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Serapan Hara N, P, K dan Hasil Biji Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) pada Pemberian Bokashi Pelepah Pisang pada Tanah Pasir Pantai Khavid Faozi; Prapto Yudono; Didik Indradewa; Azwar Ma'as
Vegetalika Vol 8, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The ability of several soybean varieties to absorb nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) may be different in the new growing environment in coastal sands which are treated with bokashi made from banana stem. The aim of this study was to determine the NPK nutrient uptake and the responses of several soybean varieties to the level of banana stem bokashi application in coastal sand fields and to determine the optimum dose based on the yield of soybean seeds. The research was a field experiment conducted for 4 months from January until April 2017. Pot experiments in the field have been done in Samas coastal sands, Srigading Village, Sanden Sub-district, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The factorial experiment (4x12) was repeated 3 times, arranged in a complete randomized block design (RCBD). The first factor was dose banana stem bokashi including 0, 20, 40, and 60 t.ha-1; was tested on 12 soybean cultivars namely Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, Demas 1, Dena 1, Devon 1, Gamasugen 1, Gema, Gepak Ijo, Grobogan, Kaba, and Slamet. The observational data were analyzed by the variant analysis of the error rate of 5% and if significantly different was followed by DMRT 5% error level. The results showed that bokashi made from the banana stem can be used as a soil enhancer for coastal sandy soil, as well as providing nutrients for the growth of soybean plants. Nutrient uptake of N, P, K, plant dry weight, and seed yields of Anjasmoro varieties, Argomulyo, Demas 1, Devon 1, Gepak Ijo, Kaba and Slamet increased with the application of banana stem bokashi at doses of 20 and 40 t.ha-1, and decreases at bokashi doses reaching 60 t.ha-1. The optimum dose of bokashi made from banana stem doses equals 35.80 t.ha-1 with a maximum seed yield of 22.24 g.pot-1.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Subletal Deltametrin terhadap Nutrisi dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Yuni Ratna; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Increasing the reproductive capacity through increasing plant growth and nutrition is one plausible mechanism of resurgence. This research was intended to determine the effect of deltamethrin on plant vigor and nutrition contents. The experiment was carried out outdoor. The treatments tested were deltamethrin (50 ppm), buprofezin (100 ppm), and control (water). Insecticide applications were applied one time (at age 26 d or 50 d) and two times (at age 26 and 50 d). Deltamethrin applications as many as two times did not increase the total chlorophyll and the photosynthesis rate, nutrients (total nitrogen, total protein, total sugar, total reducing sugar at aged 26 d, and sucrose), growth (plant height and number of tillers), and yield (number of panicles). However, application of deltamethrin at aged 26 d increased the amount of asparagine. Asparagine is known to be associated with the feeding rate of Nilaparvata lugens stimulation. Therefore, increasing level of asparagine after application of deltamethrin at sublethal concentration was considered as one of the factors that might be involved in the mechanism of N. lugens resurgence.Salah satu mekanisme resurjensi adalah peningkatan reproduksi hama melalui peningkatan nutrisi dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat pengaruh deltametrin terhadap kandungan nutrisi dan vigor tanaman. Pengujian dilakukan di lapangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah deltametrin 50 ppm, buprofezin 100 ppm, dan kontrol (air). Aplikasi insektisida dilakukan satu kali masing-masing pada umur tanaman 26 dan 50 hst dan dua kali pada umur 26 dan 50 hst. Aplikasi deltametrin sebanyak dua kali tidak meningkatkan total klorofil dan laju fotosintesis, nutrisi (total nitrogen, total protein, total gula, total gula reduksi pada 26 hst, dan sukrosa) kecuali asparagin, pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan), dan hasil (jumlah malai) tanaman. Oleh karena asparagin berperan sebagai pemacu laju makan Nilaparvata lugens, maka peningkatan kadar asparagin tanaman setelah aplikasi konsentrasi subletal deltametrin diduga sebagai salah satu faktor yang terlibat dalam mekanisme resurjensi N. lugens

