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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Geography Geoplanning : Journal of Geomatics and Planning GEA, Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi JURNAL ILMIAH GEOMATIKA Communications in Science and Technology BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) JGISE-Journal of Geospatial Information Science and Engineering Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Terapan Jurnal Teknik Sipil Kokoh Geoid - Journal of Geodesy and Geomatics
Nurrohmat Widjajanti
Departemen Teknik Geodesi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gdjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Social Sciences Transportation

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GNSS Monitoring Network Optimization Case Study: Opak Fault Deformation, Yogyakarta Nurrohmat Widjajanti; Sherly Shinta Emalia; Parseno Parseno
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2018): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.38458

Abstract

Opak fault is a fault located in Opak River area, Bantul. The existence of the fault is one of the biggest causes of earthquake in Yogyakarta in 2006. The seismic potential caused by the active fault requires continuous geodynamic monitoring. The GNSS network (TGD, SGY, and OPK) have been developed since 2013 consists of 17 stations and in 2016 there was an additional number of four monitoring stations. Several high-precision monitoring stations distributed at the fault location are needed to monitor the fault movement. Optimal observation network is one of the factors to obtain high precision station coordinates. The GNSS network optimization has been carried out in the previous research partially on each network; namely the segment of TGD, SGY, and OPK. Therefore, this research conducts a thoroughly optimization for 17 monitoring stations either use old or new stations to obtain an optimal network based on the criteria of accuracy and reliability.The network is designed widely from simple to complex combination and to combination between network segments. The computation uses least squares adjustment with parameter method. The value of the cofactor matrix parameter of the adjustment is applied to analyze the network based on the function of the accuracy criteria, namely A-Optimality, D-Optimality, E-Optimality, S-Optimality, and I-Optimality. Meanwhile, the value of the residual cofactor matrix is used for network configuration analysis based on the reliability objective function, namely the individual redundancy, external and internal reliabilities criteria. The result showed that the design of TGD, SGY and OPK network segments are optimized based on the criteria of accuracy and reliability if they use a network design with a complex baseline. The criteria for accuracy and reliability in the design with a combination of segments such as TGD and SGY, TGD and OPK, as well as TGD, SGY, and OPK are not much different from the optimization results performed by each segment. Therefore, if the measurements are carried out with a limited receiver, it is better to use each of segment designs.
Analysis of the July 10th 2013 Tectonic Earthquake effect on the Coordinates Changes of Mentawai Segment Monitoring Station Hilmiyati Ulinnuha; Aris Sunantyo; Nurrohmat Widjajanti
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.39350

Abstract

Mentawai Segment is located in Mentawai Islands, Sumatra, Indonesia. This segment is a subduction zone between Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate. This subduction zone can lead to high potential of tectonic earthquake in Mentawai Segment. The high potential of tectonic earthquake has negative impact for the community, so it is necessary to monitor the risk of tectonic earthquake in Mentawai Segment. This monitoring can be done by using GPS data of monitoring station that spread in Mentawai Segment. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of tectonic earthquake on the coordinate change of Mentawai Segment, so that it can reduce the risk of negative impact of tectonic earthquake in Mentawai Segment. This research use observation data of 10 continuous GPS monitoring station (Sumatran GPS Data Array / SuGAr) in Mentawai Segment. Day of observation data was day of year (doy) at the time of tectonic earthquake occurence on July 10, 2013. Data processing used GAMIT / GLOBK software. The results of this research indicate that the tectonic earthquake (July 10, 2013) affected coordinates changes of the SuGAr station significantly two hours after the tectonic earthquake occurred.
GPS Technology Implementation for Sangihe Islands' Movement Monitoring in 2017-2019 Hilmiyati Ulinnuha; Dwi Lestari; Leni Sophia Heliani; Nurrohmat Widjajanti; Cecep Pratama; Parseno Parseno; Krishna Fitranto Nugroho
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (2019): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.51033

