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All Journal Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan GIZI INDONESIA
Abas Basuni Jahari
National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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KECENDERUNGAN MASALAH GIZI BURUK DI INDONESIA Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 34, No 2 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v34i2.111

Abstract

Prevalensi  gizi  kurang  dan  buruk  menurut  BB/U  belum banyak  berubah  dari  sejak  krisis  hingga  kini, sementara  dana  untuk  program  perbaikan  gizi  semakin meningkat.  Revitalisasi  Posyandu  dan  Sistem Kewaspadaan  pangan  dan  Gizi  (SKPG)  untuk  penanggulangan  masalah  rawan  pangan  dan  gizi  di sebagian  besar  kabupaten  di  Indonesia  tidak  diimplementasikan.  Telaahan  ini  bertujuan  untuk mempelajari  beberapa  fakta  dari  hasil  analisis  data tentang  gizi  kurang  dan  gizi  buruk  yang  terjadi  diIndonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) Jawa Barat tahun 2004, Hasil Survei Gizi di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) pasca-Tsunami, 2005, dan survei masalah gizi mikro  di  7  provinsi  tahun  2006.  Hasil  menunjukkan  bahwa  dari  21,3  persen  anak  balita  yang  termasuk kategori rawan, 10 persen di antaranya sangat rawanuntuk menjadi status BB/U Rendah (Gizi Kurang). Kemudian, secara umum dari 32,9 persen anak balita berstatus BB/U Rendah yang ada pada posisi rawan, 13,2 persen di antaranya ada pada posisi sangat rawan untuk menjadi status BB/U Sangat Rendah (Gizi Buruk).  Berdasarkan  TB/U,  proporsi  anak  balita  dengan TB/U  Normal  yang  rawan  untuk  menjadi  status TB/U Pendek meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya umur. Secara umum 39,9 persen anak balita yang berstatus  TB/U  pendek  ada  pada  posisi  rawan,  di  antaranya 17,8  persen  ada  pada  posisi  sangat  rawan untuk  menjadi  status  TB/U  Sangat  Pendek.  Namun,  berdasarkan  BB/TB,  hanya  9  persen  anak  balita berstatus BB/TB Normal yang ada dalam posisi rawan,3,9  persen di antaranya ada pada posisi sangat rawan untuk menjadi status BB/TB Kurus. Karena jumlah anak balita berstatus gizi baik (normal) yang ada pada posisi rawan terus meningkat mengikuti pertambahan usia, maka upaya perbaikan gizi yang bersifat preventif sudah harus dilaksanakan sejak usia dini,tidak hanya untuk anak balita kurang gizi tetapi juga bagi  anak  balita  yang  dikategorikan  berstatus  gizi  baik.  Arah  kebijakan  pemerintah  hendaknya  melalui kegiatan  yang  bersifat  PREVENTIF  dan  PROMOTIF  yang  PROAKTIF,  harus  diimplementasikan  secara benar, baik di pusat maupun di daerah. Kata kunci: SKPG, Posyandu, status gizi
UKURAN LINGKAR PERGELANGAN TANGAN SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KEGEMUKAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA BOGOR JAWA BARAT ., Hermina; Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 2 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v30i2.45

Abstract

WRIST CIRCUMFERENCE AS AN INDICATOR FOR OBESITY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BOGOR, WEST JAVAIntroduction:Obesity is now increasing problem among primary school children. Obesity duringchildhood has a consequence of obesity in the teen age. Approximately, one third of children withobesity will become obese in their older age.Objective:To examine the reliability of wrist circumference as an indicator of obesity, particularlyfor rapid assessment. Method: The analysis used data from the study on ”The development of nutrition educationintervention for primary school children from midlle economic class families (2001)”. The sample inthis study is primary school children age 9-12 years from several favorite schools in the city ofBogor West Java. The weight and height of 1990 children were collected during the study. Inaddition data of wrist circumference was collected by a simple method non numerical measure buta qualitatif. The method used was by connecting the thumb and the mid-finger of child’s right handon the wrist of child’s left hand. The method gives three condition: 1) Normal if the tips of thumband mid-finger touch each other and no space between wrist and the circle made by the thumband mid-finger, 2) Thin if the tips of thumb and mid-finger touch each other but there is spacebetween the wrist and the circle, and 3) overweight/obese if the tips thumb and mid-finger doesnot touch each other. Data on weight and height were converted into z-score weight-for-height (ZWH) based on WHO-NCHS standard, 1982. Kappa coefficient was obtained to evaluate thereliability of wrist circumference to Z-WH in identifying obesity among school children.Result: 76% of overweight/obese children and 95% of non-overweight/obese children could beidentified by using wrist circumference. The Kappa coefficient for the reliability test is 0,6 and is asufficiently reliable.Conclusion: Wrist circumference could be used as a simple tool for a rapid assesment orsceening of obesity among school children.Keywords:obesity, wrist circumference, weight-for-height Z-score, school children
KELUARGA SADAR GIZI (KADARZI) DALAM MENUJU GIZI BAIK UNTUK SEMUA Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 28, No 1 (2005): Maret 2005
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v28i1.12

