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Pengaruh perbedaan jumlah penambahan binder uretan dan berbagai motif embossing terhadap kualitas kulit reject Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Prayitno Prayitno; Bidhari Pidhatika; Gresy Griyanitasari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Rejected tanned leather is tanned lether product with damages of more than 30% of its total surface area, but can be improved by embossing. Embossing is the provision of patterns that influences the properties of articles and contributes to the closure of the defects on the surface of leather. This study aims to determine the influence of urethane binder and embossing motives to the quality of rejected leather for shoe upper applications. Variables investigated were urethane binder composition (100, 150, and 200 part in 1000 part of base coat) and embossing motives (crocodile, ostrich, shark fish, and milled motive). The quality of the leather was then tested in terms of organoleptic properties (feel, flexibility, visual appearance), mechanical properties (tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, rub fastness (dry, wet), adhesive strength of cover paint (dry, wet), and flexing resistance), physical properties (WVP and WVA), as well as morphology (SEM). The results showed that the addition of urethane binder and embossing patterns affect the quality of shoe upper leather, i.e. in general covering the leather defects and increasing the visual appearance (organoleptic properties), and changing the collagen network structure (based on SEM test). Visually preferred skin is skin with the addition of 200 parts of the urethane binder and crocodile patterned leather.

The effects of finish type on permeability and organoleptic properties of python (Python reticulatus) skin finished leather Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Rihastiwi Setiya Murti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

In the leather industry, there are many different types of finish, i.e. two-tone, transparent, semi aniline and opaque/solid color. The composition formulation of each finish type is different so each will impact not only on the performance but also on the properties of the finished leather. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of finish type (natural, aniline, semi-aniline, and two-tone) on permeability and organoleptic properties of python skin finished leather. This research focused on the finishing process with various finish types. The results showed that the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on water vapor permeability reduction is the highest when compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. Otherwise, the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on organoleptic properties is the lowest compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. The aniline I finish type has better organoleptic properties.Keywords: finish type, natural, aniline, semi-aniline, two-tone, python skin.

Karakterisasi kulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal) sebagai bahan penyamak nabati Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 2 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v30i2.128

Tingi (Ceriops tagal) bark was highly potential as tanning materials due to high tannin concentration. The aim of the study was to determine the characterization of properties of tanning material made from tingi bark, including the tannin levels, the non-tannin levels, the tannin type, the absorption level of the solution and the FTIR spectrum analysis. The method used in this research was countercurrent system in the extraction process, feed solution preparation process, the thickening process, powder formation process conducted with the aid of Rotavapor- 151 Standard, and testing. The results showed that the tingi bark contains tannin level 70.91% and non-tannin levels 10.63%. Tannins from tingi bark were classified as procyanidin condensed tannins type and the absorption values obtained maximum value at wavelength 490 nm. The FTIR spectral data indicated that tingi tannins contained hydroxyl group (ⱱ O-H; ⱱ N-H) in the area (3467.418-3057.025) cm-1, aromatic group (ⱱ C-H) in the area of 2875,733 cm-1, ⱱ C=O (ester group in tanned material) in the area (1747.442-1612.422) cm-1, ⱱ-OH; R-COO-in the area of 1444.626 cm-1 and ⱱ(SO4)2 -; R-SO3; R-SO3H in the area (1112.823-1062.729) cm-1. Keywords: FTIR spectrum, procyanidin, tingi bark, tannin, solution absorption ABSTRAKKulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal) berpotensi sebagai bahan penyamak nabati mengingat kandungan tanin yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui karakterisasi bahan penyamak tingi terhadap kadar tanin, kadar non tanin, tipe tanin, absorpsi larutan tingi dan spektrum FTIR. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi pembuatan ekstrak larutan dengan sistem counter current, preparasi larutan umpan, pemekatan, pembentukan serbuk menggunakan Rotavapor-151 Standard, dan pengujian. Hasil karakterisasi kulit kayu tingi menunjukkan kandungan tanin 70,91% dan kadar non tanin 10,63%. Tanin tingi termasuk golongan condensed tannin tipe procyanidin dan absorpsi larutan tingi didapatkan panjang gelombang maksimum 490 nm. Data spektrum FTIR tanin tingi menunjukkan adanya gugus hydroksil (ⱱO-H; ⱱN-H) pada area (3467,418-3057,025) cm-1, gugus aromatik (ⱱC-H) pada area 2875,733 cm-1, ⱱC=O (ester group in tanned material) pada area (1747,442-1612,422) cm-1, ⱱ-OH; R-COO- pada area 1444,626 cm-1 dan ⱱ(SO4)2-; R-SO3; R-SO3H pada area (1112,823-1062,729) cm-1.Kata kunci: spektrum FTIR, procyanidin, kulit kayu tingi, tanin, absorpsi larutan.