Abstract

Sangihe Islands belong to a complex tectonic area at the subduction of the Eurasian plate and the Philippine Sea. Sangihe subduction zones are complex subduction zone, so that there is a need for continuous movement monitoring. Previous research had been carried out to monitor movement of the Sangihe subduction zone, but no monitoring has been done in 2019. Therefore, this study aims to monitor movement of Sangihe subduction zones with the latest observation data.This study aims to obtain velocity of Sangihe Islands plate movement during 2017 to 2019. Observation was performed using 3 monitoring control points for 7 days in 2019. While observation data from 2017 to 2018 were obtained from previous studies. Observations was carried out using GNSS differential method technology. Loosely constrained of weighted parameter was performed in least square adjustment of GNSS data daily processing, while Kalman Filtering algorithm applied for combining multiyear GNSS data to estimate the velocity refer to ITRF 2014 using GAMIT/GLOBK.This study indicates that Sangihe Islands has horizontal movement to the Southeast with velocity vector of 1 to 2.16 cm/year. This results confirm the previous studies in that area.
Analisis Tingkat Ketersediaan dan Cakupan dari Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) di Pulau Jawa Novie Chiuman; Dedi Atunggal; Nurrohmat Widjajanti
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2021): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.63277

Abstract

Ketersediaan layanan dan cakupan Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) sangat penting untuk kegiatan yang membutuhkan ketelitian level sentimeter atau lebih baik. Penelitian ini menganalisis ketersediaan layanan CORS Indonesia berdasar data web scraping server InaCORS pada Desember 2018. Cakupan CORS diestimasi dengan asumsi performansi Real Time Kinematic (RTK) single base hingga radius 30 kilometer dan untuk RTK network base hingga 50 kilometer dari masing-masing stasiun yang kemudian dipadukan dengan data cakupan jaringan komunikasi selular Telkomsel, Indosat dan 3 dari opensignal.com. Hasil web scraping menunjukkan terdapat 51 stasiun CORS dengan ketersediaan layanan di atas 80%, empat dengan ketersediaan layanan di bawah 80%, dua dengan ketersediaan layanan di bawah 50%, dan 14 yang tidak memiliki ketersediaan layanan. Cakupan CORS untuk metode RTK single base dan network base masing-masing adalah 72,942% dan 98,299%. Luas cakupan CORS terbesar diperoleh provider Telkomsel baik untuk metode RTK single base maupun network base yaitu masing-masing sebesar 34,622% dan 45,180%. Cakupan riil dari estimasi tersebut mungkin lebih besar karena hasil uji lapangan membuktikan bahwa tingkat ketepatan data dari OpenSignal hanya sebesar 69,444% dan masih banyak area tanpa data sinyal. Hasil analisis tingkat duplikasi cakupan CORS menunjukkan bahwa luas duplikasi cakupan CORS untuk metode RTK single base dan network base masing-masing sebesar 37,076% dan 82,382% dari luas total cakupan CORS. Hasil dari penelitian juga menunjukkan setidaknya ada 20 stasiun CORS yang perlu ditingkatkan ketersediaan datanya.
Pergerakan Vertikal Titik GNSS CORS Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah dan Sekitarnya Tahun 2021-2023 Menggunakan Pengolahan Metode Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Sitaningrum, Alya; Widjajanti, Nurrohmat
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.95957

