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Pengaruh Jarak Penyekat dalam Fotobioreaktor Tubular terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur Mikroalga Ankistrodesmus convulutus Tjandra Chrismadha; Tenni Rustiani; Rosidah Rosidah; Yayah Mardiati
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 12, No 1 (2007): February 2007
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v12i1.2530

A series of partition was constructed inside a vertical tubular photobioreactor to control the culture distribution in obtaining intermittent exposure to light area in the surface of the tubular column. A microalga, Ankistrodesmus convulutus, was grown in a batch mode in the reactor with PHM medium, light sources of fluorescent lamp 3 x 40 watt (I = 5.500 lux on the surface of the tubular) and room temperature of 27 – 310C. The experiment was carried out to study the influence of partition density which was constructed at varied distance, which were 1, 2 and 3 inch on the growth and biochemical composition of the alga. A vertical tubular photobioreactor without partition was applied as the control. The partition density did not significantly affect the optical density achievement of the culture, but it significantly affected the biomass and chlorophyll concentration, as well as the protein/carbohydrate ratio of the culture. It is believed that the intermittent exposure of algal cell to the light area leads to sincronization of the light and dark reaction of the photosynthesis, as well as to vapor the catalitic proccesses to develop the functional cell structure.

The Irradiance Optimation for Growing Spirulina fusiformis: Biomass, Phycocyanin, and Protein Production Awalina Satya; Tjandra Chrismadha; Ika Atman Satya
Indonesian Journal of Limnology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Limnology
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Limnology

The optimization of cyanobacterium microalgae cultivation technology to provide the need for food or feedstocks has recently attracted many investigators. An optimum operation on microalgae cultivation is important to reduce the excessive workload on the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study describes how the varied irradiance (2000 lux, 4000 lux, 6000 lux, 8000 lux, and 10,000 lux) treatments on a bubble column photobioreactor system affected biomass production, phycocyanin, and protein from cyanobacterium Spirulina fusiformis. The objective of this study was to obtain the optimum irradiance for producing maximum biomass, phycocyanin, and protein simultaneously. The results demonstrated some findings those were: 1) irradiance 10,000 lux made doubling time of growth earliest (only 24 hours) while 2,000 lux doubled within five days later; 2) light response curve showed that the increase of biomass concentration was linear with the increasing of irradiance; 3) a predictive model (Response Surface Method) proof that the most optimum quantity of the biomass (0.58 ±0.035 gL-1 dry weight), chlorophyll-a (0.090 ±0.023 % dry weight), and phycocyanin (2.44 ±0.00 gL-1 dry weight) were obtained on 10,000 lux, while protein contents of 79.18±5.47 % dry weight attained on the irradiance of 6000 lux. The maximum productivity of the biomass, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and protein was ~Pbiomass of 24.95 mgL-1day-1; Pchl-a of 2.25E-02 mgL-1day-1; Pphycocyanin of 1.88E-02 mgL-1day-1; and Pprotein of 17.56 mgL-1day-1. Enhancement of irradiance up to 5 folds lead to the increasing of biomass chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and protein productivity, attained to 1.7, 5.01, 4.13, and 2.81 folds, respectively. The irradiance had a significant influence on the production of the metabolites; therefore, the irradiance must be optimized.

Growth of the water fleas Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) at different trophic levels of two small urban lakes in Indonesia Livia Rossila Tanjung; Tjandra Chrismadha; Eva Nafisyah
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2023.1099

Nutrient enrichment in waters that has become a major environmental problem is related to excessive loading of nutrients into aquatic ecosystems. This nutrient enrichment, called eutrophication, favors phytoplankton growth, which can function as a natural daphnid feed. This study examined the growth performance of the water fleas Daphnia magna in water collected from small lakes (ponds) of different trophic levels. The water was taken from Situ Rawa Kalong, considered eutrophic from its dark green color, and the less eutrophic Situ Cibuntu with relatively clear water. Daphnids were grown in six aquaria filled with water from both ponds without artificial feeding with an initial density of five individuals/L. Samples of daphnids were taken every three to four days to observe their growth and reproduction, along with water samples to analyze the chlorophyll content and total suspended solids (TSS). The result showed that the eutrophic water of Situ Rawa Kalong favored phytoplankton growth, indicated by a consistently higher chlorophyll content in the water ranging from 35.3 to 140.7 μg/L compared to less eutrophic water of Situ Cibuntu with chlorophyll content ranging from 1.4 to 13.2 μg/L throughout the experiment. A much higher daphnid density of 151.7 individuals/L was achieved with more water chlorophyll content, meaning phytoplankton availability became a controlling factor for daphnid growth in the pond waters. This study reveals the functional relationships in the food chain between the water trophic level, the abundance of phytoplankton as the primary producer, and daphnids as the first-order predator. It also suggests that the open water trophic level can be managed to favor the daphnid growth, which can then be harvested for use as natural feed.

