Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Pembuatan vulkanisat ban dalam dengan bahan pengisi arang aktif kayu bangkirai Herminiwati Herminiwati; Purnama Darmadji; Supranto Supranto
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this research was to study the preparation of vulcanized rubber inner tube for motorcycles. Activated carbon of bangkirai wood and carbon black N330 were utilized as filler either separately formulated or combination. The ratio of activated carbon and carbon black were 25/ 0; 18/75/6,25; 12,5/12,5; 6,25/18,75 and 0,25 respectively. In wood processing, only about 60% of wood is converted to end product, with some of 30% of the rest is converted to organic solid waste. This organic solid waste needs to be handled or converted to some more usefull product such as carbon rubber filler. The filler was prepared by carbonization process at temperature 4500C for one hour and activation process with NaCl 4 % for twenty four hours, followed by pyrolysis at temperature 5000C for one hour. Filler were milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The vulcanized rubber inner tube was tested for its physical properties according to SNI 06-1542-1984. The research showed that a filler combination of activated carbon of bangkirai wood and carbon black in comparison of 6,25/18,75 could meet the requirements of SNI 06-1542-1984 in tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% modulus, hardness, density, and 200% permanent set. Keywords : filler, activated carbon, bangkirai wood, inner tube.

Komposit dari sampah plastik fleksibel dan serbuk gergaji Dwi Wahini Nurhajati; Arum Yuniari; Herminiwati Herminiwati; Sri Brataningsih Puji Lestari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

A composite made from the flexsible plastic waste and saw dust was studied. The objectives of this research was to find the optimum ratio of the flexible plastic waste and saw dust in its application on a floor tile. The investigated ratio of flexible plastic waste / saw dust were 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; and 50/50 respectively. The composites were prepared on a rheocord-90 machine at 600C for 10 minutes. The composites were tested for their physical properties I, e flexibility, dimensional stability, curling, volatility, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness. The physical properties testing result show that a composite by using the flexible plastic waste and saw dust in comparation of 90/10 could meet the requirements of SNI 03/4060/1996 for Vinyl Floor. The increasing saw dust content in composites decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, flexibility, and hardness, but increased dimensional stability, and volatility. Tensile strength of all composites was higher than particle board. Keywords : composites, flexible plastic waste, saw dust, floor tile.

Sifat filler kayu keruing terhadap vulkanisat karet Herminiwati Herminiwati; Nursamsi Sarengat; Purnama Darmadji; Widya Meidrianto
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 15, No 2 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The purpose of this research was to investigate the properties of keruing wood filler in their application on vulacanized rubber of shoes soles. To know its suitability for rubber goods filler, the properties of keruing wood filler was investigated by comparing with carbon black N330. Keruing wood filler were made by carbonization process at temperature 450oC for one hour and activation process with NaCl 4% for twenty four hours, followed by pyrolisis at temperature 500oC for one hour. Filler were milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The standard compound formula was prepared base on ASTM D 3192 with various filler level of keruing wood filler, carbon black N330 either separately formulated of combination. The research showed that using keruing wood filler in the amount of 30-70 phr could meet 75% the requirements of SNI. 12-0172-1987 : Canvas shoes for general purpose, where as carbon black N330 in the amount of 30-70 phr could meet 87,5% the requirements of SNI. 12-0172-1987. Combination of keruing wood filler and carbon black showed that keruing wood filler could substitute 25-57 phr of carbon black. INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat filler kayu keruing dalam aplikasinya pada vulkanisat karet sol sepatu. Untuk mengetahui kesesuaiannya sebagai filler barang karet, maka filler kayu keruing diteliti sifat-sifatnya dengan pembanding carbon black N330. Filler kayu keruing dibuat melalui proses karbonisasi pada suhu 450oC selama 1 jam dan proses aktivasi dengan NaCl 4% selama 24 jam diikuti dengan pirolisis pada suhu 500oC selama 1 jam. Filler digiling dan diayak dengan ayakan 400 mesh. Formula standar kompon dibuat berdasar ASTM D 3192 dalam berbagai variasi kadar filler kayu keruing dan carbon black N330 secara sendiri maupun kombinasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan filler kayu keruing sebesar 30 sampai dengan 70 phr dapat memenuhi 75% persyaratan SNI.12-0172-1987 : Sepatu Kanvas untuk Umum, sedangkan penggunaan carbon black N330 sebesar 30 sampai dengan 70 phr dapat memenuhi 87,5% persyaratan SNI 12-0172-1987. Kombinasinya dengan carbon black menunjukkan bahwa filler kayu keruing dapat mensubstitusi carbon black antara 25 sampai dengan 57 phr.