Abstract

Penurunan tanah di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah dan sekitarnya menimbulkan kerugian dan berdampak negatif. Mitigasi seperti pemantauan fenomena penurunan tanah di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah diperlukan khususnya untuk pemantauan pergerakan vertikal dan kecepatannya. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat dimanfaatkan yaitu Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Saat ini, pengolahan data GNSS dengan metode Precise Point Positioning (PPP) telah banyak digunakan untuk analisis pergerakan vertikal. Berdasarkan koordinat hasil pengolahan data GNSS beberapa tahun dapat ditentukan kecepatan pergerakan vertikalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan nilai pergerakan vertikal dan kecepatannya pada titik Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah dan sekitarnya dengan metode PPP. Pemantauan pergerakan vertikal dilakukan pada delapan titik GNSS CORS tahun 2021 s.d. 2023 di Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah yaitu CPKL (Pekalongan), CSMG (Semarang Genuk), CSEM (Semarang), dan CJPR (Jepara) dan di sekitarnya yaitu CBJN (Banjarnegara), CMGL (Magelang), CSLO (Solo), dan CPWD (Purwodadi). Pengolahan data GNSS dengan metode PPP menggunakan perangkat lunak PRIDE PPP-AR sehingga diperoleh estimasi nilai koordinat harian dan simpangan baku. Pergerakan vertikal dan simpangan bakunya diolah dengan metode linear least square sehingga diperoleh nilai kecepatan pergerakan vertikal dan simpangan baku setiap titik CORS kemudian dilakukan uji statistik t-student dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Penurunan tanah tahun 2021 s.d. 2022 terjadi pada titik CPKL, CPWD, CSEM, dan CSMG sedangkan CBJN, CJPR, CMGL, dan CSLO terjadi kenaikan tanah. Tahun 2022 s.d. 2023 dan 2021 s.d. 2023 terjadi penurunan tanah di titik CMGL, CPKL, CPWD, dan CSMG sedangkan CBJN, CJPR, CSEM, dan CSLO mengalami kenaikan tanah. Nilai kecepatan pergerakan vertikal selama tiga tahun berkisar -4,39 s.d. -94,03 mm/tahun sedangkan kenaikannya -4,39 s.d. 96,32 mm/tahun. Penurunan tanah terjadi pada titik CMGL, CPKL, CPWD, dan CSMG. Kenaikan tanah terjadi pada titik CBJN, CJPR, CSEM, dan CSLO berturut-turut sebesar 54,24 mm/tahun, 96,32 mm/tahun, 3,23 mm/tahun, 26,6 mm/tahun.
Evaluating 3-D positioning infrastructure quality and utilization: The potential improvement with multi-GNSS methods Atunggal, Dedi; Widjajanti, Nurrohmat; Aditya, Trias
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 9 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.9.1.2024.1403

Abstract

This article evaluates the quality of the national 3-D positioning infrastructure using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to simulate the potential application of multi-GNSS method. The MCDM evaluation used coverage and availability of Indonesia Continuous Operating Reference System (INACORS) services, distribution of survey pillars, and accuracy of height determination using the Indonesian Geoid Model (INAGEOID). The term multi-GNSS method refers to the utilization of PPP method as a complement to the conventional differential GNSS method for the production of mapping control points. The results of this evaluation were complemented by a questionnaire analysis on the utilization of positioning infrastructure by respondents from various professional backgrounds. The MCDM evaluation results showed that Java had nearly 100% good or excellent 3-D positioning infrastructure quality. Other regions in Indonesia still had significant areas of average, fair, or even poor quality. The questionnaire results showed that many users have faced some problems in areas with fair or poor infrastructure quality. The application of multi-GNSS method can contribute to reduce up to half of the area with fair and poor positioning infrastructure quality.
Pipeline Modeling using UAV LiDAR Technology Himawan, Iwan Qodar; Fitri, Listiyo; Widjajanti, Nurrohmat; Azizi, Iqbal Hanun
GEOID Vol. 19 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Geomatika ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/geoid.v19i3.2271

Abstract

Pipelines play an important role in operations in energy supply companies, whether geothermal, gas, or petroleum. Pipeline damage, such as corrosion, dents, and leaks caused by natural or human factors, must be detected. Problems with pipeline assets will indirectly impact high production prices. Pipeline asset mapping must be carried out precisely, quickly, and quietly, considering that the existence of pipelines often causes social unrest. This research analyzed the capabilities of UAV LiDAR for mapping pipelines and support in a three km-long pipeline area. The study concluded that UAV LiDAR can map the position of the pipeline, its position to the ground, the position of the support, and the height of the support on a pipeline network with a diameter of 1 m. This capability applies not only to segments in open areas but also to those covered by vegetation. When orthophoto cannot display the pipeline's existence, the LiDAR point cloud can identify it. This main pipeline, which has a 1 m diameter, 3-D mesh, and 3-D models, can also be formed well. The accuracy of the resulting map is 11.5 cm at a confidence level of 90%. The length of time required from preparation to the presentation of the pipeline longitudinal profile map is eight calendar days with ten manpower.
Extended Continental Shelf Under UNCLOS 1982: A Comprehensive Analysis of State Submissions Taftazani, Muhammad Iqbal; Arsana, I Made Andi; Widjajanti, Nurrohmat; Schofield, Clive
Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/geoplanning.12.2.267-278

