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Selection of High Oil Yielding Trees of Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi, Vegetative Propagation and Growth in the Field Arpiwi, Ni Luh; Sutha Negara, I Made; Simpen, I Nengah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 7, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.03.11

Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi is a potential legume tree that produces seed oil for biodiesel feedstock. The initial step for raising a large-scale plantation of the species is selection of high oil yielding trees from the natural habitat. This is followed by vegetative propagation of the selected trees and then testing the growth of the clone in the field.Â The aim of the present study was to select high-oil yielding trees of M. pinnata, to propagate the selected trees by budding and to evaluate the survival and growth of budded plants in the field. Pods were collected from 30 trees in Lovina Beach, Buleleng Regency, Bali. Oil was extracted from seeds using soxhlet with hexane as a solvent.Â The high oil yielding trees were propagated by budding using root stocks grown from M. pinnata seeds.Â Scions were taken from young branches of selected trees. Incision was made on rootstock and the same size of cut was made on a scion containing a single bud.Â The scion was inserted to the incision of rootstock then closed tightly using plastic strips.Â Â The plastic was removed when the scion grew into a little green shoot. One month after plastic removal, the scion union grew into a single shoot and then the budded plants were removed to polybags. Budded plants were planted in the field of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung Regency, Bali with 4 Ã— 4 spacing. Results showed all budded plants successfully grow new shoots. Two months after planting the survival of budded plants was 100%. Plant height increased by 22.13 cm, stem diameter increased by 2.43 mm and the number of compound leaf increased by 2.08.Â It can be concluded that four high oil yielding trees were selected from Lovina Beach and successfully propagated by budding. Survival of budded plants was 100% with vigorous growth.

KARAKTERISTIK HIDROKSIAPATIT HASIL EKSTRAKSI TERMAL DARI TULANG LIMBAH DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK ADSORPSI ION SELEKTIF BIRU METILEN I Made Sutha Negara; I Nengah Simpen
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 6 No 2 (2018): Volume 6, Nomor 2, 2018
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari karakteristik hidroksiapatit (TA) yang diekstraksi secara termal dan aplikasinya untuk adsorpsi ion selektif biru metilen. Karakteristik TA yang dipelajari adalah rasio Ca/P, kristalinitas dan ukuran partikel, keasaman dan kebasaan permukaan, situs aktif, serta luas permukaan. TA diekstraksi secara termal pada variasi suhu 400, 750, 950, dan 1100oC. Karakterisasi yield TA ditentukan secara gravimetri, Ca/P dianalisis secara laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), kristalinitas dan ukuran kristal secara difraksi sinar-X (X-ray diffraction, X-RD), keasaman dan kebasaan permukaan ditentukan secara titrasi asam-basa, situs aktif secara fourier transform infrared (FTIR), serta luas permukaan secara spektrometri UV-vis dari methylene blue method. Sementara, jumlah ion selektif biru metilan yang teradsorpsi ditentukan secara spektrometri UV-vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TA yang diekstraksi secara termal pada suhu 400oC paling baik karakteristiknya, yaitu rasio Ca/P paling mendekati standar (1,64 dibandingkan standar 1,67), berfasa kristal dengan ukuran rata-rata paling kecil (6,79 nm), jumlah situs aktif tertinggi (21,94 x 1020 situs/g), dan luas permukaan (Langmuir surface area) tertinggi (31,49 m2/gram) serta jumlah ion selektif biru metilen yang teradsorpsi rata-rata juga tertinggi yaitu 85,89%. TA tersebut potensial digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk ion biru metilen. Kata kunci: tulang sapi, hidroksiapatit, biru metilen, adsorpsi ABSTRACT: The aim of this research to study the characteristics of hydroxyapatite (TA) which was extracted thermally from bovine bone waste and its application to adsorption of methylene blue selective ions. Characteristics of TA were studied are Ca/P ratio, crystallinity and crystalline size, surface acidity and basicity, active sites, and Langmuir surface area. The TA is extracted thermally on temperatures variation of 400, 750, 950, and 1100oC. Characterization of Ca/P was done by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), crystallinity and crystalline size analyzed by X-ray diffraction (X-RD), surface acidity and basicity by acid-base titrations, fuctional groups by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), as well as Langmuir surface area with the methylene blue method analyzed by UV-vis spectrometric. Meanwhile, the amount of adsorbed methylene blue selective ions was determined by UV-vis spectrometric. The results showed that the TA extracted thermally at 400°C was the best characteristic, the Ca/P ratio was 1.64 closed to the standard (1.67), average crystalline size (6.79 nm), the highest amount of active sites (21.94 x 1020 sites/g), and the highest Langmuir surface area (31,49 m2/g) and the highest average amount of adsorbed methylene blue selective ions was 85.89%.

PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI ARANG DARI BATANG TANAMAN GUMITIR (Tagetes erecta) PADA BERBAGAI SUHU DAN WAKTU PIROLISIS I Made Siaka; Ni Putu Diana Febriyanti; Emmy Sahara; I Made Sutha Negara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 4 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan dan karakterisasi arang dari batang tanaman gumitir (Tagetes erecta) pada berbagai suhu dan waktu pirolisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh suhu dan waktu yang optimum dalam pembuatan arang serta mengetahui karakteristik arang yang dihasilkan pada suhu dan waktu optimumnya. Karakteristik arang mengacu pada SNI 06–3730-1995 dengan melakukan analisis terhadap kadar air, abu, volatile, dan karbon serta daya serapnya terhadap odine dan metilen biru. Suhu optimum pirolisis pembuatan arang adalah 300oC dengan karakteristik terbaik berupa rendemen, kadar air, volatile, abu, dan karbon berturut-turut sebesar 40,27 ±; 4,00 ± 0,00; 6,58 ± 0,07; 4,34 ± 1,22; dan 85,06%, serta daya serapnya terhadap iodin dan metilen biru sebesar 631,0935 ± 0,00 dan 131,34 ± 1,7 mg/g arang. Waktu pirolisis optimum adalah 90 menit dengan karakterisitik paling baik, yakni rendemen, kadar air, volatile, abu, dan karbon berturut-turut sebesar 42,30 ± 8,7; 2,00 ± 0,00; 2,87 ± 0,07; 9,68 ± 1,17; dan 85,44% serta daya serapnya terhadap iodin dan metilen biru sebesar 647,4642 ± 0,00 dan 136,20 ± 1,28 mg/g arang. Arang yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis pada suhu dan waktu optimum memiliki karakteristik yang sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995 memiliki gugus fungsi O-H dan berupa karbon alifatik. ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the manufacture and characterization of carbon made from the stems of marigold (Tagetes erecta) at various temperatures and times of pyrolysis. This research aimed to obtain the optimum temperature and time of pyrolising in producing carbon, as well asto recognize the characteristics of the carbon produced. Characteristics of the carbon quality followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-3730-1995 by analyzing the contents of water, volatile substances, ash, and carbon, as well as, the ability of the carbon in absorption capacities of iodine and methylene blue. The optimum pyrolysis temperature in producing carbon was 300oC with the best characteristics including result rendement, contents of water, volatile substances, ash, and carbon were 40,27 ± ; 4,00 ± 0,00; 6,58 ± 0,07; 4,34 ± 1,22, and 85,06%b/b respectively, as well as, the absorption capacities of iodine and methylene blue were 631,0935 ± 0,00 mg/g and 131,34 ± 1,7 mg/g respectively. The optimum time of pyrolysis in producing carbon was 90 minutes with the best characteristics including result rendement, contents of water, volatile substances, ash, and carbon were 42,30 ± 8,7; 2,00 ± 0,00; 2,87 ± 0,07; 9,68 ± 1,17; and 85,44% b/brespectively, as well as, the absorption capacities of iodine and methylene blue were 647,4642 ± 0,00and the 136,20 ± 1,28 mg/g respectively. The carbon produced from the optimum of pyrolysis temperature and time had characteristic in accordance with the SNI 06-3730-1995, it contained O-H functional group and it is in aliphatic structure.