Growth of the water fleas Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) at different trophic levels of two small urban lakes in Indonesia Livia Rossila Tanjung; Tjandra Chrismadha; Eva Nafisyah
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2023.1099

Nutrient enrichment in waters that has become a major environmental problem is related to excessive loading of nutrients into aquatic ecosystems. This nutrient enrichment, called eutrophication, favors phytoplankton growth, which can function as a natural daphnid feed. This study examined the growth performance of the water fleas Daphnia magna in water collected from small lakes (ponds) of different trophic levels. The water was taken from Situ Rawa Kalong, considered eutrophic from its dark green color, and the less eutrophic Situ Cibuntu with relatively clear water. Daphnids were grown in six aquaria filled with water from both ponds without artificial feeding with an initial density of five individuals/L. Samples of daphnids were taken every three to four days to observe their growth and reproduction, along with water samples to analyze the chlorophyll content and total suspended solids (TSS). The result showed that the eutrophic water of Situ Rawa Kalong favored phytoplankton growth, indicated by a consistently higher chlorophyll content in the water ranging from 35.3 to 140.7 μg/L compared to less eutrophic water of Situ Cibuntu with chlorophyll content ranging from 1.4 to 13.2 μg/L throughout the experiment. A much higher daphnid density of 151.7 individuals/L was achieved with more water chlorophyll content, meaning phytoplankton availability became a controlling factor for daphnid growth in the pond waters. This study reveals the functional relationships in the food chain between the water trophic level, the abundance of phytoplankton as the primary producer, and daphnids as the first-order predator. It also suggests that the open water trophic level can be managed to favor the daphnid growth, which can then be harvested for use as natural feed.

PENYISIHAN NUTRIEN DENGAN KULTUR Eichornia Crassipes DALAM AIR LIMBAH KOLAM IKAN RESIRKULASI SEMI TERTUTUP Awalina Satya; Tjandra Chrismadha; Fachmijany Sulawesty; Gunawan P. Yoga; Yayah Mardiyati
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2014.13284

Air Limbah kolam ikan resirkulasi memiliki karakteristik yang mirip dengan perairan eutrofik sehingga tidak aman untuk dibuang ke perairan umum secara langsung. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi kemampuan tiga variasi kepadatan eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) untuk memperbaiki kualitas air limbah kolam ikan resirkulasi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk 1) mengungkapkan dinamika kualitas air dalam â€œbatch cultureâ€ 2) kinetika laju reduksi nutrien nitrogenik-fosforik dan konstituen pencemar lainnya, dan 3) efektifitas penyisihan nutrien. Eksperimen terdiri atas empat bak plastik, B1, B2, B3 dan B4. Bak B1 merupakan kontrol, hanya berisi air limbah tanpa eceng gondok. Bak B2, B3 dan B4 berisi eceng gondok dengan kepadatan awalnya berturut-turut adalah 1.618,40 gram/m2; 2.436,51 gram/m2 ; dan 3.243,93 gram/m2. Percobaan dilakukan selama empat hari. Pengukuran pH,Oksigen terlarut (Dissolved Oxygen,DO), konduktifitas, suhu, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), dan % DO saturation dilakukan tiga kali sehari pada jam 09.00-09.30 ; 12.00-12.30 dan 16.00-16.30, sedangkan Senyawa nutrien nitrogenik (N-NH3+; N-NO2-; N-NO3-, Total Nitrogen (TN)), fosfor (TP), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Total Organic Matter (TOM) dianalisis dua kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari. Reduksi parameter konduktifitas,TDS, nutrien, nitrogenik, dan fosforik dalam bak-bak yang ditumbuhi eceng gondok mengikuti model kinetika order pertama. Kepadatan eceng gondok ideal adalah 2.436,51 gram/m2 (bak B3) karena menghasilkan pertambahan densitas yang paling tinggi (147,13 gram/m2). Bak berisi eceng gondok paling efektif menyisihkan turbiditas (94,28%-100%), N-nitrit (98,21%-98,93%), TP (92,86%-93,62%), N-nitrat (58,33%-83,33%), TN (59,46%-66,06%), N-ammonia (18.82%-46,88%) dan konduktifitas (16,34%-23,54%). Seluruh perlakuan dan kontrol terbukti tidak efektif untuk menyisihkan material organik.

