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A LEGAL ANALYSIS ON FOOD SECURITY UNDER INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Amalia Zuhra
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 43, No 4 (2014): Masalah-Masalah Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Food security is a global issue and a concern of the international community . Food security is related to many aspects, such as economic, social , cultural , and environmental . Linkages with food security and environmental sustainability are closely inseparable . Balanced environment will help achieve sustainable food security . On the other hand , efforts to achieve food security must be environmentally sustainable . International environmental law governing food security in several instruments both " hard law" or " soft law " . Implementation of the present international environmental law can help to achieve sustainable food security. Keywords : Food Security, Agriculture, International Environmental Law. Ketahanan pangan merupakan permasalahan global dan menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional. Ketahanan pangan terkait dengan banyak aspek di dalamnya, seperti ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan lingkungan. Keterkaitan ketahanan pangan dengan kelestarian lingkungan sangat erat dan tidak terpisahkan. Lingkungan yang seimbang akan membantu tercapainya ketahanan pangan yang lestari. Di lain pihak, upaya pencapaian ketahanan pangan harus memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Hukum lingkungan internasional mengatur tentang ketahanan pangan dalam beberapa instrumen baik yang bersifat “hard law” maupun “soft law”. Pengimplementasian hukum lingkungan inetrnasional dapat membantu tercapainya ketahanan pangan yang lestari. Kata kunci: Ketahanan Pangan , Pertanian , Hukum Lingkungan Internasional

PENGGUNAAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM PERANG DARI ASPEK PRINSIP PEMBEDAAN Muhammad Fikri Ridwansyah; Amalia Zuhra
terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

This review plans to discover more with regards to the standard of segregation, disclose to theperuser what Artificial Intelligence in war can be and relate the conversation to the guideline ofseparation to discover what utilization of Artificial Intelligence in war is allowed. This examinationhas a place with the sort of graphic exploration. The improvement of science and innovationcauses many changes that happen on the planet in different fields of human existence. Manmade consciousness innovation or normally called Artificial Intelligence (AI), is verification thathuman development keeps on advancing. By and large, this innovation is utilized in day to dayexistence, for example, the utilization of cell phones, brilliant TVs, and keen vehicles. In anycase, Artificial Intelligence innovation isn't simply restricted to daily existence, yet in addition inthe tactical field, Artificial Intelligence is utilized. Man-made consciousness frameworks incorporate military things like robots, drones, and surprisingly military hacking applications.Computerized reasoning itself doesn't have explicit principles from any global guidelines, yet wecan allude to Article 36 of Additional Protocol I of 1977, which in that article clarifies theadaptability of philanthropic law since its guidelines observe the advancement of science andinnovation. As far as the guideline of differentiation, be that as it may, no occupant of the tasteought to be the casualty of hacking or different things brought about by this Artificial Intelligence

PENGGUNAAN BAHAN KIMIA DALAM PERTANIAN YANG BERDAMPAK PADA PERUBAHAN IKLIM: TINJAUAN MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Amalia Zuhra
Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Hukum Prioris Volume 9 Nomor 1 Tahun 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/prio.v9i1.16642

Perubahan iklim berdampak buruk terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan dan sektor pembangunan, diantaranya sektor pertanian, dan dikhawatirkan akan mendatangkan masalah baru bagi keberlanjutan produksi pertanian, terutama tanaman pangan. Revolusi Hijau membuat petani lebih banyak menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida kimia. Pertanian adalah salah satu sumber utama emisi metana dan dinitrogen oksida. Selain kontribusinya terhadap pemanasan global, pertanian memiliki efek merugikan lainnya terhadap lingkungan. Permasalahan dalam artikel ini ialah apakah ketentuan internasional tentang penggunaan bahan kimia pada pertanian berdampak signifikan dalam upaya mengatasi perubahan iklim dan upaya apakah yang dapat dilakukan negara dalam membatasi penggunaan bahan kimia untuk pertanian? Artikel ini ditulis melalui penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa laju perubahan iklim masih mengkhawatirkan sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen hukum yang ada masih belum cukup efektif untuk menahan laju perubahan iklim. Kata kunci: Bahan Kimia Berbahaya, Hukum Lingkungan Internasional, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Perubahan Iklim, Pertanian