Pemanfaatan zeolit sebagai bahan pengisi dalam pembuatan karet sponge untuk tatakan sepatu Herminiwati Herminiwati; Murwati Murwati; Sri Brataningsih Puji Lestari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 23, No 1 (2007): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of zeolite as filler in the preparation of sponge rubber for shoe insocks. During wearing period of shoes, unpleasant odor often smell for the result of sweat accumulation and their decomposition by microorganism. Besides as rubber filler, zeolit has odor adsorption function. The formula of rbber sponge could be as the following : crepe rubber 100 phr, paraffinic oil 20 phr, ZnO 10 phr, stearic acid 5 phr, MBTS 1 phr, TMTD 0.25 phr, anti-oxidant 1 phr and sulphur 2 phr. To obtain the best sponge rubber formula, some experiment was done by formulating variation of zeolite and blowing agent AZDM in the amount of 25, 50, 75 phr and 5, 10, 15 phr respectively. The vulcanization process was carried-out at temperature 140oC for minutes by compression moulding. The research showed that the best formula with high odor absorption was consist of zeolite 50 phr and blowing agent AZDM 5 phr. The sponge rubber had odor adsorption 93,47%, and the physical properties were as follow: tensile strength 2.018 N/mm2, elongation at break 251%, tear strength 1.029 N/mm2, density 0.717 g/cm3, and compression set 36.38%. Odor absorption was tested by using gas chromatography. Key words : zeolite,filler, sponge, rubber, shoe insocks. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunana zeolit sebagai bahan pengisi dalam pembuatan karet sponge untuk tatakan sepatu. Pada pemakaian sepatu seringkali timbul bau tak sedap karena akumulasi keringat dan perurainnya oleh mikroorganisme. Zeolit selain sebagai bahan pengisi karet juga berfungsi sebagai peneyrap bau. Formula karet sponge terdiri atas karet krep 100 phr, minyak parafinik 20 phr, ZnO 10 phr, asam stearat 5 phr, MBTS 1 phr, TMTD 0,25 phr, anti oksidan 1 phr, belerang 2 phr. Untuk mendapatkan formula karet sponge terbaik maka peneltiian dilakukan dengan variasi bahan pengisi zeolit sebesar 25,50, 75 phr dan bahan pengembang AZDM sebesar 5, 10, 15 phr. Vulkanisasi dilakukan pada suhu 140 oC selama 10 menit dengan proses cetak tekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula terbaik dengan daya serap bau tinggi terdiri atas zeolit 50 phr dan bahan pengembang 5 phr. Karet sponge mempunyai daya serap bau 93,47% dan sifat fisis sebagai berikut: tegangan putus 2,018 N/mm2, perpanjangan putus 521%, ketahanan sobek 1,029 N/mm2, bobot jenis 0,717 g/cm3, pampat tetap 36,38%. Daya serap bau diuji menggunakan gas kromatografi. Kata kunci : zeolit, bahan pngisi, karet sponge, tatakan sepatu

Pembuatan karet riklim dari ban bekas dengan microwave ditinjau dari karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon Rumpoko Wicaksono; Sutardi Sutardi; Herminiwati Herminiwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The research is aimed to study the effect of heat of microwave in the preparation of reclaimed rubber from used tire and the application of rubber compound observed from the characteristics of its vulcanization. Reclaimed rubber is found from used tire treads that ground and shifted using 10 mesh of shifter. Devulcanization was carried out in microwave with power output from 0, 100 – 200 watt. The reclaimed rubber was used as the natural rubber substitute, with proportion of 20, 40, and 60 parts per hundred of rubber. The cracteristic of the compound was tested by using Rheometer whereas the reactivity of the rubber against the Vulcanizing agents was observed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. The results showed that reclaimed rubber prepared by heating in microwave with power output of 100 and 200 watt as well as without heating treatment showed significant effect to characteristic of vulcanization. Proportion of utilization of reclemed rubber as much as 20,40 and 60 parts showed significant effect to characteristic of vulcanization. Proportion of 40 part reclaimed rubber prepared by microwave heating with power output 100 watt showed the best characteristic of vulcanization. Keywords : reclaimed rubber, microwave, used tire, vulcanization. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh panas microwave pada pembuatan karet riklim dari ban bekas dan penerapannya untuk kompon karet ditinjau dari karakteristik vulkanisasinya. Karet riklim dibuat dari karet telapak ban bekas yang diperkecil ukurannya hingga lolos ayakan 10 mesh. Proses devulkanisasi dilakukan dengan daya microwave mulai dari 0,100 dan 200 watt. Karet riklim yang dihasikan digunakan untuk bahan substitusi karent alam dengan proporsi 20, 40 dan 60 bagian perseratus karet. Karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon diuji dengan rheometer sedngkan reaktivitas karet terhadap pemvulkanisasi diamati dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karet riklim yang dibuat dengan pemanasan microwave 100 dan 200 watt serta tanpa pemanasan berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon. Proporsi karet riklim sebesar 20, 40, dan 60 bagian berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon. Proporsi 40 bagian karet riklim yang dibuat dengan pemanasan microwave 100 watt merupakan karet riklim yang mempunyai karakteristik vulkanisasi terbaik. Kata Kunci : karet riklim, microwave, ban bekas, vulkanisasi.