LAJU PERTUMBUHAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio L) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN LEMNA (Lemna perpusilla TORR.) SEGAR PADA KOLAM SISTEM ALIRAN TERTUTUP Fachmijany Sulawesty; Tjandra Chrismadha; Endang Mulyana
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2014.13286

Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja budidaya perikanan melalui pemanfaatan pakan alternative yang murah dan ramah lingkungan. Pakan alternatif yang dipilih adalah jenis tumbuhan air, lemna (Lemna perpusilla Torr) yang dikultur secaraintegratif pada suatu sistem produksi perikanan sehingga mempunyai fungsi sebagai sumberpakan alami sekaligus menyerap bahan pencemar kegiatan budidaya. Pengamatan inibertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian lemna segar terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan mas(Cyprinus carpio L) pada kolam sistem aliran tertutup. Biomassa lemna segar digunakan untukmengantikan pellet pada porsi setara 50% dari berat kering pakan yang diberikan pada ikanmas sebanyak 3% dari berat badannya per hari. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 24 minggu.Ukuran berat awal ikan mas rata-rata 4,75 - 6,5 g dngan padat penebaran100 ekor per wadah.Parameter pengamatan adalah berat rata-rata ikan,, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversipakan, faktor kondisi, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan. Pemberian campuran lemna segarpada pakan ikan mas memberikan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar2,00 %/hari, dibandingkan dengan yang hanya diberi pakan pellet (1,75 %/hari). Berat ratarata,nilai konversi pakan, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan yang diberi pakan campuranlemna segar bertutut-turut: 162,7 g, 2,00, dan 64 %, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ikanyang diberi ransum pellet saja (berturut-turut 108,9 g, 3,34, dan 61 %). Pertumbuhan ikanbersifat allometrik negatif (nilai b < 3) dengan nilai b pada ikan yang diberi pakan campuranpellet dan lemna segar lebih tinggi (2,737) dibandingkan dengan ikan yang diberi pakan pelletsaja (2,537). Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh positif pemberian lemna segar yaitudapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan mas. Pemanfaatan biomassa lemna segar untukcampuran pakan ikan mas dapat meningkatkan efisiensi produksi pada usaha budidaya ikanmas.

POLA PEMANGSAAN FITOPLANKTON OLEH ZOOPLANKTON DAPHNIA MAGNA Tjandra Chrismadha; Mey Ristanti Widoretno
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2016.13318

Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji hubungan trofik zooplankton-fitoplankton pada sekala laboratorium. Percobaan dilakukan di ruang laboratorium dengan atap polikarbonat semi-transparan, menggunakan 4 buah bak fiberglas konical volume 750 LÂ diisi air dipupuk masing-masing dengan pellet ikan untuk media tumbuh fitoplankton. Daphnia (Daphnia magna) masing-masing 20 ekor/L dimasukan kedalam 2 bak konikal, sementara 2 bak yang lainnya dibiarkan tanpa daphnia untuk kontrol pengamatan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter komposisi jenis fitoplankton dan kandungan klorofil air medianya.Hasil percobaan ini memperlihatkan hubungan trofik, yaitu hubungan mangsa-pemangsa antara fitoplankton sebagai organisme produsen dan daphnia sebagai organisme konsumen tingkat pertama. Daphnia mempunyai 2 kriteria dalam memilih mangsanya, yaitu status taksa dan kesesuaian ukuran tubuhnya.Euglenophyta merupakan kelompok taksa fitoplankton yang pertama dimangsa oleh daphnia sebelum memilih kelompok taksa lainnya. Demikian juga daphnia lebih memilih jenis-jenis fitoplankton yang bersel tunggal dan berukuran relative kecil.