Pemanfaatan tanin dari kulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal) sebagai bahan penyamak nabati: pengaruh penambahan alum dan mimosa Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Sri Sutyasmi; Titik Purwati Widowati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 1 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v31i1.175

This research aimed at determining the effectiveness of the Tingi bark’s extract as vegetable tanning material and the optimum formulations of Tingi extract for lining leather tanning, when combined with alum and mimosa. The research variables included the solution compositions of alum, Tingi extract, and mimosa, as well as the process sequences in which the hides were exposed to each aforementioned solution. There were 8 (eight) different treatments performed in this research; those are alum (4%)-Tingi, alum (6%)-Tingi, alum (4%)-Tingi-mimosa (5%), alum (6%)-Tingi-mimosa (5%), Tingi-alum (4%),Tingi-alum (6%), Tingi-mimosa (5%)-alum (4%), and Tingi-mimosa (5%)-alum (6%). Characterization methods included chemical and physical tests. The results show that the Tingi extract can be used as vegetable tanning material, and the optimum properties were obtained when the alum (4%) was added after the Tingi extract {Tingi-alum (4%)}.The optimum properties were shrinkage temperature of 86 oC; total ash content of 0.73%; water soluble matter of 0.89%; pH of 3.78; degree of tannage of 96.37%; tensile strength of 370.65 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 36.52%; rubfastness of 5 (dry); and 4 (wet). The resulting leather also meet the requirements of Ethiopian Standard 1185:2005, Leather-Lining leather-Specification. Keywords: Tingi bark’s extract, alum, mimosa, vegetable tanning, lining leather.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak kulit kayu Tingi sebagai bahan penyamak nabati dan formulasi ekstrak Tingi yang optimal pada penyamakan kulit lapis, ketika dikombinasikan dengan alum dan mimosa. Variabel penelitian meliputi komposisi larutan alum, ekstrak Tingi, dan mimosa, serta urutan proses di mana kulit diekspos ke masing-masing larutan tersebut di atas. Terdapat 8 (delapan) perlakuan berbeda dalam penelitian ini, yaitu alum (4%)-Tingi, alum (6%)-Tingi, alum (4%)-Tingi-mimosa (5%), alum (6%)-Tingi-mimosa(5%), Tingi-alum (4%), Tingi-alum (6%), Tingi-mimosa (5%)-alum (4%), and Tingi-mimosa-alum (6%). Metode karakterisasi meliputi pengujian kimia dan fisika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Tingi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati, dan sifat-sifat optimum diperoleh ketika penambahan alum (4%) dilakukan setelah penambahan ekstrak Tingi {Tingi-alum (4%)}. Sifat-sifat optimum tersebut adalah: suhu kerut 86oC; kadar abu jumlah 0,73%; kadar zat larut dalam air 0,89%; pH 3,78; derajat penyamakan 96,37%; penyamakan masak; kekuatan tarik 370,65 kg/cm2; kemuluran 36,52 %; ketahanan gosok cat nilai 5 (kering) dan 4 (basah). Kulit yang dihasilkan juga memenuhi persyaratan Ethiopian Standard 1185: 2005, Leather–Lining leather-Specification. Kata kunci : kulit kayu Tingi, alum, mimosa, bahan penyamak nabati, kulit lapis.

Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator) Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Sri Sutyasmi; Rihastiwi Setiya Murti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 2 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v31i2.505

Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin is exotic leather because it has a unique grain. Therefore, the original grain of the animal needs to be maintained in the finishing process so that its performances look likes natural. This research aimed to study the effect of tanning materials (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) on morphology, organoleptic and mechanical properties of lizard skin. The materials used in this study were dry preserved lizard skins. The research varied on the types of tanning (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) each by varying the finishing materials (casein and protein binders). The tests were conducted on the observation of the structure using photomicrographs, rub fastness, adhesion of finish strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and organoleptic. The results showed that the best result was vegetable tanned lizard skin using natural finish with casein and met the requirements of SNI 06-4362-1996, lizard skin for shoe upper. This gave dry and wet rub fastness of 5 and 5 respectively; dry and wet adhesion of finish strength of 650 and 100 g/cm respectively; tensile strength of 207.43 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 37.52% and organoleptic value of panelists observations of 87.9 (good).Keywords: Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin, tanning, finish type, morphology, organoleptic and mechanical propertiesABSTRAKKulit biawak (Varanus salvator) merupakan kulit exotic karena memiliki rajah yang unik, oleh karena itu dalam proses finishingnya rajah asli dari binatang tersebut perlu dipertahankan agar tampak alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan penyamak (nabati dan krom) dan tipe finish (natural, anilin, semi anilin, dan two tone) terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit biawak awet kering dan variasi yang dilakukan meliputi variasi jenis penyamakan (nabati dan krom) dan tipe finish (natural, anilin, semi anilin, dan two tone) dengan penggunaan bahan finishing yang bervariasi (kasein dan binder protein). Uji yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan struktur menggunakan fotomikrograf, uji ketahanan gosok cat, kekuatan rekat cat tutup, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, dan organoleptis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang terbaik adalah kulit biawak yang disamak nabati menggunakan tipe finish natural dengan kasein dan memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4362-1996, Kulit biawak untuk atasan sepatu, dengan nilai ketahanan gosok cat kering dan basah berturut-turut 5 dan 5; kekuatan rekat cat tutup kering dan basah berturut-turut 650 dan 100 g/cm; kekuatan tarik 207,43 kg/cm2; kemuluran 37,52%; dan nilai organoleptis hasil pengamatan panelis 87,9 (baik).Kata kunci: kulit biawak (Varanus salvator), penyamakan, tipe finish, morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis.