Abstract

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes a framework for coastal states to confirm their continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from baselines, often referred to as the Extended Continental Shelf (ECS). This procedure, outlined in UNCLOS Article 76, requires states to submit extensive scientific and legal documentation to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (UN-CLCS). While the technical and legal aspects of ECS delineation have been widely studied, research focused on the process’s broader effects on geospatial governance and marine spatial planning (MSP) is limited. This study aims to examine how the ECS delineation process contributes to geospatial governance and provides a spatial foundation for marine spatial planning. This research addresses this gap by analyzing the executive summaries of 34 successful ECS submissions receiving formal UN-CLCS recommendations. Using qualitative content analysis, the study examines specific criteria states have employed, including their survey methods, data sources, and how they applied UNCLOS formulas and constraints. The data include bathymetric, geophysical, geological, and sediment thickness information from national and international sources. The findings show that bathymetric surveys are used in all submissions, with many states also applying both the Gardiner and Hedberg formulas while consistently adhering to the 350-nautical-mile and 100-nautical-mile-beyond-2,500-m-isobath constraints. The study also highlights the key role of current and former UN-CLCS members in providing expert advice to ensure submissions are scientifically sound and legally valid. Beyond technical aspects, the ECS submission process improves geospatial clarity, decreases jurisdictional uncertainty, and supports sustainable ocean governance.
Elevation Accuracy Assessment of Aerial LiDAR against Total Station for Topographic Mapping under Diverse Terrain Conditions Azizi, Iqbal Hanun; Santosa, Purnama Budi; Sobasita, Fadila; Widjajanti, Nurrohmat
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.111637

Abstract

Topographic mapping requires precise three-dimensional (3D) coordinates for geospatial applications. Conventional terrestrial surveys using Total Station (TS) and GNSS-RTK provide reliable accuracy but are time-consuming. Aerial LiDAR offers a faster alternative by generating high-density point clouds with wide coverage, although its accuracy must be evaluated. This study assesses the elevation accuracy of LiDAR compared to TS across six terrain categories: open ground surface, vegetation-covered surface, road section, sparsely populated settlement, densely populated settlement, and river. Data acquisition employed a 1 m grid to align horizontal coordinates and focused on elevation values. The evaluation included descriptive statistics, elevation difference histograms, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and linear correlation analysis. Results indicate that LiDAR achieved high accuracy in open ground and road sections, with low RMSE and correlation values equal to one. Accuracy decreased in settlements due to roof and wall reflections, and in dense vegetation where laser pulses were blocked by canopy. Despite these limitations, LiDAR effectively represented contour patterns after filtering, classification, and breakline addition. In rivers, LiDAR produced the largest deviations caused by water reflectivity, while TS remained precise for riverbed elevations. This study demonstrates that LiDAR is highly effective for mapping open areas and roads, applicable in settlements with further processing, and still useful in vegetated terrain through its multiple-return capability. However, water bodies require TS validation as a precision reference. Overall, LiDAR provides efficient wide-area data acquisition, while TS continues to serve as the precision standard in complex conditions under ISO/IEC 17025. The application of ISO/IEC 17025 is essential to ensure that measurement, calibration, and data validation comply with principles of accuracy, traceability, and uncertainty control, thereby making topographic mapping results accountable. 
Co-Authors Affriani, Asri Ria Aris Sunantyo Atunggal, Dedi Azizi, Iqbal Hanun Cecep Pratama Dwi Lestari Dwi Lestari Fitri, Listiyo Heliani, Leni Sophia Himawan, Iwan Qodar I made Andi Arsana Krishna Fitranto Nugroho M. Ellya Putriningtias Made Ditha Ary Sanjaya Margaretha Elya Lim Putraningtyas Muhammad Iqbal Taftazani Muhammad Iqbal Taftazani, Muhammad Iqbal Novie Chiuman Parseno Parseno Parseno Parseno Parseno Parseno Purnama Budi Santosa, Purnama Budi Schofield, Clive Sherly Shinta Emalia Sitaningrum, Alya Sobasita, Fadila Subagyo Pramumijoyo Subagyo Pramumijoyo Sunantyo, Aris T. Aris Sunantyo Trias Aditya Trias Aditya, Trias Ulinnuha, Hilmiyati Ulinnuha, Hilmiyati Waliyanto Waliyanto, Waliyanto Widya Hanifazza Yulaikhah Yulaikhah