Abstract

FAMILY NUTRITION AWARENESSTO ACHIEVE BETTER NUTRITIONAL STATUS FOR ALLEffort to improve nutritional status of the people in the last 20 year had been successfully achieved. The prevalence of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) decreased from 37.5% in 1989 to 27.5% in 2003. The prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Diseases (IDD) decreased from 27.9% in 1990 to 11.10% in 2003. The number of pregnant mothers with anemia and vitamin A deficiency were also decreasing. No sufficient data on other micronutrients status in Indonesia. Nutrition problem in Indonesia in general is still considered as a public health problem. Nutrition program in Indonesia has not been optimally involving nutrition education activities. In addition, the existing potential resources and sociocultural values in the community have not been taken into account in the implementation of nutrition program. Based on these past experiences, the Ministry of Health will focused its nutrition program to achieve Nutrition Awareness of all families (Keluarga Sadar Gizi, KADARZI) in order to reach to the improvement of nutritional status of the people. Nutritionally aware families are the families that able to know and overcome their own nutrition problem or to find aid from others to solve the problem. Following the development in newparadigm of nutrition program to achieve KADARZI, therefore the nutrition research activities should also in part focused on the development of nutrition education tools based on Communicator, Information, Education (CIE) Technics and Sociocultural aspects in the community.Key words: Family Nutrition Awareness (KADARZI), Communication-Information-Education (CIE)
RISIKO OSTEOPOROSIS DI INDONESIA Jahari, Abas Basuni; Prihatini, Sri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v30i1.35

Abstract

RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN INDONESIABackground: Osteoporosis is on of growing problems in the world which is related to ageingprocess. It is estimated that in the year 2050 around 50% bone fracture in Asia is associated withosteoporosis. However, epidemiological information about osteoporosis in Indonesia is still rarelyavailable.Objective: To provide information on the magnitude of osteoporosis in Indonesia.Method: In 1999 and 2003-2005 PT FBI carried free Bone Mineral Density (BMD) examination inseveral provinces of Indonesia. The total samples of 126,265 subjects were those who came tothe examination center set by the PT FBI. The equipment used to examine BMD is ”SaharaClinical Bone Sonometer”.Results: It is found that the proportion of risk of osteoporosis was 19.7 percent in 2002, 7.7percent in 2003, 7.0 percent in 2004 and 10.7persen in 2005. The pattern of the problem wassimilar from 2002 to 2005; the risk of osteoporosis is increasing following the ages. The proportionof osteophenia was higher than that of risk of osteoporosis. The proportion of osteophenia was36.0 percent in 2002, 46.8 percent in 2003, 46.5 percent in 2004 and 41.8 percent in 2005. Theproportion of risk of osteoporosis below 55 years of age was less in male than in female, howeverin the age of = 55 years the proportion was higher in female than in male subjects.Conclusion: The proportion of risk of osteoporosis was less in 2005 than that in 2002. However,this figure is not an indication of decreasing problem of risk of osteoporosis, because the nature ofthe population distribution and sampling method did not provide evidence of representativenessfor the areas. The problem of ostephenia relatively did not change much from 36.0 percent in 2002to 41.8 percent in 2005 or around 40 percent. This means that four out of 10 elderly having risk ofdeveloping osteoporosis.Recommendation: Problem of osteoporosis should be taken care not only for older people butshould start from the younger age. To obtain more representative figures on osteoporosis a moreappropriate designed study needs to be carried out.Keywords: osteoporosis, osteophenia, bone mineral density
ASALAH GAGAL-TUMBUH PADA ANAK BALITA MASIH TINGGI: ADAKAH YANG “KURANG” DALAM KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM GIZI DI INDONESIA? Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 31, No 2 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (266.953 KB)