PENCEMARAN YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH TUMPAHAN MINYAK DARI KAPAL MV. WAKASHIO DI PERAIRAN MAURITIUS DITINJAU DARI HUKUM LINGKUNGAN INTERNASIONAL: Pollution Caused by Oil Spill From MV. Wakashio in Mauritius Waters Viewed From International Environmental Law Erprido Goklas; Amalia Zuhra
AMICUS CURIAE Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Amicus Curiae
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/amicus.v2i2.22861

It is the responsibility of the government of a country to take all necessary steps to make sure that activities that are done within its jurisdiction do not cause pollution to other countries. The role of the MV Wakashio ship as the cause of water pollution in Mauritius. In this research, one legal identification problem is how the Japanese government is responsible for the transboundary pollution caused by the oil spill from the Bulk Carrier in the waters of Mauritius. This legal research is normative legal research that emphasizes data and information from literature. This study found that the pollution in the waters caused by a leaking bulk carrier that spilled oil in the sea off Mauritius should be held accountable by the Japanese shipping company. Japan has provided appropriate compensation to address marine pollution in accordance with Mauritius's request. This case will be reviewed under the rules of UNCLOS 1982, LLMC 1986, CLC 1992, and the 2001 Bunker Convention.

PERDAGANGAN ILEGAL PENYU SISIK (ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA) DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR BERDASARKAN CITES 1973: Illegal Trade of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys Imbricata) in East Kalimantan Based on CITES 1973 Fiona Fatianisa; Amalia Zuhra
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v7i2.22805

The illegal trade of hawksbill turtles is an act prohibited by the CITES Convention of 1973. This Convention aims to protect threatened wildlife and biodiversity. The illicit trade of hawksbill turtles in East Kalimantan warrants serious attention due to the declining population of hawksbill turtles, which is deemed a violation of regulations. The issue revolves around the effectiveness of law enforcement against the illegal trade of hawksbill turtles in East Kalimantan based on the CITES Convention of 1973 and Indonesia’s responsibility in the case of unlawful hawksbill turtle trade in East Kalimantan under the Convention. This research adopts a normative legal research approach, with a descriptive nature and deductive reasoning to conclude. The result and conclution of the article that activities are illegal because the trade of hawksbill turtles is only permitted for scientific research purposes. This action highlights Indonesia’s need to enforce laws and impose sanctions on offenders in line with legal provisions. Indonesia holds strict liability due to proven negligence and must provide restitution as a form of compensation.

PENERAPAN PRINSIP POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE DALAM PENCEMARAN MIKROPLASTIK: Implementation Of Polluter Pays Principle In Microplastic Pollution Cena Lucia Uli; Amalia Zuhra
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v7i3.23434

This study discusses the application of the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) in addressing microplastic pollution, which has a significant impact on the environment, human health, and the global economy. Microplastics, which originate from the incomplete decomposition of plastics, are widespread in soil, water, and air, and enter the human food chain. This raises the problem formulation in this article: What is the impact of microplastic pollution on the marine environment? How can the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) regulate this pollution? The type of research used is a normative method with a descriptive approach, based on secondary data analysis in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The PPP principle, as stipulated in the 1992 Rio Declaration and supported by various national and international regulations, requires polluters to be responsible for environmental recovery costs. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the PPP can provide a deterrent effect for polluters and encourage the reduction of single-use plastics, innovation in environmentally friendly technologies, and funding for waste management. However, challenges such as the difficult-to-trace nature of microplastics and their global distribution require more intensive international cooperation and specific regulations.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KANADA ATAS POLUSI UDARA DI KOTA NEW YORK BARDASARKAN CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION 1979: Canada’s Responsibility for Air Pollution in New York City Under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution 1979 Eugine Vine Okteriani; Amalia Zuhra
AMICUS CURIAE Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Amicus Curiae
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/amicus.v2i3.23993