REDUKSI ION KROMIUM HEKSAVALEN MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS ZEOLIT ALAM TEREMBANKAN TiO2 DAN RADIASI SINAR UV I Made Sutha Negara; I Nengah Simpen; Ewa Satriawijaya
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 2 (2019): volume 7, Nomor 2, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari kemampuan katalis zeolit alam terembankan TiO2 (zeolit alam/TiO2) untuk reduksi ion kromium heksavalen [Cr(VI)] pada variasi massa pengembanan TiO2 terhadap zeolit alam, variasi waktu penyinaran, dan variasi pH larutan Cr(VI). Selain itu, dipelajari pula keterkaitan antara persentase reduksi Cr(VI) terhadap karakteristik zeolit alam/TiO2 pada kondisi optimumnya. Katalis zeolit alam/TiO2 dianalisis asam-basa permukaan secara titrasi asam-basa, gugus fungsi permukann dengan fourier transform infrared (FTIR), luas permukaan secara sorpsi methylene blue, kristalinitas dan rerata ukuran kristal ditentukan dengan X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan morfologi permukaan dengan scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Jumlah Cr(VI) yang tereduksi dalam proses fotokatalisis dianalisis dengan spektroskopi UV-vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik terbaik diperoleh pada katalis zeolit alam/TiO2 (100:9). Kondisi optimum reduksi Cr(VI) oleh zeolit alam/TiO2 (100:9) diperoleh pada waktu penyinaran 60 menit dan pH larutan 1, dengan reduksi sebesar 94,73% lebih efektif dibandingkan TiO2 tunggal (77,09%). Katalis tersebut potensial digunakan untuk reduksi Cr(VI). Kata kunci: zeolit alam/TiO2, Cr(VI), fotokatalis, reduksi ABSTRACT: Research to study the ability of TiO2 inserted natural zeolite (natural zeolite/TiO2) for reduction of hexavalent chromium ions [Cr(VI)] on various massa of TiO2 insertion toward natural zeolite, irradiation time, and pH of Cr(VI) solution was done. The other hand, relationship of percentage Cr(VI) reduction to natural zeolite/TiO2 characteritics on its optimum condition could be determinated too. Catalyst of natural zeolite/TiO2 was analyzed surface acidity-basicity by acid-base titration method, surface fuctional groups by FTIR, surface area by sorption of methylene blue, crystallinity and mean crystal size by XRD, and surface morphology by SEM. The amount of Cr(VI) reduction in photocatalytic were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopic. Result showed that the catalyst of natural zeolite/TiO2 (100:9) had best characteristics. The optimum condition of Cr(VI) reduction were irradiation time of 60 minutes and pH 1, with percentage its reduction of 94.73% more effective than TiO2 catalyst (77.09%), which was potential to Cr(VI) reduction.

SINTESIS KOMPOSIT SELULOSA-POLIPROPILENA DENGAN REAGEN FENTON SEBAGAI AGEN PENGKOPLING I Nengah Simpen; I Made Sutha Negara
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 7, No. 1 Januari 2013
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