Pembuatan ban dalam sepeda motor dengan filler precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) Herminiwati Herminiwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 26, No 1 (2010): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of the research was to investigated the utilization of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) as filler in production of motorcycle inner tube. Beside black filler, PCC is a white filler needed in producing rubber products. Four types of PCC have been used including two local PCC from Wonosari and East Java, and other two were imported from Japan and Taiwan. The amount of PCC added in inner tube rubber compound was varied 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 phr respectively. The compounding was carried – out by using two roll mills, and the compunds were measured their optimum vulcanization time by using rheometer. The compounds were then subjected to vulcanisates were compared to 100 phr, actiplast 8 0,1 phr, paraffinic oil 5 phr, N 550 black 30 phr, ZnO 4 phr, stearic acid 1 phr, antioxidant 1,5 phr, paraffin wax 1 phr, vulcacit DMC 1 phr, vulcacit Thiuram C 0,25 phr, and sulfur 1 phr with the content of PCC Diacal of 25 phr. The best formula meet the requirement of SNI and gave physical properties as follow : tensile strength 232,56 kg/cm2, elongation at break 570 %, permanent set 12,75 %, tensile strength during aging at 105 ± 2 0C, for 5 hours 4,89%. The local PCC form Wonosari and East motorcycle inner tube. However, particle size reduction and coating or surface treatment were needed for improving of the reinforcing effect of the local PCC. Keywords ; PCC, filler, inner tube, motorcycle. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) sebagai filler dalam pembuatan ban dalam sepeda motor. PCC meruakan filler putih yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan barang-barang karet disamping filler hitam. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan empat jenis PCC yang terdiri atas dua jenis PCC yang local yaitu dari Wonosari dan Jawa Timur dan dua jenis PCC dari Jepang dan Taiwan. Jumlah PCC yang ditambahkan dalam kompon karet ban dalam divariasi berturut-turut sebesar 10, 15, 20, 25 dab 30 phr. Kompon dibuat dengan mesin two roll mill kemudian kompon yang dihaislkan diukur wkatu vulkanisasi optimumya dengan rheometer. Selanjutnya kompondivulkanisasi dengan mesin kempa hidrolik pada suhu 1500C dan tekanan 150 kg/cm2 dalam waktu sesuai yang ditunjukkan oleh rheometer. Vulkanisat karet ban sepeda motor diuji berdasar SNI. 06-6700-2002 tentang ban dalam kendaraan bermotor. Hasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula terbaik untuk vulkanisat karet ban sepeda motor terdiri atas karet alam (pale crepe) 100 phr, actiplast 8 0,1 phr, paraffinic oil 5 phr, N 550 black 30 phr, ZnO 4 phr, asam strearat 1 phr, antioksidan 1,5 phr, paraffin wax 1 phr, vulcacit DMC 1phr, vulcacit thiuram C 0,25 phr, dan sulfur 1 phr dengan ditambahkan PCC Diacal sebesar 25 phr. Formula terbaik untuk pembuatan vulkanisat dapat memenuhi persyaratan SNI dan memberikan sifat fisis sebagai berikut : kuat tarik badan 232,56 kg/cm2, perpanjangan putus 570 %, kemuluran tetap 12,75%, penurunan kuat tarik pada pengusangan (105 ± 2 0C, 5 jam) 4,89%. PCC local asal Wonosari dan Jawa Timur dapat digunakan untuk substitusi PCC impor sebagai filler putih dalam pembuatan kompon karet ban dalam sepeda motor. Untuk meningkatkan efek penguatannya sebagai substitusi impor, perlu dilakukan perlakuan permukaan dan pengecilan ukuran partikel PCC lokal.