Forest fires have become an annual disaster that continues to occur in various parts of the world. The 2023 forest fires in Canada were considered severe. The 2023 wildfire season in Canada was extraordinary, with more than 5,700 fire incidents having burned 13.7 million hectares by August 16, 2023, since the start of the fire season. The identified issue is whether Canada should be held responsible for air pollution in New York under the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and whether the measures taken by Canada to address air pollution in New York have been in accordance with the provisions of the 1979 CLRTAP. The method employed is normative legal research, a descriptive-analytical approach that utilizes secondary data, incorporates qualitative data analysis, and employs deductive reasoning. The results of the study indicate that Canada should be held responsible for the air pollution in New York City, as Canada has fulfilled the elements of state responsibility as stipulated by the 1979 CLRTAP, and that Canada’s measures have complied with the convention through international cooperation.

Ruling Second-hand Clothes Trade: An Analysis of International Environmental Law Amalia Zuhra; Arlina Permanasari; Gisca Nurannisa; Idris, Siti Hafsyah; Nasywaan, Muhammad Falih
Lentera Hukum Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v12i2.42643

The second-hand clothing trade has emerged as a significant global industry, with the export and import of used clothing playing a vital role in the worldwide economy. However, the environmental impact of this trade has become a significant concern, particularly in developing countries that receive large quantities of used clothing. Reusing used clothing can be motivated by various considerations, such as charity, economic issues, reducing emissions and water use, and as benefits for prisoners during wartime. However, it is still unclear how much it can improve the sustainability of the apparel sector. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's most recent estimates, Americans dumped more than 21 billion pounds of clothing and other textiles into landfills in 2015. This amount is a significant increase from 12.5 billion pounds in 2000 and 4.6 billion pounds in 1980. Yet the proliferation of the inexpensive, disposable clothing known as "fast fashion" is one of the many environmental issues the apparel sector faces, along with water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Through normative library research using secondary data, this article examines the current international regulatory frameworks on the second-hand clothing trade and its environmental impacts. The finding highlights the importance of engaging stakeholders, including governments, NGOs, and the private sector, in developing more effective regulations and practices to regulate the environmental impact of the second-hand clothing trade. This article recommends more significant attention to the environmental effects of the second-hand clothing trade and for international regulations to be developed to promote more sustainable and responsible practices in this industry.Keywords: International Law, Enviromental Law, Thrifting Policy.

PEMBANGUNAN JURASSIC PARK DI PULAU KOMODO BERDASARKAN WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION 1972 Irfanto Norchamahdi; Amalia Zuhra
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i1.15402

In 2020 a Geopark will be built that carries the Jurassic Park concept which has caused a lot of polemic in the community, whether the development is said to violate the provisions of the World Heritage Convention. This requires the government to make efforts to preserve the Komodo dragon as an endangered species. The problem is whether the construction of the Komodo Island Jurassic Park violates the provisions of the 1972 World Heritage Convention and what efforts need to be made to protect and preserve Komodo dragons? The article is normative research methods were carried out. Data processing is done qualitatively and conclusions is done using deductive methods. The results of the research and discussion are that the development of the Komodo National Park is an integrated and well-planned planned infrastructure regeneration which includes the design of areas, routes, supply of clean water, waste management, cleaning, and rejuvenation of human settlements. Jurassic Park Komodo National Park will not have a negative impact but a positive impact because the goal is to protect the diversity of the earth through conservation. 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Living Natural Resources and their Ecosystems.

Perlindungan Gajah Sumatera di Aceh Berdasarkan Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 Crisdayanti Sutanto; Amalia Zuhra
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i2.16423

An animal bearing the designation of endangered species is the Sumatran elephant. These creatures' extinction is being brought on by the alteration of their environment for human usage. The formulation of the research's problem is whether or not the opening of land for oil palm plantations harms the habitat of Sumatran elephants in Aceh and what steps should be taken to protect them there in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD 1992). The government has implemented a variety of policies and oversees them with the help of the local community and other stakeholders

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