The research was conducted to observe of mixture ratio of cellulose from eceng gondok, concentrations of H2O2/Fe2+ (Fenton reagent), and concentrations of polypropylene from plastic garbage wich produced optimum condition to composite production with strong mechanics and biodegradable properties. This research was conducted by determination of optimum condition in composite forming of cellulose-PP. Steps performed within forming of cellulose-PP were (1) purification of plastic garbage to get polypropylene (PP); (2) cellulose extraction of from enceng gondok by alkaline extraction; continued with (3) composite forming of cellulose-PP through reaction of free radical with Fenton reagent as insiator. Determination of optimum conditions for the formation of cellulose-PP composite was conducted by varying some variables influencing the properties of mechanicals and biodegradability of cellulose-PP composite that is concentration ratio between cellulose and PP and concentration of H2O2. Composite of cellulosa-PP to be tested by mechanicals properties (elasticity modulus (MOE), breaking modulus (MOR), and density and also its ability of water absorption test and biodegradability test on dry land and wet land. The result gave optimum ratio of 1:3 and optimum concentration of H2O2 of 0.5%. Analysis of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) showed that the hardness of EG-PP was higner than with plastic PP and that insertion of cellulose molecule in composite was successful. Its optimum conditionthe EG-PP composite can adsorp 18.73% water and biodegradable properties.

PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT KROMIUM OKSIDA-MONTMORILLONIT I M. Sutha Negara; Karna Wijaya; Eko Sugiharto
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 2, No. 2 Juli 2008
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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The objectives of this research were to prepare montmorillonite and of chromium oxide-montmorillonitecomposite by intercalation of oxide of chrom into the silicates interlayer of montmorillonite, and to characterizesome of their physical and chemical properties. The characterization indicated that the basal spacing d001 wasincreased from 14,11 in montmorillonit to 15,55 in chromium oxide-montmorillonite; specific surface area wasincreased from 69,71 m2/g to 240,40 m2/g; total pore volume was also increased from 0,05 mL/g to 0,128 mL/g; andchrom content also increased from 0,007% (w/w) to 17,16 % (w/w).

POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI Ni Made Rica Dwi Adnyani; I Made Oka Adi Parwata; I Made Sutha Negara
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 11. No.2 Juli 2017
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Antioksidan merupakan suatu senyawa yang mampu menangkal atau meredam efek negatif oksidan dalam tubuh. Daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan alami karena mengandung metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun nangka yang dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan alami. Ekstraksi serbuk kering daun nangka dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol, sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode difenilpikril hidrazil. Ekstraksi 1000 gram serbuk daun nangka kering menghasilkan ekstrak kental n-heksana yang berwarna hijau sebanyak 19,60 gram, ekstrak etil asetat yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan sebanyak 21,04 gram dan ekstrak etanol yang berwarna coklat sebanyak 24,76 gram. Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol positif terdapat senyawa flavonoid. Total flavonoid pada ekstrak n-heksana 18,07 mg/100gr QE, ekstrak etil asetat 249,94 mg/100gr QE dan ekstrak etanol 422,90 mg/100gr QE. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak n-heksana memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 35,57 ppm, ekstrak etil asetat memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 48,48 ppm dan ekstrak etanol memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 12,65 ppm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat dan siap dikembangkan sebagai alternatif antioksidan alami.

ELEKTROLISIS LOGAM PERAK DARI LIMBAH PENCUCIAN FILM FOTOGRAFI I Made Sutha Negara; I Nengah Simpen; Ida Bagus Made Suryatika
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 11. No. 1 Januari 2017
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum pemisahan logam perak dari limbah film fotografi secara elektrolisis. Elektrolisis limbah film fotografi dilakukan dengan perlakuan 4 variasi bentuk (geometri) katoda pada luasan yang sama dan 5 variasi jarak elektroda pada tegangan dan arus konstan. Pada awal dan akhir setiap elektrolisis, parameter yang diukur adalah massa katoda secara gravimetri dan kandungan perak dalam limbah diukur dengan spektrofotometer serapan atom. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada optimasi bentuk elektroda, bentuk lempeng/plat memberikan penurunan konsentrasi yang paling tinggi (79,56% atau 0,3324 g) dibandingkan dengan katoda berbentuk silinder, balok dan prisma segi enam. Bentuk lempeng/plat dipilih sebagai elektroda dalam penentuan pengaruh variasi jarak terhadap persentase penurunan konsentrasi perak, massa perak yang menempel di katoda dan massa endapannya. Hasil variasi jarak elektroda pada katoda lempeng/plat, terbaik menunjukkan pada jarak 2 cm dengan pemisahan paling tinggi yaitu 79,99%. Perak yang dapat dipisahkan tidak seluruhnya menempel pada katoda setelah elektrolisis, melainkan perak dominan mengendap