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Deltametrin terhadap Resurjensi Nilaparvata lugens Yuni Ratna; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11737

Nilaparvata lugens is the type of insect pest whose resurgence is induced by insecticides. Deltamethrin is an insecticide commonly used by farmers to control pests other than N. lugens on rice. This research was conducted to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations and application frequency of deltamethrin on subsequent growth and development of third instars of N. lugens. The selected concentrations were 50 ppm (LC25) and 225 ppm (LC50), and the frequency of applications ranged 1–3 times. Each concentration was applied to the third instars of the parent generation (one time), the parent and their first offspring (two times) and the parent, their first and second offspring (three times). N. lugens used in this experiment was the susceptible population derived from the laboratory population. Application of deltamethrin on two and three consecutive generations increased nymphal mortality, the population of offspring produced by the surviving adults, and the ratio of treated and control females in producing the offspring. Increasing the frequency of application increased the ratio, and the females received three applications produced nymphs 2.65 times more than the control females. The two sublethal concentrations did not have significant impact on the above parameters. Furthermore, the interaction between concentration and frequency of application was absent. These findings suggest that several applications of deltamethrin at sublethal concentrations would contribute to the resurgence of N. lugens.

Ekstraksi, Karakterisasi dan Daya Penghambatan Kitosan Alami terhadap Jamur Colletotrichum musae secara In Vitro Tunjung Pamekas; Christanti Sumardiyono; Nursamsi Pusposendjojo; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11764

In order to enhance food safety, the use of chemical pesticides on agriculture must be minimized, especially on postharvest processing. One of the alternative ways is the use of natural chitosan. Chitosan has good prospect as an alternative compound to chemical pesticides to be used on postharvest processing for agriculture products which are potential as exported commodity, such as banana cv. Ambon Curup, exotic fruit from Bengkulu. The aims of this research were to extract and characterize chitosan and to evaluate the inhibition of chitosan to Colletotrichum musae. Methods of experiment were (1) extraction of chitosan, (2) characterization of chitosan, and (3) inhibition test of chitosan to the pathogen in vitro. The parameters observed were the growth and colour of colony, the measurement and density of conidia and the dry weight of mycelium. The result indicated that the texture of chitosan were flake-powder with white-brownish colour, had a little bit odor of fish and pH were 7.5–13. The deacetylated degree of chitosan were around 74.27–75.64%. The in vitro test indicated that the kind of chitosan treatments gave no significant effect to the growth and colony colour, the measurement and density of conidia and the dry weight of mycelium. However the concentration of chitosan treatments were significantly effect all parameters. The chitosan on 20 mg/ml could inhibit the colony growth up to 81.20%, the conidial density up to 46.5%, the measurement of conidia up to 19.4%, and the dry weight of mycelium up to 59.46%. Chitosan had no effect to the colour of fungal colony.

Resurjensi Serangga Hama Karena Perubahan Fisiologi Tanaman dan Serangga Sasaran Setelah Aplikasi Insektisida Yuni Ratna; Y. Andi Trisyono; Kasumbogo Untung; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11766

The use of insecticides at sub-lethal dosage may induce insect resurgence. Factors contributing the insect resurgence include mortality of natural enemies, mass migration, improvement in plant nutrition, or increase in insect reproductive capacity which works individually or in combinations. This article provides a comprehensive review from recent publications, particularly those dealing with the impact of insecticide applications on plant nutrition and insect reproduction, and function to upgrade our knowledge since most publications in Indonesia were made in the 1980s. The insecticides together with its metabolites and conjugates could function as plant growth regulators, increase absorption, improve the nutritional content, influence the biochemical and ultrastructural aspects of the plant, or protect the plant from stresses. An increase in the nutritional value of the plant would increase feeding rate, fecundity, and longevity of the insects. Furthermore, insecticides could also directly stimulate the reproductive capacity of the insect. All of these impacts might end up in increasing the population of insect after application of certain insecticides. Research findings related to the elucidation on the mechanism underlying the phenomenon of resurgence could be used in considering the registration of new insecticides or extension of the existing insecticides.

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