Optimasi proses finishing kulit ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) untuk bagian atas sepatu Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 2 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aims of this study was to get the optimum finishing formulations of tilapia fish skin for shoe upper. The variations of experiment were four factors, namely of the variation of binders (1:2 and 1:3), lacquer water (1:1 and 1:2), plating temperatures (50, 65, 80 and 95°C) and plating time (0.5, 1, and 1.5 seconds). Testing was conducted on tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, stitch strength, softness, and colour fastness. Statistical analysis was conducted using the General Linear Model (GLM) followed by Tukey’s Studentized Range Test (TSRT). The results showed that the optimum formula for finishing were performed by a variation of binder 1:2, lacquer water 1:2, temperature of plating 95°C and time of plating 1.5 seconds, and it was characterized by the physical properties of tensile strength 177.32 kg/cm2, elongation at break 62%, tear strength 41.92 kg/cm, stitch strength 113.06 kg/cm, softness 2.33 and generally met the standard requirements of SNI 0253:2009: Footwear upper leather - goat skin.Keywords: tilapia fish skin, aqueous top coat, leather finishing.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi optimum untuk finishing kulit ikan nila sebagai bagian atas sepatu. Variasi perlakuan dalam percobaan terdiri atas empat faktor yaitu variasi binder (1:2 dan 1:3), lak air (1:1 dan 1:2), suhu plating (50, 65, 80, dan 95oC), dan waktu plating (0,5; 1; dan 1,5 detik). Parameter mutu sampel meliputi uji kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, kekuatan jahit, kelemasan, dan ketahanan gosok cat. Analisis statistik menggunakan General Linier Model (GLM) dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey’s Studentized Range Test (TSRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum untuk finishing diperoleh dari perlakuan penggunaan binder 1: 2, lak air 1: 2, suhu plating 95oC dan waktu plating 1,5 detik. Bagian atas sepatu tersebut memiliki kekuatan tarik 177,32 kg/cm2, kemuluran 62%, kekuatan sobek 41,92 kg/cm, kekuatan jahit 113,06 kg/cm, kelemasan 2,33 dan secara umum parameter mutu bagian atas sepatu kulit ikan nila memenuhi persyaratan SNI 0253:2009 Kulit bagian atas alas kaki - kulit kambing.Kata kunci: kulit ikan nila, aqueous top coat, finishing kulit.

Aplikasi minyak sulfat dari minyak kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis JACQ) sebagai fatliquoring Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Rihastiwi Setiya Murti; Tiyastiti Suraya; Sugihartono Sugihartono
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 35, No 2 (2019): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v35i2.5632

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah H2SO4 dan waktu sulfatasi terhadap kualitas kulit tersamak. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah minyak kelapa sawit curah (tidak bermerek) dan bahan lain seperti H2SO4, NaCl, dan NaOH. Variabel yang diamati meliputi variasi jumlah H2SO4 dan waktu sulfatasi pada pembuatan minyak sulfat. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan dan kulit jadi hasil aplikasi minyak sulfat pada kulit. Pengujian minyak sulfat meliputi uji kimia: kadar air, pH, kadar minyak, total alkalinitas, angka penyabunan, kadar abu, angka Iodine dan kadar SO3 terikat. Pengujian kulit meliputi pengamatan kulit hasil aplikasi minyak secara visual, uji fisis dan kimia (meliputi ketebalan, kekuatan sobek, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, dan kadar minyak) dan uji SEM-EDX. Semua minyak sulfat hasil penelitian dapat diaplikasikan pada kulit dengan jumlah minyak 8% dan tidak timbul bercak-bercak lemak (fatty spew) pada permukaan kulit. Minyak sulfat yang optimal adalah minyak sulfat dengan jumlah H2SO4 sebesar 12,5% dan waktu sulfatasi 4 jam. Secara kimia minyak sulfat (12,5 – 4) memenuhi persyaratan IS: 6357-1971, spesifikasi minyak sulfat untuk kulit dengan nilai kadar air 5,16%; kadar abu 2,17%; total alkalinitas 0,79%; kadar lemak 88,42 %; pH 6,60; kadar SO3 terikat 6,49%. Jumlah H2SO4 (10 dan 12,5%) dan waktu sulfatasi (0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 jam) berpengaruh terhadap kualitas kulit tersamak. Aplikasi 8% minyak sulfat (12,5 – 4) pada kulit merupakan perlakuan yang optimal dan memenuhi persyaratan SNI 0253:2009 Kulit bagian atas alas kaki – kulit kambing (BSN, 2009). Kualitas kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan yaitu dengan nilai kekuatan sobek 15,60 N/cm ; kekuatan tarik 16,77 N/mm2; kemuluran 48,36% dan kadar minyak 7,57% dan secara visual kulit hasil aplikasi minyak sulfat (12,5 – 4) tidak nampak adanya fatty spew.

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