Pembuatan lem sintetik dan aplikasinya pada alas kaki Arum Yuniari; Herminiwati Herminiwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 24, No 1 (2008): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Footwear can be categorized as one of labour intensive and very superior export commodities, consequently the product quality must be maintained and be continually improved. The quality parameter of footwear is determined by the bonding strength between the uppers and the soles, it means that it depends on the adhesive applied. Soling system is widely applied in small and medium industries are cemented system used synthetic adhesive. Now, the adhesive was applied in the manufacturing of foot wear supported by binding of the soles and the uppers is easy to peel off because of the poor bonding strength. The aim of the research was to investigate a suitable synthetic adhesive formula to used in footwear manufacturing. In preparing of the adhesive formula, the effect of phenolic resin addition as tackifier were varies i.e 35, 45 and 55 phr using chloroprene rubber as raw material were observed. Synthetic adhesive compound was produce by two roll mill after that compound were dissolved in toluene with ratio 1 : 3. The prepared adhesive then was applied to manufacture footwear using cool press system. The soles used in the experiment were made of rubber and plastic material whereas the uppers made of either leather or artificial leather. The test result and data analysis showed that adhesive performed for the highest bonding strength as much as 1000 g/cm and decrease to lowest bonding strength after soaking in to water for 500 seconds one percent was obtained by the following formula that were : chloroprene rubber 100 phr, butylated hydroxyl toluene 2 phr, magnesium oxide 4 phr, zinc oxide 5 phr and phenolic resin 45 phr. The prepared formula performed a better bonding strength when it was compared with chloroperene rubber adhesive in market. The application of this prepared formula in making ladies shoes performed good bonding strength and accordance with the requierments of SNI 12-2942-1992 about Leather Pantopel Style Cemented System Ladies Shoes. Key words: synthetic adhesive, chloroprene rubber, footwear. ABSTRAK Alas kaki merupakan salah satu komoditi andalan ekspor yang bersifat padat karya dan banyak menyerap tenaga kerja, sehingga kualitasnya harus selalu dijaga dan terus ditingkatkan. Kualitas alas kaki salah satunya ditentukan dari kekuatan rekat bagian atas sepatu dengan sol yang dipengaruhi oleh lemnya. Sistem pengesolan yang banyak digunakan di industri kecil dan menengah adalah system lem, menggunakan lem sintetik. Saat ini lem yang digunakan dalam pembuatan alas kaki mudah mengelupas apabila sering terkena air karena kuat rekatnya masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan formula lem sintetik yang tepat untuk digunakan pada pembuatan alas kaki. Dalam pembuatan lem ini dipelajari pengaruh penggunaan phenolik resin sebagai tackifier berturut-turut sebesar 35 : 45 dan 55 phr dengan bahan baku chloroprene rubber. Pembuatan kompon lem dilakukan dengan mesin two roll mill dan selanjutnya lem dilarutkan dalam toluene dengan perbandingan 1 bagian kompon dan 3 bagian tuluen. Selanjutnya lem yang dibuat digunakan untuk pembuatan alas kaki dengan system lem pres dingin. Sol yang digunakan adalah sol karet dan plastik dengan bahan atasan dari kulit maupun kulit imitasi. Hasil uji dan analisa data menunjukkan bahwa lem yang mempunyai kuat rekat optimum sebesar 1000 g/cm dan penurunan kuat rekat yang terendah setelah perendaman dalam air selama 500 detik sebesar 1 % adalah lem dengan formula : chlroroprene rubber 100 phr, butylated hydroxyl toluene 2 phr, magnesium oxide 4 phr, zinc oxide 5 phr dan phenolic resin 45 phr. Formula tersebut mempunyai kuat rekat lebih tinggi disbanding lem chloroprene rubber dari pasaran. Aplikasinya untuk sepatu wanita memberikan nilai kuat rekat baik dan memenuhi SNI 12-2942-1992 sepatu wanita dari kulit model pantopel sistem lem. Kata Kunci: lem sintetik, chloroprene rubber, alas kaki.

Penelitian untuk rol karet gilingan padi Herminiwati Herminiwati; Arum Yuniari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 2, No 5 (1987): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

8 (eight) samples of different trade-mark of Rice hulling rubber rolls that consist of four types of roll size, the colour of which are grey, dark green and brown are tested for the purpose of this research. The roll testing method and technical specification is taken from Indian Standard and Japanese Industrial Standard. The test results of physical properties which are determinated as the decisive factor of the quality are as follow : thickness 18,54 mm – 21,60 mm, tensile strength 10,85 N/mm2 – 16,65 N/mm2 , elongation at break 106,8 % - 258,0 %, hardness before anging 87 – 95 Shore A and after aging 82 – 92 Shore A, abrasion resistance (Grasselli) 0,070 mm3/kgm – 0,79 mm3/kgm

Title

Found 18 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 18 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 18 Documents
Search