Abstract

WHAT’S WRONG WITH NUTRITION PROGRAM POLICY? WHY GROWTH FALTERING AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN REMAINS HIGH? The indicator of nutritional status used in the large scale survey is weight-for-age (W/A) orunderweight indicator. The question is why the prevalence of underweight among children underfives is still high, while the prevalence of overweight tends to increase? This analysis is carried outto find out what is the hidden characteristic of growth faltering among Indonesian children below 5years of age. The analysis used anthropometry data from different sources that collecting bothlength or height and weight dataThe anthropometry data is converted into standardized values(z_score) using WHO-2006 child growth standard. The prevalence of underweight (W/A), stuntingbased on length of height-for-age (H/A) and wasting based on weight-for-length or height (W/H)were calculated based on cut-off points suggested by the WHO child growth standard. Crosstabulation between any pair of two indicators was made to understand the characteristics ofgrowth faltering.The obvious problem in growth faltering among Indonesian under-five children isstunting. The prevalence of stunting is the highest among the prevalence of underweight andwasting. In general it was found that about 85 percent underweight children were also stunted, andaround 80 percent underweight children were having normal weight-for-height (not wasted). Fromthe results of the analysis It is clear that most of the underweight children were stunted and mostof the underweight children had normal weight-for-height. The problem of underweight is stronglyrelated with the problem of stunting. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of underweight should alsotake into account the efforts to reduce problem of stunting. Using weight-for-age (W/A) alone asthe basis of nutrition intervention is not enough, therefore, measuring length or height is stronglyrecommended to understand clearly the characteristics of growth problems among under-fivechildren.KEYWORDS: anthropometry, underweight, stunting, wasting
KURVA PERTUMBUHAN ANAK SEHAT USIA 3-18 BULAN DARI KELUARGA EKONOMI MENENGAH KE ATAS: Bagaimana Posisinya terhadap Standar Antropometri WHO-2005? Jahari, Abas Basuni; Husaini, Jajah K.
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 31, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (111.72 KB)

Abstract

GROWTH CURVE OF HEALTHY CHILDREN 3-18 MONTHS OF AGE FROM WEALTHY FAMILIES:How Close to WHO Child Growth Standard 2005?On April 26, 2006 the WHO published a new Child Growth Standard from 0 to 60 months of age.The new child growth standard is developed based on Mulicentre Growth Reference Study(MGRS) 1997-2003 in 6 countries: Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the United States ofAmerica. The MGRS is unique because it was designed to develop standard based on healthychildren living in situation that provide possibility for them to grow normally according to theirgenetic potential. For this reason the WHO recommended that the new child growth standard beused as a new anthropometric reference replacing the existing NCHS-WHO growth reference. Inresponse to WHO recommendation some analyses were done to confirm the suitability of the newWHO child growth standard with local situation. One of the analyses is presented in this paper.The main objective of the analysis is to identify the position of growth curve of healthy Indonesianchildren 3-18 months of age relative to the new WHO child growth standard. The specificobjectives are: to identify the position of Weight-for-Age (W/A) curve, Length or Height-for-Age (L/A or H/A) curve. This analysis is based on growth data of healthy children from Study on “TheDevelopment of Norm of Motor Milestone Achievements in Healthy and Wellnourished Children 3-18 Months of Age 2003 in Bandung, Bogor, Malang and Surabaya (Yayah K.H, Abas B.J., HusainiM.A. et.al.)”. Children characteristics are having normal Length-for-Age, normal Weight-for-Age,and normal Weight-for-Length according to NCHS Anthropometric Reference, not suffering fromchronic diseases, not sick in the previous month, have permanent housing in good sanitation,ventilation, clean water, good toilet, etc., not twin and have normal birth-weight, their parents havegood job, and their families have no constraint in health care and economic condition. A number of1155 boys and 1097 girls were included in the analysis. The children weights and lengths wereconverted into Z_Scores using New WHO Growth standard. The sample median and standarddeviation of the Z_Score values were generated and plotted against median and standarddeviation of New WHO standard. In general the Growth Curve of Healthy Indonesian Childrenfrom mid-upper economic status families fits better in WHO Curve for both sexes, particularly atyounger ages (<9 Months) in the Median Length-for-age and Weight-for-age, girls fit better thanboys in both Median length-for-age and weight-for-age, boys and girls curves fit better in medianZ_Score Weight-for-Length.Keywords: growth curve, anthropometric standard, WHO standard
KELUARGA SADAR GIZI (KADARZI) DALAM MENUJU GIZI BAIK UNTUK SEMUA Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 28, No 1 (2005): Maret 2005
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (112.937 KB)