SINTESIS KOMPOSIT SELULOSA SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU KAMPER-LIMBAH PLASTIK LDPE (LOW DENSITY POLIETHYLENE) DENGAN REAGEN FENTON SEBAGAI AGEN PENGKOPLING Hudi Nurwendi; I Nengah Simpen; I Made Sutha Negara
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 10, No. 1 Januari 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

This research was on the synthesis of cellulose composites from camphor wood sawdust with LDPE waste (cellulose-LDPE) and Fenton reagent (H2O2/Fe2+) as the coupling agent. This study was divided into three steps: preparation, variation of LDPE composition and H2O2 concentration, and characterization. Preparation was done with cellulose extraction of sawdust and LDPE plastic waste purification. Variation was performed to determine the effect of compositions of LDPE on composites celullose-LDPE and H2O2 concentration on Fenton reagent. Characterization was done by testing the physical properties and functional groups using FTIR analysis. The best values of the physical property were obtained from cellulose-LDPE composition ratio of 1:5 on 1.5% H2O2. These were MOE (Modulus of Elasticity) of 12.71 MPa, MOR (Modulus of Rupture) of 200.24 MPa and density of 0.7936 g/cm. FTIR analysis showed the higher the composition of LDPE, the higher the wavenumber for OH and the increase of H2O2 concentration increased the C-H wavenumber functional groups.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SENYAWA TRITERPEN DARI DAUN TREMBESI (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr) TERHADAP Escherichia coli I Gede Putra Sedana; Wiwik Susnah Rita; I Made Suthanegara
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 10, No. 2 Juli 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa triterpen dari daun trembesi (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr) dan uji aktivitasnya terhadap Escherichia coli (E.coli) telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik senyawa triterpen yang terdapat dalam daun trembesi serta aktivitasnya terhadap E.coli. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dan partisi, pemisahan senyawa dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom, sedangkan uji aktivitas terhadap E.coli dengan metode difusi cakram, dan identifikasi dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) dan Inframerah. Sebanyak 1 kg serbuk kering daun trembesi dimaserasi dengan etanol menghasilkan 73,38 g ekstrak pekat etanol. Ekstrak pekat etanol dilarutkan dengan etanol: air (3:7), kemudian etanol diuapkan sehingga diperoleh ekstrak air. Ekstrak air dipartisi dengan n-heksana dan kloroform sehingga diperoleh ekstrak n-heksana, kloroform dan air, selanjutnya ekstrak n-heksana, kloroform, dan air diuji dengan pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform mengandung triterpen. Ekstrak n-heksana dan kloroform selanjutnya diuji aktivitanya terhadap E.coli. Hasil uji aktivitas ekstrak n-heksana dan kloroform terhadap E.coli pada konsentrasi yang diterapkan (15% b/v), tidak menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap E.coli. Pemisahan kromatografi kolom dengan eluen etil asetat : kloroform : n-heksana (4 : 2 : 2) diperoleh lima isolat namun hanya isolat C (Rf 0,58) yang memberikan hasil positif mengandung senyawa triterpen. Hasil uji kemurnian menunjukkan bahwa isolat relatif murni secara KLT. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometer inframerah menunjukkan bahwa isolat diduga mengandung gugus fungsi –OH terikat, CH alifatik, C-H aldehid, C=O, C=C alifatik, dan C-O alkohol, serta memberikan puncak pada panjang gelombang 279,40 nm dengan absorbansi 0,714. Hasil uji isolat terhadap E.coli tidak menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap bakteri E.coli.

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