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All Journal MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment)
A Kasim
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science

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Diminishing Chromium Use on Combined Chromium-Gambier Tanning Process Upon the Characteristics of Tanned Leather A Kasim; D Novia; S Mutiar; A efendi
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (385.948 KB) | DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2014.37.1.24

Abstract

The research was aimed to investigate the influence of minimizing chromium use on combined chromium-gambier process upon the characteristics of tanned leather. At the first stage of tanning process, chromium was used and in the second stage it was replaced by gambier. The raw material used was dried saline-preserved goat skin. The treatments applied on the tanning process were the different concentrations of chromium ranging from the highest level of 6% to the lowest level of 1% which was then re-tanned by using 8% concentration of gambier. The examination parameters included chemical and physical properties as well as visual investigation on the tanned leather in accordance with SNI-06-0463-1989-A. The result showed that the tanning process by using 2% chromium in the first step and 8% gambier in the second step was a treatment combination producing tanned leather that met the standard. The examination on tanned leather resulted from such treatment showed 56.33% rawhide, 17.45% of bound tannin, 31.22% of tanning level, tensile strength 386.30 kg/cm2, flexibility 31.91%, leather width 1.3 mm, density 0.75 g/cm3, the leather was quite elastic with light brownish color. In conclusion, minimizing the use of chromium in the combined tanning process of chromium and gambier can be implemented to the lowest of 2% chromium concentration and 8% gambier in the first and second step, respectively. Key words: gambier, leather, minimizing chromium, tanning
Resistance of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 Encapsulated in Microcrystalline Cellulose from Palm Leaf Waste to Acidic Conditions Across Various Temperatures and Storage Durations" Firdaus, Royyan; Kasim, A; Kasim, F
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v8i2.412

Abstract

Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 is a probiotic bacterium with limited tolerance to acidic environments, bile fluids, and high temperatures, necessitating physical protection via microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) encapsulation derived from palm leaf waste. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of encapsulated probiotic bacteria under acidic conditions at various temperatures and storage durations to identify the optimal storage temperature. A factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors was employed: storage temperature (room temperature, 4°C, and -18°C) and storage time (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days). The results indicated that storage time and the interaction between storage time and temperature significantly affected the total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count. However, temperature alone and its interaction with storage time did not significantly impact the percentage reduction in the number of encapsulated Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 at pH 2. Overall, encapsulated bacteria stored at various temperatures demonstrated comparable bacterial resistance..
Resistance of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 Encapsulated in Microcrystalline Cellulose from Palm Leaf Waste to Acidic Conditions Across Various Temperatures and Storage Durations" Firdaus, Royyan; Kasim, A; Kasim, F
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v8i2.412

Abstract

Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 is a probiotic bacterium with limited tolerance to acidic environments, bile fluids, and high temperatures, necessitating physical protection via microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) encapsulation derived from palm leaf waste. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of encapsulated probiotic bacteria under acidic conditions at various temperatures and storage durations to identify the optimal storage temperature. A factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors was employed: storage temperature (room temperature, 4°C, and -18°C) and storage time (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days). The results indicated that storage time and the interaction between storage time and temperature significantly affected the total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count. However, temperature alone and its interaction with storage time did not significantly impact the percentage reduction in the number of encapsulated Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 at pH 2. Overall, encapsulated bacteria stored at various temperatures demonstrated comparable bacterial resistance..
Co-Authors A efendi D Novia Kasim, F Royyan Firdaus S Mutiar