Abstract

FAMILY NUTRITION AWARENESSTO ACHIEVE BETTER NUTRITIONAL STATUS FOR ALLEffort to improve nutritional status of the people in the last 20 year had been successfully achieved. The prevalence of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) decreased from 37.5% in 1989 to 27.5% in 2003. The prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Diseases (IDD) decreased from 27.9% in 1990 to 11.10% in 2003. The number of pregnant mothers with anemia and vitamin A deficiency were also decreasing. No sufficient data on other micronutrients status in Indonesia. Nutrition problem in Indonesia in general is still considered as a public health problem. Nutrition program in Indonesia has not been optimally involving nutrition education activities. In addition, the existing potential resources and sociocultural values in the community have not been taken into account in the implementation of nutrition program. Based on these past experiences, the Ministry of Health will focused its nutrition program to achieve Nutrition Awareness of all families (Keluarga Sadar Gizi, KADARZI) in order to reach to the improvement of nutritional status of the people. Nutritionally aware families are the families that able to know and overcome their own nutrition problem or to find aid from others to solve the problem. Following the development in newparadigm of nutrition program to achieve KADARZI, therefore the nutrition research activities should also in part focused on the development of nutrition education tools based on Communicator, Information, Education (CIE) Technics and Sociocultural aspects in the community.Key words: Family Nutrition Awareness (KADARZI), Communication-Information-Education (CIE)
UKURAN LINGKAR PERGELANGAN TANGAN SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KEGEMUKAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA BOGOR JAWA BARAT ., Hermina; Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 2 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (100.534 KB)

Abstract

WRIST CIRCUMFERENCE AS AN INDICATOR FOR OBESITY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BOGOR, WEST JAVAIntroduction:Obesity is now increasing problem among primary school children. Obesity duringchildhood has a consequence of obesity in the teen age. Approximately, one third of children withobesity will become obese in their older age.Objective:To examine the reliability of wrist circumference as an indicator of obesity, particularlyfor rapid assessment. Method: The analysis used data from the study on ”The development of nutrition educationintervention for primary school children from midlle economic class families (2001)”. The sample inthis study is primary school children age 9-12 years from several favorite schools in the city ofBogor West Java. The weight and height of 1990 children were collected during the study. Inaddition data of wrist circumference was collected by a simple method non numerical measure buta qualitatif. The method used was by connecting the thumb and the mid-finger of child’s right handon the wrist of child’s left hand. The method gives three condition: 1) Normal if the tips of thumband mid-finger touch each other and no space between wrist and the circle made by the thumband mid-finger, 2) Thin if the tips of thumb and mid-finger touch each other but there is spacebetween the wrist and the circle, and 3) overweight/obese if the tips thumb and mid-finger doesnot touch each other. Data on weight and height were converted into z-score weight-for-height (ZWH) based on WHO-NCHS standard, 1982. Kappa coefficient was obtained to evaluate thereliability of wrist circumference to Z-WH in identifying obesity among school children.Result: 76% of overweight/obese children and 95% of non-overweight/obese children could beidentified by using wrist circumference. The Kappa coefficient for the reliability test is 0,6 and is asufficiently reliable.Conclusion: Wrist circumference could be used as a simple tool for a rapid assesment orsceening of obesity among school children.Keywords:obesity, wrist circumference, weight-for-height Z-score, school children
RISIKO OSTEOPOROSIS DI INDONESIA Jahari, Abas Basuni; Prihatini, Sri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (140.142 KB)

