TSS) and acidity values ​​(pH). The method used is to apply SK. MENLH. No. KEP-51 / MENLH / 10/1995, if the waste is directly disposed of into the environment it will cause pollution to other living things. Therefore, the process of reducing the concentration of metals is carried out by neutralization and coagulation, so that the metals that are discharged are in accordance with the quality standard. The results of the application concluded that the inlet concentration of chromium metal was 0.48 µg/L, zinc 1.83 mg/L, cyanide compound 0.02 mg/L, total suspended solids (TSS) 195.3 and the degree of acidity (pH) 10.6 and decreased to chromium metal 0.19 µg/L, zinc 1.48 mg/L, cyanide compound 0.0043 mg/L, total suspended solids (TSS) 52.6 and the degree of acidity (pH) 9 at the outlet that is discharged into the environment. So that the efficiency level of each parameter is obtained: TSS 73.11%, pH 12.36%, chromium metal 43.75%, zinc 19.13% and cyanide compound 78.5%.