LAJU KONSUMSI TUMBUHAN AIR MATA LELE (Lemna perpusilla) OLEH IKAN NILA (Oreochromis sp.) DENGAN PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA Tjandra Chrismadha; Endang Mulyana
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2019.13361

Salah satu segmen rantai makanan pada suatu ekosistem perairan adalah hubungan pemangsaan tumbuhan air oleh ikan herbivora. Pada penelitian ini dikaji laju pemangsaan tumbuhan air mata lele (Lemna perpussila)Â oleh jenis ikan herbivoraÂ nila (Oreochromis sp.). Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium. Ikan nila dipelihara pada 6 buah bak fiberglass ukuran 2 x 1 x 1,2 m3 dengan kedalaman air 1 m, yang diletakkan sejajar. Air dialirkan secara sistem aliran tertutup menggunakan 2 pompa, yang mengalirkan air dari kedua sisi bak ke bagian tengah dan kembali ke bak di pinggir melalui sistem pipa U. Jatuhan air diatur untuk menjaga kandungan oksigen terlarut >3 mg/L. Â Anakan ikan nila 16,9 Â± 0,5 g dipelihara dengan kepadatan bervariasi, 5 ekor, 10 ekor, dan 20 ekor per bak. Biomassa tumbuhan mata lele segar diberikan secara ad libitum sebagai pakan tunggal, yaitu dengan memberikan stok pakan di permukaan air kultur dan menambahkannya secara terukur setiap kali habis. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 114 hari, Â terhadap pertumbuhan ikan dan jumlah pakan yang diberikan. Data yg diperoleh selanjutnya diolah untuk mendapatkan laju tumbuh Â dan jumlah pakan harian dan kemudian dihitung laju konsumsi ikan terhadap biomassa tumbuhan airnya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa laju konsumsi tertinggi terjadi pada ukuran ikan kecil dan kepadatan rendah, yaitu 63,46 % dari berat tubuh per hari, yaitu pada kapadatan kultur 5 ekor/bak pada hari ke-6, pada saat ikan berukuran sekitar 20 g/ekor. Laju konsumsi ini menurun sejalan dengan pertambahan berat badan dan kepadatan kultur, dimana laju konsumsi terendah teramati adalah 24,17% dari berat tubuh ikan per hari, pada saat ukuran ikan mencapai rata-rata 125,7 g/ekor pada kultur dengan kepadatan 5 ekor/bak. Hasil pengamatan juga memperlihatkan kepadatan ikan mengurangi laju konsumsi ikan nila terhadap biomassa mata lele.

Potensi Wolffia globosa dan Lemna perpusilla (Lemnaceae) sebagai Pakan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) sutrisno - sutrisno; Tjandra Chrismadha; Novi Mayasari
LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/limnotek.2021.13381

The Potential of Wolffia globosa and Lemna perpusilla (Lemnaceae) as Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Feed. Efforts to find alternative feeds, particularly those of cheap and readily available natural feeds, are continuously being made to improve the efficiency of fish farming. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using two types of aquatic plants from the Lemnaceae group, Wolffia globosa and Lemna perpusilla, as alternative feeds in the cultivation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish was reared in nine aquaria measuring 60 × 40 × 40 cm, with a closed water recirculation system placed in a greenhouse. The aquatic plants were provided ad libitum while commercial pellets as control and comparison were given at 3% of the body weight, each with three replications. Observations on fish growth rate and feed efficiency were carried out every two weeks for eight weeks. The result showed that the growth rate of fish fed with Wolffia and Lemna reached 6.27 ± 0.14% per day and 6.46 ± 0.18% per day, while that fed with pellet was 7.17 ± 0.22% per day. Although these growth rates are significantly lower than that of fish fed with pellets, it is sufficient to show the potential of these aquatic plants as alternative feeds that can be used to reduce feed costs. This study also showed the better efficiency of fresh Lemna biomass as fish feed than Wolffia.

Growth and Phycocyanin Productitivity of Spirulina fusiformis under Various Light Regimes Tjandra Chrismadha; Rizky Agus Waluya
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 17 No. 1 (2013): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/ann.bogor.2013.v17.n1.1-6

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