Abstract

RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN INDONESIABackground: Osteoporosis is on of growing problems in the world which is related to ageingprocess. It is estimated that in the year 2050 around 50% bone fracture in Asia is associated withosteoporosis. However, epidemiological information about osteoporosis in Indonesia is still rarelyavailable.Objective: To provide information on the magnitude of osteoporosis in Indonesia.Method: In 1999 and 2003-2005 PT FBI carried free Bone Mineral Density (BMD) examination inseveral provinces of Indonesia. The total samples of 126,265 subjects were those who came tothe examination center set by the PT FBI. The equipment used to examine BMD is ”SaharaClinical Bone Sonometer”.Results: It is found that the proportion of risk of osteoporosis was 19.7 percent in 2002, 7.7percent in 2003, 7.0 percent in 2004 and 10.7persen in 2005. The pattern of the problem wassimilar from 2002 to 2005; the risk of osteoporosis is increasing following the ages. The proportionof osteophenia was higher than that of risk of osteoporosis. The proportion of osteophenia was36.0 percent in 2002, 46.8 percent in 2003, 46.5 percent in 2004 and 41.8 percent in 2005. Theproportion of risk of osteoporosis below 55 years of age was less in male than in female, howeverin the age of >= 55 years the proportion was higher in female than in male subjects.Conclusion: The proportion of risk of osteoporosis was less in 2005 than that in 2002. However,this figure is not an indication of decreasing problem of risk of osteoporosis, because the nature ofthe population distribution and sampling method did not provide evidence of representativenessfor the areas. The problem of ostephenia relatively did not change much from 36.0 percent in 2002to 41.8 percent in 2005 or around 40 percent. This means that four out of 10 elderly having risk ofdeveloping osteoporosis.Recommendation: Problem of osteoporosis should be taken care not only for older people butshould start from the younger age. To obtain more representative figures on osteoporosis a moreappropriate designed study needs to be carried out.Keywords: osteoporosis, osteophenia, bone mineral density
KECENDERUNGAN MASALAH GIZI BURUK DI INDONESIA Jahari, Abas Basuni
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 34, No 2 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (681.029 KB)

Abstract

Prevalensi  gizi  kurang  dan  buruk  menurut  BB/U  belum banyak  berubah  dari  sejak  krisis  hingga  kini, sementara  dana  untuk  program  perbaikan  gizi  semakin meningkat.  Revitalisasi  Posyandu  dan  Sistem Kewaspadaan  pangan  dan  Gizi  (SKPG)  untuk  penanggulangan  masalah  rawan  pangan  dan  gizi  di sebagian  besar  kabupaten  di  Indonesia  tidak  diimplementasikan.  Telaahan  ini  bertujuan  untuk mempelajari  beberapa  fakta  dari  hasil  analisis  data tentang  gizi  kurang  dan  gizi  buruk  yang  terjadi  diIndonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) Jawa Barat tahun 2004, Hasil Survei Gizi di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) pasca-Tsunami, 2005, dan survei masalah gizi mikro  di  7  provinsi  tahun  2006.  Hasil  menunjukkan  bahwa  dari  21,3  persen  anak  balita  yang  termasuk kategori rawan, 10 persen di antaranya sangat rawanuntuk menjadi status BB/U Rendah (Gizi Kurang). Kemudian, secara umum dari 32,9 persen anak balita berstatus BB/U Rendah yang ada pada posisi rawan, 13,2 persen di antaranya ada pada posisi sangat rawan untuk menjadi status BB/U Sangat Rendah (Gizi Buruk).  Berdasarkan  TB/U,  proporsi  anak  balita  dengan TB/U  Normal  yang  rawan  untuk  menjadi  status TB/U Pendek meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya umur. Secara umum 39,9 persen anak balita yang berstatus  TB/U  pendek  ada  pada  posisi  rawan,  di  antaranya 17,8  persen  ada  pada  posisi  sangat  rawan untuk  menjadi  status  TB/U  Sangat  Pendek.  Namun,  berdasarkan  BB/TB,  hanya  9  persen  anak  balita berstatus BB/TB Normal yang ada dalam posisi rawan,3,9  persen di antaranya ada pada posisi sangat rawan untuk menjadi status BB/TB Kurus. Karena jumlah anak balita berstatus gizi baik (normal) yang ada pada posisi rawan terus meningkat mengikuti pertambahan usia, maka upaya perbaikan gizi yang bersifat preventif sudah harus dilaksanakan sejak usia dini,tidak hanya untuk anak balita kurang gizi tetapi juga bagi  anak  balita  yang  dikategorikan  berstatus  gizi  baik.  Arah  kebijakan  pemerintah  hendaknya  melalui kegiatan  yang  bersifat  PREVENTIF  dan  PROMOTIF  yang  PROAKTIF,  harus  diimplementasikan  secara benar, baik di pusat maupun di daerah. Kata kunci: SKPG, Posyandu, status gizi
Co-Authors Hermina ., Hermina Jajah K. Husaini Sri Prihatini Ummi Kalsum